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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Thyroid growth immunoglobulins in large multinodular endemic goiters: effect of iodized oil.

Iodized oil (IO) was administered to 10 goitrous patients recently emigrated to São Paulo (SP) from iodine deficiency areas and to 42 goitrous patients from 2 Brazilian chronic iodine deficiency regions, Loreto and Luziania (L). Thyroid growth-promoting immunoglobulin G (IgG) thyroid-stimulating antibody, serum thyroglobulin (Tg), TSH, and thyroid hormones were measured before and 1 yr after IO administration. In all patients there was a remarkable reduction of gland mass associated with a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in both basal serum Tg and peak Tg levels after bovine TSH administration. The mean percent Tg increase after bovine TSH treatment was reduced to 82% above basal levels compared with 224% before IO. Mean serum TSH levels, elevated only in the L group [7.3 +/- 11 (+/- SD) microU/ml] decreased to the normal range after IO (2.5 +/- 2.1 microU/ml). Serum T3 and T4 concentrations did not change greatly. Tests for microsomal antibodies were negative before and after IO. IgG concentrates of serum obtained before and after IO were tested for their ability to stimulate incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA or to increase intracellular generation of cAMP in FRTL-5 cells. Thymidine incorporation activity was found in 8 of 10 patients from SP [316 +/- 37% (+/- SEM); range, 140-480%] and 25 of 42 patients in the L group (mean, 206 +/- 14; range, 120-500%) before IO. Stimulation of thymidine incorporation reflected true growth-promoting activity, as confirmed by experiments measuring cell number, was not accounted for by TSH in the preparation, and reflected IgG action because it was abolished by absorption with antihuman IgG. IgG from only 1 patient in group SP and 4 patients in group L stimulated intracellular production of cAMP in FRTL-5 cells. All patients except 1 in both groups had no IgG stimulation (less than 120%) of growth-promoting activity 1 yr after IO treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between thyroid growth-promoting activity and serum Tg concentrations (r = 0.58; P less than 0.001), but no significant correlation was found with other parameters (TSH, T4, and T3). We conclude that growth-promoting IgGs lacking ability to stimulate cAMP production may play a role in the large multinodular goiters due to chronic iodine deficiency.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1996

Quantification of tumor uptake of iodized oils and emulsions of iodized oils: experimental study.

PURPOSE: To optimize use of iodized oil for diagnostic computed tomography (CT) enhanced with iodized oil and for interstitial radiation therapy with iodine-131-labeled iodized oil, the authors quantified the distribution of iodized oil after injection of different formulations of iodized oil into the hepatic artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: I-125-labeled iodinated ethyl ester of poppyseed oil in two viscosities (iodized oil ultrafluid [viscosity, 0.04 Pa/sec] and iodized oil fluid [viscosity, 0.17 Pa/sec]) was injected (pure forms and three different emulsions of each) into the hepatic artery of rabbits bearing VX2 tumors in the liver. All rabbits received a radiation dose of 4 MBq per kilogram of body weight in 0.1 mL/kg iodized oil. Animals were killed 4 days later, and iodized oil uptake was evaluated in the tumor, nontumorous liver, and lung. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in uptake between pure iodized oil ultrafluid or fluid or between the same type of emulsions made with each type of iodized oil. Lung uptake was significantly higher with pure iodized oil ultrafluid and fluid (19.75 kBq/g +/- 3.25 [standard error of the mean] vs 19.48 kBq/g +/- 6.15, respectively) than with any emulsions (range, 3.72-8.14 kBq/g; mean, 5.68 kBq/g) except the small-droplet oil-in-water emulsion (10.51 kBq/g +/- 1.18). The ratio of tumor to nontumorous liver uptake of iodized oil was significantly higher with large-droplet water-in-oil emulsions made of iodized oil ultrafluid or fluid (10.26 +/- 2.88 and 9.53 +/- 0.64, respectively) than with any other product (range, 4.07-5.38; mean, 4.49). CONCLUSION: Use of large-droplet water-in-oil emulsions limited lung uptake and increased tumor uptake of iodized oil after intraarterial hepatic injection in rabbits bearing VX2 tumors in the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Circulatory alterations induced by intra-arterial injection of iodized oil and emulsions of iodized oil and doxorubicin: experimental study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate circulatory alterations induced by intra-arterial injection of iodized oil and emulsions of iodized oil with an anticancer drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The viscosities and stability were evaluated in arterial flow of iodized oil and the emulsions. Doppler ultrasound was used to quantify the embolic effect in the arteries of rabbits. The behavior of doxorubicin and iodized oil in the rat cremaster muscle was studied with videomicroscopy. RESULTS: The emulsions did not break up after injection, and the size of discontinuous-phase droplets did not change. The embolic effect did not correlate with viscosity. The thinnest water-in-oil emulsion had the lowest embolic effect and induced homogeneous distribution of iodized oil droplets in the arterial tree. CONCLUSION: Changes in the formulation of emulsions obtained with the same proportions of drug and iodized oil change the distribution of iodized oil in the arterial tree, the location at which the drug is released, and the embolic effect.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modification of arterial and portal hemodynamics after injection of iodized oils and different emulsions of iodized oils in the hepatic artery: an experimental study.

