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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Demonstration that progesterone 'blocks' uterine activity in the ewe in vivo by a direct action on the myometrium.

Intrauterine pressure was monitored in vivo in oestrogen-treated ovariectomized ewes before, during and after treatment with progesterone (50 mg s.c./day for 3 days). Progesterone reversibly reduced the frequency and amplitude of myometrial activity and abolished uterine reactivity to oxytocin (i.v.) and PGF-2alpha (intrauterine infusion). The rate of rise of intrauterine pressure during active pressure cycles was significantly reduced. These results confirm that the action of progesterone on the ovine myometrium is comparable to the classic progesterone 'block'. The intrauterine infusion of PGF-2alpha (10 microgram/min), which elicited a marked mechanical response in the control animals, failed to stimulate the progesterone-'blocked' uterus, suggesting that the inhibition produced by progesterone is due to a direct action of the hormone on the uterine muscle and not to an indirect mechanism operating through endometrial prostaglandin output.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Transcriptomics and proteomics reveal associations between myometrium and intrauterine adhesions.

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) is a gynecological condition with a poor therapeutic prognosis, that severely threatens the fertility and the reproductive physiology and psychological health of women. Our previous research on the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) for treating IUAs revealed that CM-Dil-labelled HUCMSCs were barely distributed in the endometrial epithelium. Instead, these cells were predominantly found in the myometrium, with no statistically significant difference in distribution compared to the endometrial stromal cells. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations between the myometrium and IUAs. METHODS: Eight patients with moderate and 5 severe lesional IUAs were included in the experimental group. The control group included 7 patients whose inner and outer myometrium were normal. We used H&E, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical staining to obtain the pathological features of the tissues. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed genes, proteins and enrichment pathways. RESULTS: Both IUAs lesion tissues expressed the smooth muscle markers &#x3b1;-SMA and H-caldesmon, and there was no significant difference between severe IUAs tissue and normal myometrium (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). Transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed that genes and proteins involved in cell mitosis, such as KIF14, KIF4A, and CIT, were downregulated in both IUAs lesion tissues compared with the inner myometrium (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Additionally, some genes or proteins that participate in activating the complement-coagulation cascade system and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation also significantly differed (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed a correlation between endometrial injury and the myometrium. These findings preliminarily revealed that the myometrium possibly contributes to the aetiology and progression of IUAs through dual mechanisms. On the one hand, the myometrium inhibits endometrial regeneration by suppressing the cell mitogenic pathway. On the other hand, it promotes fibrosis by activating the complement-coagulation cascade system and inhibiting the ECM degradation pathway. These new findings increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of IUAs and potentially contribute to the application of precision clinical treatment for IUAs.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Changes in electrical activity of myometrium during intrauterine distribution of rat blastocysts and after prazosin administration.

In the early pregnant rat, electrical activity of the myometrium consisted of regular bursts of spike potential, which appeared well propagated on Day 2 of pregnancy. During Day 3, there was a gradual disappearance of propagated activity. Concomitantly, there was a 7-fold increase (P less than 0.001) of uterine progesterone concentrations. At this stage, mean duration of bursts was 15.2 +/- 0.9 sec and intervals of complete quiescence between bursts were 84.2 +/- 7.0 sec. At 10:00 h on Day 4, there were peaks in the uterine concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone, +36% and +654%, respectively, compared with values on Day 2 (P less than 0.05). Between 10:00 and 20:00 h on Day 4, EMG activity exhibited a rapid and transient rise: bursts were of longer duration at the utero-tubal end of the horn (+60%, P less than 0.05) with an increased amplitude of spike potentials (+67% and +90% respectively at the tubal and cervical ends of the uterus, P less than 0.05). The administration of prazosin depressed EMG activity reversibly in a dose-dependent manner with maximal inhibition at about 2-3 h later. It is concluded that the changes observed during EMG recordings are relevant to the intrauterine distribution of blastocysts and related to changes in the steroidal environment and/or to catecholamine effects via alpha 1-adrenoceptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Intrauterine ultrasonic tomography].

The imaging methods used to date yield unsatisfactory information on the fine structure of the myometrium. Intrauterine sonographic tomography enables imaging of the normal myometrium, of myomas and carcinomas, with an exact determination of location, extent and above all infiltration depth of pathological changes.

Carcinosarcoma↗
PubMed1984

Myometrial electrophysiologic activity and gap junctions in the pregnant rabbit.

