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Results for “International Association of Bioethics”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Health care, ethics and nursing in Bangladesh: a personal perspective.

Health care in Bangladesh is in a sad condition, with not enough doctors and nurses available to serve its people, but, even with this limited number of health care professionals, better care would be possible if greed for money and unaccountability to the people were controlled by the Government. Conditions for members of the nursing profession are not acceptable for those who are dedicated to serving the sick. Acknowledgement of nursing's professional dignity is almost completely absent. In addition, the salary earned is not enough to make a living. There are in existence professional associations who are struggling for the rights of the nursing community, although few concrete results have yet been seen. This article is written from the perspective of the author's position as a member of the Board and Treasurer of the International Association of Bioethics, and her interest in feminism and bioethics, which justifies her link with oppressed nurses (because most are women) and unethical practices in the nursing profession in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed2003

Teaching global bioethics.

We live in a world with enormous disparities in health. The life expectancy in Japan is 80 years; in Malawi, 40 years. The under-five mortality in Norway is 4/1000; in Sierra Leone, 316/1000. The situation is actually worse than these figures suggest because average rates tend to mask inequalities within a country. Several presidents of the IAB have urged bioethicists to attend to global disparities and to broaden the scope of bioethics. For the last six years I have tried to do just that. In this paper, I report and reflect on my attempts to teach bioethics in ways that address global health and justice. I then discuss ways to address key ethical issues in global health: the problem of inequalities; the nature of the duty to assist; the importance of the duty not to harm; the difference between a cosmopolitan and a political view of justice. I also discuss how teaching about global health may help to shift the emphasis in bioethics--from sensational cases to everyday matters, from autonomy and justice, and from access to healthcare to the social determinants of health. At the end of my paper, I reflect on questions that I have not resolved: how to delineate the scope of bioethics, whether my approach over-politicises bioethics, and how to understand the responsibilities of bioethicists.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2005

Poverty and inequality: challenges for the IAB: IAB presidential address.

This paper focuses on poverty and inequality in the world today. First, it points out how this topic is a main concern for the IAB. Second, it proposes 'new' theoretical tools in order to analyze global justice and our obligations towards the needy. I present John Rawls's denial that the egalitarian principle can be applied to the global sphere, his proposed weak duty of assistance, and his consideration of endemic poverty as essentially homegrown. In opposition, I focus on Thomas Pogge as representative of a cosmopolitan view who also holds a critical position towards the international systems which allow and cause poverty. I endorse the general normative proposal that defends every human being as an ultimate unit of moral concern, as well as the strategy of moving away from the charity model of bilateral aid to the realm of rights and duties. These ideas should redesign and broaden the normative and practical roles of institutions, and should also help provide a new approach on bioethical issues such as drug patenting or the imbalance in global research and neglected diseases.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A biography and bibliography: the recent trends in bioethics and medical genetics in Japan (Part I).

1. Introduction. 2. History of Bioethics in Japan. 3. First international bioethics seminar in Fukui on human dignity and medicine (1987). 4. Second international bioethics seminar in Fukui--international association of human biologists--japan society of human genetics joint symposium on medical genetics and society (1990). 5. Third international bioethics seminar in Fukui on human genome research and society (1992). 6. Fourth international bioethics seminar in Fukui on intractable neurological disorders, human genome research and society (1993). 7. Fifth international bioethics seminar in Fukui on the MURS japan/IBC UNESCO joint seminar on the protection of the human genome and scientific responsibility (1995). 8. Sixth international bioethics seminar in Fukui--UNESCO Asian bioethics conference- and who assisted satellite symposium on medical genetics services and bioethics, in Kobe and Fukui (1997). 9. Coming seventh international bioethics seminar in Fukui on pharmaco-genomics and DNA polymorphism (2000). 10. Conclusion.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1991

From the editors.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1995

A code of ethics for European health librarians: the points of departure.

Codes of ethics are a classic mark of a profession, and their preparation is an important part of the work expected of a professional organization. EAHIL has recently embarked on drafting a code for European health librarians. This paper explains the background to EAHIL's decision, and reviews existing codes of ethical practice in the fields of both medicine and library and information work.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMed1996

The moral foundations of scientific ethics and responsibility.

Any significant involvement of AADR/IADR in ensuring responsible research among their members must be grounded in a widely accepted consensus that there are good moral reasons for such involvement. One important source of such reasons is AADR/IADR's identity as a scientific research, a professional, and a dental association. These identities and the commitments to society and to clients implicit in them generate several mutually reinforcing reasons for taking responsibility for the reliability of members' research. With regard to scientific research, these reasons arise from what it means to do such research, and from the various ways the larger society supports that activity. With regard to the professional dimension, the reasons arise from what it means to be a profession in this society and can be best seen in relation to the four major characteristics of professions. With regard to AADR/IADR's being a dental profession, such reasons arise from dental researchers' specific role in the dental family of professions' goal of delivering optimal care to the clients of practitioners. The clients' perspective, specifically the need to be able to trust that one will receive the best care possible, is a final source for such reasons. Two current issues, the sharing of findings and commercial/industrial support for research, give new urgency to this question of the Association's role in ensuring responsible research.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1996

Survey of ethical issues in dental research.

The American Association for Dental Research (AADR) surveyed its leaders to determine their perceptions of the prevalence of problematic research practices and the possible roles AADR should play in promoting scientific integrity. Seventy-six of the 98 program chairs and Association officers (1990-1995) surveyed responded. In general, these respondents did not think that serious misconduct or sloppy science occurred more often in AADR than in other scientific disciplines. Overall, respondents rated practices that undermine the trustworthiness of science (falsifying or fabrication of research data, retaliation, failure to present negative results, failure to disclose involvement with commercial enterprises, failure to maintain research records, etc.) as more serious, but less prevalent, than practices considered disrespectful of the work of others (gift authorship, citing sources without reading them, dividing a project into many small units, etc.). All respondents said that they had observed each of the less serious problematic practices one or more times, whereas 10% reported having observed retaliation, 30% reported having observed falsification, and 54% reported having observed plagiarism one or more times. AADR leaders had observed many more instances of misconduct and other problematic research practices than had faculty surveyed by Swazey et al. (1993), supporting conclusions by Greenberg and Goldberg (1994) that status and years of experience are associated with more frequent observations of misconduct. With respect to the possible roles the AADR might play in promoting research integrity, 88% thought that AADR should develop ethics cases and materials for educational use, 78% thought that AADR should create a process for addressing allegations of misconduct, 72% thought that the Association should develop an ethics committee or consultation service, 55% thought it should create a yearly ethics symposium, and 45% thought that the AADR should develop a more specific code of ethics to complement the general code recently developed by the IADR.

Administrative Personnel↗