PURPOSE: A strong embolic effect of iodized oil/drug mixtures injected in the hepatic artery appeared to be an efficient way of prolonging the contact time between drugs and tumor tissue. Therefore, the authors evaluated arterial and portal embolic effects after hepatic intra-arterial injection of iodized oils and various emulsions of iodized oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five pigs were monitored for the Doppler resistance index (DRI) in the hepatic artery and wedge hepatic vein pressure (WHVP) during 1 hour after injection of pure iodized oil, ultra-fluid or fluid, and four different emulsions of iodized oil ultra-fluid, into the hepatic artery. RESULTS: Mean area under the curve (AUC) values of DRI increases varied from 20.3 to 24.2 after injection of pure iodized oils or water-in-oil emulsions, and were 13.2 for large-droplet oil-in-water emulsion and 8.2 for small-droplet oil-in-water emulsion. Mean AUC values of WHVP increases varied from 151.6 to 195.6 after injection of pure iodized oils or water-in-oil emulsions, and were 105.5 for large-droplet oil-in-water emulsion and 8.5 for small-droplet oil-in-water emulsion. There was a significant difference in DRI and WHVP modifications between small-droplet oil-in-water emulsions and all other products (P = .001), between the two oil-in-water emulsions and the two water-in-oil emulsions (P = .004), and between the two oil-in-water emulsions and pure iodized oils (P = .002). CONCLUSION: After hepatic intra-arterial injection, water-in-oil emulsions and pure iodized oils provided a stronger embolic effect than oil-in-water emulsion, both in the hepatic artery and in the portal vein.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Usefulness of hepatic artery injection of iodized oil and 131I-labeled iodized oil before the therapeutic decision in hepatocellular carcinoma.

This study assesses the usefulness of intra-arterial injection of iodized oil (Lipiodol) as a tool for evaluating the therapeutic choice in a series of 72 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In 52 of these patients a scintigraphic study of the biodistribution of iodized oil was done, using 131I-iodized oil injection. A single tumor was detected in only 17 cases; 18 patients had a tumor involving only 1 lobe; in 7 cases CT scan disclosed a minute nodule in the opposite lobe of the main tumor. Eighteen patients had a portal thrombosis; in 12 of these cases CT scan showed iodized oil in the tumor emboli. The degree of intratumoral retention of iodized oil depended on the size of tumors and on the presence of arterioportal shunts. Our study demonstrates that only a few patients (4%) with HCC might benefit from curative surgery. The therapeutic benefit of methods using iodized oil injection might be estimated by means of its biodistribution variables (CT and/or scintigraphic data).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by transarterial injection of anticancer agents in iodized oil suspension or of radioactive iodized oil solution.