Electromyographic activity of the myometrium, intrauterine pressure, and myometrial gap junctions were examined in rabbits at various stages of pregnancy and during parturition. Electromyographic activity occurred throughout pregnancy and was characterized by electromyographic bursts lasting up to 5 minutes at a frequency of one to four per hour. The gap junction area of plasma membrane showed a significant increase at delivery at a time when electromyographic activity changed to rhythmic bursts of short duration at a frequency of about one per minute. This study shows that the rabbit uterus is active throughout pregnancy; furthermore, the development of large numbers of gap junctions between myometrial cells occurs at a time when uterine activity changes to the expulsive activity required for labor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A computer-controlled, continuously circulating, hot irrigating system for endometrial ablation.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the efficacy of a computer-controlled thermal catheter system to ablate the endometrium by use of 5 to 15 ml of hot saline solution. STUDY DESIGN: Five in vivo sheep uteri and 32 freshly excised human uteri were studied by inserting a self-contained heater catheter equipped with thermocouples and circulating hot saline solution for 15 minutes within the uteri at various temperature settings ranging from 60 degrees C to 80 degrees C. The uteri were grossly examined and microscopically evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-diaphorase stains for degree of acute destruction, depth of thermal injury, and predicted viability. RESULTS: All 80 degrees C sheep treatments resulted in complete loss of viability at mucosal, submucosal, and myometrial levels. In human uteri temperatures > or = 80 degrees C produced grossly recognizable thermal damage to the endometrium. Full-thickness irreversible damage was seen in the endometrium. Loss of viability was also demonstrated 1 to 3 mm deep in the superficial myometrium. Intrauterine pressure was demonstrated to range from 20 to 40 mm Hg, with a mean of 26 mm Hg. No leakage of fluid from the oviducts was observed. CONCLUSION: The data presented here demonstrate that a simple technique coupled with a sophisticated monitoring control system could successfully ablate the endometrium without the vagaries associated with individual operator skill levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Intrauterine ultrasonic tomography (IUT): comparison with macroscopic sections].

Clinical gynaecological examination and the imaging techniques in present use are insufficient for an accurate diagnosis of changes of the myometrium. The intrauterine ultrasonographic tomography (IUT) permits the differential diagnostic imaging of normal myometrium, leiomyomata, uterine carcinomata and sarcomata . There was good correlation between intra-uterine ultrasonograms and sections at the same level of selected normal and pathological hysterectomy specimens.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1984

Source of F series prostaglandins during the early postpartum period in cattle.

In vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to determine the contribution of the bovine uterus to concentrations of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) in peripheral plasma of postpartum cows. In Experiment 1, cows were assigned to three groups: untreated control (n = 4), hysterectomy following a manually induced prolapse of the uterus (n = 5) and sham operation (n = 3: prolapse of the uterus and replacement). Surgery was performed within 8 h of parturition, and blood samples collected frequently on the day of surgery and once (0800 h) or twice (0800 and 1700 h) daily from Day 1 to Day 15 postpartum. Following hysterectomy, PGFM concentrations decreased precipitously, became essentially undetectable by 5 h, and remained so for the rest of the experimental period. In contrast (P less than 0.01), PGFM concentrations, which remained elevated during the day of surgery in the sham-operated group, peaked on Day 2 (sham-operated group: 1339 pg/ml) or Day 3 (untreated control: 2143 pg/ml), and declined to a basal concentration between Days 10 to 15. In Experiment 2, in vitro metabolism of tritiated arachidonic acid ([3H] AA: 10 microCi) and production of PGF2 alpha and PGFM were studied in explants of early postpartum intrauterine tissues (myometrium, caruncle and intercaruncular endometrium). Extracts of [3H] AA metabolites released into the incubation medium were separated on Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Metabolites of [3H] AA, having the same chromatographic mobility as PGF2 alpha, PGFM and PGE2, were detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of vacuum curettage on the concentrations of plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and serum thromboxane B2.

Serial plasma samples collected before and after vacuum curettage followed by methylergometrine injection in 10 women were assayed for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha). The mean 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration was 97.2 (SE 8.8) pg/ml before cervical dilatation. The concentration rose to 128.2 (SE 13.5) pg/ml (P less than 0.10) immediately and to 133.3 (SE 17.8) pg/ml (P less than 0.05) 1 h after curettage and returned to the initial value within 5 h. Neither methylergometrine nor anaesthesia, nor non-gynaecological surgery, caused changes in the level of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The capacity of the platelets to produce thromboxane A2 during spontaneous clotting of blood did not change during vacuum curettage, anaesthesia and non-gynaecological surgery, nor after methylergometrine. The evidence suggests that the pregnant myometrium and/or intrauterine tissues capable of generating prostacyclin (PGI2) in vitro may release PGI2 also in vivo.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1986

Vaginal and abdominal delivery increases maternal urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion.

To study the role of the antiaggregatory and vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) during human delivery, serial urine samples collected from 13 women delivered vaginally and from eight delivered abdominally were assayed for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a breakdown product of PGI2) by high-performance-liquid-chromatography and radioimmunoassay. In women delivered vaginally the mean urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration was 41.9 (SE 8.3) ng/mmol creatinine, before the onset of labour and increased progressively to a maximum of 186.5 (SE 47.6) ng/mmol creatinine 2 h after delivery irrespective of the use of oxytocin and epidural analgesia. In women delivered by caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia, the urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha rose from 33.4 (SE 4.2) ng/mmol creatinine to 2153 (SE 314) ng/mmol creatinine 2 h after section. In both groups the increased levels had fallen by 24 h postpartum to levels below those found before delivery. In neonatal urine 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were some 12-30 times higher than those in postpartum urine. Thus, vaginal and abdominal delivery is accompanied by significant increases in maternal PGI2 release, perhaps in the myometrium and/or intrauterine tissues. This may be of significance in the regulation of fetoplacental blood flow and in the prevention of intra- and postpartum thrombosis.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1982

Effect of amnioscopy on concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostacyclin and thromboxane in maternal plasma.

To study whether amnioscopy causes a local release of prostaglandins (PG), the peripheral plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (M-PGF2 alpha)(a metabolite of PGF2 alpha), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a metabolite of prostacyclin) and thromboxane B2 (a metabolite of thromboxane A2) were measured with radioimmunoassays in 12 women between 36 and 40 weeks of pregnancy before and after amnioscopy. The levels of M-PGF2 alpha and thromboxane B2 rose significantly between 10 and 30 min after amnioscopy but dropped to pre-amnioscopy levels within 60 min, whereas the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration did not change. These findings suggest a local release of PGF2 alpha and Tx-A2 in the myometrium and/or intrauterine tissues as a consequence of amnioscopy.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1982

Production of prostacyclin and thromboxane during cesarean section.

The effect of cesarean section on the production of the antiaggregatory prostacyclin and proaggregatory thromboxane A2 was studied in 12 women by measuring the stable metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2, respectively, from serial maternal blood samples collected before, during, and after the operation. The plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha concentration was similar to the initial concentrations before the start of anesthesia (mean 121.6 +/- SE 11.5 pg/ml), at the time of skin incision (148.0 +/- 21.0 pg/ml), and at delivery of the infant (136.3 +/- 11.2 pg/ml), but was elevated at the end of the operation (454.8 +/- 56.2 pg/ml) (P less than .001) and one hour later (233.1 +/- 39.5 pg/ml) (P less than .01). These increases were similar whether the patients were operated on under general (N = 6) or epidural (N = 6) anesthesia. The serum thromboxane B2 concentration did not change, indicating no influence of cesarean section on the capacity of the platelets to produce thromboxane B2 during spontaneous clotting. The increased output of prostacyclin may originate from the myometrium and/or intrauterine tissues, which are manipulated during cesarean section. The increased output may play a role in preventing thromboembolic complications during and after cesarean section.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed2000

Oxytocin signaling in human myometrium is impaired by prolonged exposure to interleukin-1.

Intra-amniotic infection leads to preterm labor and is associated with the local release of inflammatory cytokines by fetal membranes, resulting in the production of uterotonic prostaglandins. Oxytocin, however, also plays a key role in the initiation of labor. Short-term exposure of myometrium to interleukin (IL)-1 enhances oxytocin signaling and contractility. With intrauterine infection, however, myometrium is exposed to inflammatory cytokines for prolonged periods. The present study was conducted to demonstrate that myometrial oxytocin signaling is significantly impaired following prolonged exposure to IL-1. Myometrial cells were treated with IL-1 for 24 h. Oxytocin-stimulated inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) production was measured in tritiated myoinositol-loaded myometrial cells. Arachidonic acid (AA) release was measured in tritiated AA-loaded myometrial cells. Increases in intracellular calcium were measure with fluo-3. Prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) were measured by ELISA assay. Prolonged exposure of myometrial cells to IL-1 resulted in a significant reduction in oxytocin-mediated signaling as measured by IP(3) production and AA release, as well as a decrease in intracellular calcium. Prolonged exposure of myometrial cells to IL-1, however, resulted in enhanced PG release. Oxytocin may not contribute significantly to the labor-inducing action of IL-1 in the setting of preterm labor with prolonged infection.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of C-type natriuretic peptide in human placenta and myometrium in normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. Preliminary results.