Transarterial injection of modified iodized oil was performed in 48 patients with hepatoma. In 41 cases an adriamycin and/or mitomycin C-iodized oil suspension was administered into the proper hepatic artery or peripheral hepatic branches. A reduction in tumor size of over 50 per cent was obtained in 14 of the 33 patients in whom CT examination was performed before and after treatment. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels decreased in 20 of 21 cases within the first month after injection. The one-year survival rate was estimated at 55 per cent in advanced hepatoma. In 7 patients, transarterial internal irradiation using radioactive iodized oil was carried out. A decrease in tumor size was observed in all cases and in alpha-fetoprotein levels in 6 cases. One patient with severe liver cirrhosis died in hepatorenal failure. No severe complications or other adverse reactions were encountered with either of the methods.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iodized-oil retention within hepatic hemangioma: characteristics on iodized-oil CT.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) appearance of iodized-oil retention in hepatic hemangioma and to evaluate the duration of the retention of iodized oil on follow-up CT. METHODS: Seventeen hepatic hemangiomas of 14 patients were studied with CT performed 1-3 weeks after injection of 2-9 ml of iodized oil (iodized-oil CT) for the characterization of focal hepatic lesions, which needed differential diagnosis with hepatocellular carcinoma in 10 patients, for therapy in two patients, and for chemoembolization therapy of accompanying hepatocellular carcinomas in two. Twelve patients had 1-7 follow-up CT scans within an interval of 1-38 months. RESULTS: In all cases, iodized-oil CT showed iodized-oil retention within the tumor, regardless of tumor size, shape, location, and amount of injected iodized oil. The distribution was incomplete and predominantly peripheral in all cases. Central retention was also seen in seven cases, in which a relatively large amount of iodized oil was injected, but retention of iodized oil in the tumor was incomplete even in two cases in which a large amount of iodized oil was injected to relieve symptoms and in three cases in which prominent uptake of surrounding liver parenchyma was seen. Patterns of retention were predominantly spotty in five, predominantly nodular in four, and mixed in eight patients. Retention materials slowly washed out but persisted for at least 3 months and up to 38 months (mean = 18.1 months), and complete washout was not seen in any cases at follow-up CT. CONCLUSION: In all cases of hepatic hemangiomas, iodized oil was retained, and retention persisted over several months. Distribution and patterns of retention were characteristically peripheral, spotty, and nodular at iodized-oil CT. Knowledge of the iodized-oil CT appearance of hepatic hemangioma would be helpful to interpret follow-up CT studies of patients who have undergone iodized-oil chemoembolization procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Iodized oil as a complement to iodized salt in schoolchildren in endemic goiter in Romania.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and possible side effects of low doses of iodized oil on iodine nutrition and thyroid function in endemic goiter in Romania. METHODS: Random selection of 214 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years. Serial measurements of urinary iodine, thyroid volume with ultrasound, serum concentrations of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, thyroglobulin and thyroid autoantibodies before and up to 2 years after the oral administration of 200 mg iodine in iodized oil. RESULTS: Urinary iodine concentrations indicated a moderate iodine deficiency before therapy, sharply increased soon after therapy and slowly decreased thereafter but remained within the normal range up to more than 1 year after therapy. The prevalence of goiter was 29% before the administration of iodized oil and 9% 1 year later. Thyroid function tests and autoantibodies were normal before and up to 2 years after therapy. CONCLUSION: A single dose of 200 mg iodine from oral Lipiodol appears adequate and safe for correcting moderate iodine deficiency in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exophytic regenerating nodule of the liver: misleading appearance on iodized-oil CT.

Iodized-oil CT in a patient with chronic liver disease revealed focal accumulation of iodized oil in an exophytic mass. Single photon emission CT (SPECT) with [99mTc]phytate showed the existence of functioning Kupffer cells, excluding hepatocellular carcinoma. Biopsy revealed a regenerating nodule. Positive iodized-oil CT does not always indicate hepatoma. In such cases, SPECT with [99mTc]phytate will help to make a correct diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Role of Kupffer cells in iodized oil embolization.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Iodized oil is a common oily embolic agent used in chemoembolization for treating hepatic tumors. However, how the iodized oil is cleared from the liver has been an unsettled and controversial issue. In this study, the authors attempt to clarify whether Kupffer cells are involved in the clearance of iodized oil and to evaluate the effect of hepatic arterial injection of iodized oil on the functional status of Kupffer cells. METHODS: Iodized oil was injected into the proper hepatic artery in 42 Fischer 344 rats. In vivo microscopy was performed immediately after and 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after injection. Electron microscopy was performed after in vivo microscopy. RESULTS: Kupffer cells actively captured and phagocytosed iodized oil droplets in the hepatic circulation. The number and functional status of Kupffer cells in the liver were significantly increased after the injection of the iodized oil and returned to normal when the liver was cleared of the oil. CONCLUSIONS: Kupffer cells play an important role in clearing iodized oil from the liver. Iodized oil activates the immune defense system in the liver, which may have a synergistic effect in tumor treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: targeted therapies using iodized oil.