OBJECTIVE: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a vasoactive hormone and the endothelial component of the natriuretic peptide system. At present, nothing is known about CNP expression in human reproductive tissue. Since CNP shows antimitogenic and vasodilatative properties, it was the aim of the study to investigate whether CNP expression is altered in placenta and myometrium from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. METHODS: CNP expression was examined by RNase protection assay in human placenta and myometrium from six normal term pregnancies, six pregnancies with preterm delivery and six pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). RESULTS: In placenta and myometrium, CNP expression levels did not differ between term and preterm pregnancies (40 vs. 28 weeks of gestation). In pregnancies with IUGR (34 weeks of gestation) placental CNP expression was significantly decreased (100.00 +/- 18.6 vs. 67.09 +/- 8.7; p < 0.05). In the myometrium from IUGR pregnancies CNP expression was significantly increased to 191.48 +/- 42.5 (vs. 100.00 +/- 15.4; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CNP is expressed in human placenta and myometrium with no dependency on gestational age in the third trimester. Pregnancies with IUGR show an opposite regulation of CNP in placenta and myometrium, which indicates an organ-specific function of the peptide in human reproductive tissue.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[A study of tissue transfer of cefmetazole in the blood and uterus in pregnant rabbits].

Analysis was made to determine concentrations of cefmetazole (CMZ) in maternal serum, and intrauterine tissues of myometrium, placenta, fetal membrane, amniotic fluid and fetal lung after one shot intravenous infusion of 100 mg of CMZ to rabbits with 25th day-pregnancy, and the following results were obtained. 1. Concentrations of CMZ in maternal serum, myometrium and placenta reached their maximum levels in 30 minutes after administration, then decreased rapidly. 2. The concentration of CMZ in the fetal membrane reached its maximum level in 30 to 60 minutes after the administration, then it decreased to a nearly constant level. 3. The concentration of CMZ in the amniotic fluid showed its maximum level in 30 minutes after administration, then decreased, but somewhat increased again thereafter. 4. The concentration of CMZ in the fetal lung was elevated gradually after administration, then decreased after reaching its maximum level at 90 minutes, after administration to a nearly constant level. It was deemed, however, that higher concentrations would be necessary to achieve therapeutic effects because attained concentrations were lower than those in other tissues.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1984

The inaccuracy of total uterine volume measurements: sources of error and a proposed solution.

Inaccuracies in total intrauterine volumes calculated using the prolate ellipse equation have been reported. No previous study has examined all the sources of error. In this study, a comprehensive approach was undertaken. Measurements were obtained from scans of the pregnant uterus in the prone position using an automated water-path scanner (Octoson) and in the supine position using standard static B-mode scanners. Several conclusions could be drawn: 1) From the Octoson prone scans, uterine volumes obtained using the prolate ellipse formula were markedly different from the true uterine volumes obtained by the summation of stepped areas. This showed that the prolate ellipse formula was inaccurate. 2) From the static supine scans, many observer inconsistencies were found in uterine volumes obtained from the prolate ellipse formula. This made the prolate ellipse formula unreliable. 3) Previously published graphs calculated from the prolate ellipse equation, comparing fetal age with total intrauterine volume, were found to vary accuracy, presumably as a result of 1 and 2. A more accurate approach is proposed. Using the outer uterine wall as the boundary, the stepped area-to-volume values of transverse scans taken at 3-cm intervals were found to closely approximate true volumes, with an average error of only 3.5 per cent. Since these measurements encompass the intrauterine contents and the myometrium, it is suggested that the term "total uterine volume" be used instead of "total intrauterine volume."

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

The effect of fetectomy on prostaglandin receptors of the rat myometrium.

It has been postulated that intrauterine volume plays a role in the timing of parturition. In previous studies we found that the onset of parturition in the rat was associated with significant increases in the concentration of receptors for PGF2 alpha in the myometrium. To determine the effect of intrauterine volume on the concentrations of this myometrial receptor, we compared receptor levels in pregnant and fetectomized horns from unilaterally fetectomized pregnant rats near the time of parturition (n = 3). Myometria from pregnant horns contained substantially greater concentration of protein than did those from the contralateral fetectomized horns. The amounts of receptors per horn for PGF2 alpha were about 3 times greater in myometria from pregnant horns than in those from fetectomized horns. However, near term the concentration of receptors per protein contents was the same in pregnant and fetectomized horns. These results suggest that uterine stretch causes hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the myometrium being indicative of more protein per pregnant than fetectomized horns. However, the rise in the concentration of receptors for PGF2 alpha about the time of labour appears to be induced by hormonal and not by physical factors.

Animals↗