Arterially administered iodized oil (Lipiodol) localizes selectively in HCCs for prolonged periods. Lipiodol-based intra-arterial chemotherapy and chemoembolization have yielded tumor response rates and survival benefits better than those offered by other therapies for unresectable Okuda Stage I and II HCC. Further trials are indicated to compare the different Lipiodol-cytotoxic-embolic regimens available. Early results of Lipiodol-targeted radiotherapy are available. This is a promising therapeutic development, and warrants comparison with chemoembolization in a large prospective randomized trial.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: sonography, CT, angiography, and iodized-oil CT with pathologic correlation.

To evaluate the characteristics of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma of the liver by imaging techniques, six patients (five male and one female), aged 46-60 years, with proved combined tumors were selected for this study from the review of 500 resected specimens of liver tumors. Images obtained from sonography, computed tomography (CT), angiography, and CT after intraarterial injection of iodized oil (iodized-oil CT) were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with the appearance of pathologic specimens. Sonographic findings were round or ovoid hypoechoic masses with central hyperechoic area (target appearance) in all patients. On CT scans, tumors were relatively well-defined low-and/or iso-attenuation masses in all patients. Angiography showed hypovascular masses in five patients. In one patient, the tumor appeared as a hypovascular mass with a central hypervascular area. On iodized-oil CT scans, all patients showed partial retention of iodized oil in tumors. Echogenicity in tumors at sonography or attenuation in tumors at CT could not be correlated with histologic difference in tumors at pathologic specimens. However, the hypervascular area at angiography and the compact retention areas of iodized oil at iodized-oil CT corresponded to portions of hepatocellular carcinoma within the combined tumor. On the basis of our results, imaging features, including target appearance at sonography, hypovascular mass with central hypervascular portions at angiography, and partial retention of iodized oil in tumors at iodized-oil CT, might be helpful in making accurate diagnosis of these rare tumors.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iodized oil retention due to postbiopsy arterioportal shunt: a false positive lesion in the investigation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Iodized-oil computed tomography (CT) is useful for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, but there may be false-positive results in patients who have undergone some percutaneous transhepatic interventional procedures. The purpose of the present study was to verify the correlation between subsegmental hepatic parenchymal retention of iodized oil on CT and the arterioportal shunt caused by liver biopsy. METHODS: Iodized-oil CT scans were reviewed in 24 patients with hepatic tumors who had liver biopsy and subsequent iodized oil chemoembolization. Iodized oil chemoembolization was performed shortly after biopsy (1-10 days; mean = 2.6 days). The results were correlated with hepatic arteriography, with a special emphasis on the presence of hepatic arterioportal shunt. RESULTS: Wedge-shaped subsegmental retention of iodized oil along or adjacent to the biopsy needle path was observed in iodized-oil CT in 17 of the 24 patients. In three patients, there was subsegmental enhancement on prebiopsy helical dynamic liver CT at the same area of iodized oil retention, and therefore iodized oil retention was considered to be due to hepatocellular carcinoma. In the remaining 13 (54%) patients, the peripheral iodized oil retention was considered to be due to biopsy-induced arterioportal shunt. In all these patients, arterioportal shunt was confirmed by hepatic arteriography. CONCLUSION: Wedge-shaped hepatic parenchymal retention of iodized oil is commonly observed in iodized-oil CT due to biopsy-induced arterioportal shunt, and this appearance should not be confused with a hepatocellular carcinoma.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1984

Prophylaxis and treatment of endemic goitre in Western Sudan with intramuscular iodized oil.

A single injection of iodized oil was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 0.2-2 ml (475 mg iodine per ml) to 383 children from the villages of Kas and Dibbis of the Darfur region in Western Sudan, where goitre is prevalent. After one year the prevalence of goitre had declined from 76% to 49.6%. Of the goitrous children, 81.1% showed either complete resolution of goitre or definite regression of its size. None of the nongoitrous children developed goitre and none of the existing goitres became larger. No cases of hyper- or hypothyroidism were observed. The full 270 children were followed up for four-and-a-half years after treatment and compared with untreated controls from the same area. The prevalence of goitre was significantly lower in the treated than in the untreated group. In treated children the mean urinary iodine excretion three-and-a-half years after treatment was 188.7 micrograms/g creatinine. This was significantly higher than in the untreated group (P less than 0.001). One year later the mean urinary excretion of iodine in the treated children had decreased to 87.1 micrograms/g creatinine. There was no difference in the mean serum values of T3 and T4 in the treated and untreated groups. The level of thyroid stimulating hormone was significantly lower in the treated [mean (S.D.) = 3.5 (0.9)] than in the untreated children [6.0 (3.5)]. It is concluded that a single injection of iodized oil is safe and effective in prevention of goitre development, reduces goitre size and maintains a sufficient iodine supply to prevent goitre for at least four-and-a-half years in children from goitre-endemic areas in Western Sudan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The effects of iodized oil injection in eu- and hypothyroid iodine deficient girls.

Iodized oil administration has not been effective in restoration of euthyroidism in adolescents and adults, and only partially effective in children aged 4 to 14 years with endemic myxedematous cretinism. Therefore, we studied the effect of iodized oil injection in euthyroid and hypothyroid school girls in an endemic region. Clinical examination and assessment of serum thyroid hormones and TSH were performed before and at 4, 7 and 12 months after intramuscular injection of 480 mg iodine in 54 school girls. Four months after iodized oil injection, T4 and T3 increased from 58 +/- 24 and 2.6 +/- 0.6 to 127 +/- 28 and 3.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/l, respectively. Serum TSH was above 5 mU/l in 45 girls before and in 4 girls four months after injection. None had increased TSH at 7 and 12 months of study. Older girls had lower T4 and higher TSH than younger ones, however, all responded well to iodized oil administration. Serum T3 was above the normal limit of 3.1 nmol/l in 16 subjects. There was no clinical evidence of hyperthyroidism. Mean serum T3 returned to pre-treatment value by 7 and 12 months. TSH response to TRH was subnormal in 5 girls who had increase in either T3 or T4 or both at the end of one year. Injection of iodized oil reverses thyroid function in children and adolescents with hypothyroidism, when the severity of iodine deficiency is not enough to cause thyroid cell atrophy. Transient elevation in serum T3 and/or T4 occurs in many and may last in some at least one year following injection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental studies of portal venous embolization with iodized oil in rats with experimentally induced liver cancer.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of portal venous embolization (PVE) with iodized oil in the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the distribution of iodized oil after PVE and tumor vascularity after hepatic arterial embolization (HAE) with iodized oil was determined in 25 rats with n-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under microscopic guidance, HAE with 1 mL of iodized oil was performed in 10 rats. After HAE, low-kilovoltage radiography in four rats and Microfil perfusion techniques in six were used to investigate the distribution of iodized oil and the portal blood supply, respectively. Low-kilovoltage radiography and histologic examination were performed to observe the distribution of iodized oil in 15 rats after PVE with doses of 0.6 mL/kg in each rat. RESULTS: After HAE with iodized oil, it was common that tumor nodules smaller than 5 mm in diameter were filled with Microfil perfused through the portal vein. After PVE, tumor nodules (< 5 mm) were completely filled with iodized oil, while filling defects were observed in larger tumor nodules (> 5 mm), which could have been filled through hepatic arterial perfusion. CONCLUSION: PVE with iodized oil may have a role in the treatment of hepatic malignant tumors, and it may play an important role in early detection and treatment of small tumor nodules (< 5 mm) supplied mainly by the portal vein.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

New model for describing urinary iodine excretion: its use for comparing different oral preparations of iodized oil.

Iodine excretion in urine after oral dosing with iodized oil is influenced by various factors involved in the retention and elimination of iodine by the body. In a study comparing different treatments of severely iodine-deficient schoolchildren from Malawi, a hyperbolic function was found to describe changes in urinary iodine concentration over time more adequately than a simple exponential function. Compared with oil A, comprising ethyl esters of iodized fatty acids, the retention and elimination of iodine from oil B, comprising triacylglycerol esters of iodized fatty acids, were significantly greater. The mean duration of effectiveness of oral iodized oil, based on urinary iodine concentrations > 0.40 mumol/L, was estimated to be 13.7, 9.9, and 52.5 wk for a single dose of iodized oil A (490 mg I), a split dose of iodized oil A (2 x 245 mg I), and a single dose of iodized oil B (675 mg I), respectively. Dividing the dose of oil A into two equal amounts given on consecutive days did not improve its efficacy.

Administration, Oral↗