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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Intergenerational relations and family therapy research: what we can learn from other disciplines.

Although there are a number of theories regarding intergenerational relations within the family therapy field, few of these theories have been empirically examined. Indeed, intergenerational family research is in its infancy in the family therapy world. This article explores the literature on intergenerational relations within the sociological and psychosociological disciplines in order to understand what is known, and how this information could assist family therapy researchers interested in developing systematic studies of intergenerational relations for the family therapy field.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

The developmental stake hypothesis and changing perceptions of intergenerational relations, 1971-1985.

This study examines the developmental stake hypothesis as it relates to changing perceptions of intergenerational relations among members of multigenerational families. The data come from the first two waves (1971 and 1985) of a longitudinal study of multigenerational family members (N = 1,057). We find strong support for the developmental stake hypothesis since, at both time periods, parents (both G1s and G2s) saw less distance in their relations with their children (both G2s and G3s). In addition, all respondents perceived less distance between the G2-G3 generations over time. We also found several gender differences in perceptions of family ties. Contrary to our expectations, only G1 respondents perceived less distance between generations in society in 1985 as compared to 1971.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Change in East Germany intergenerational relations in a large city. Results of the 4th survey phase of the Halle Longitudinal Study of participants of the 1994 senior college (HALSEKO)].

The fourth survey by standardized questionnaire in November 1994 (response rate: 71.6%, n = 308, mean age: 68.1 years) to identify effects of the changes in the eastern German cultural and social scene among senior students enrolled at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg since 1989 (HALSEKO) revealed a distinct deterioration in intergenerational relations which has been interpreted in terms of Mead's theoretical conception of the induction of intergenerational conflict by the abrupt change in cultural values in the new Federal states. Negative assessment were given by 69.5% (1992: 33.4%). Statistical analysis by bivariant contingency tables yielded an assessment pattern with two dimensions. These consisted personal discrimination by younger people and changes in intrafamilial intergenerational relations owing to fewer contacts, stress due to the job situation for children and grandchildren, tension within the family and anxiety at the thought of loneliness. The latter causes have a hurtfull effect. The list of possible causes for the deterioration in intergenerational relations that formed part of the questionnaire showed that most subjects considered unemployment (71.3%) and changes in interpersonal contact (71.1%) to be responsible, the latter being described as a situation in which people do not have time for each other. In view of the importance of social relations for the well-being of the elderly, relations between the generations should remain on the agenda as a subject for further research and preventive conceptions.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

The politics of intergenerational relations.

The main purpose of this article is to emphasise the critical role of politics and political ideology in determining the nature of intergenerational relations. This is not the only source of influence on intergenerational relations but it has been under-emphasised in scientific inquiry. Social policies embodying political ideology have an impact at both micro and macro levels. The article summarises the ethical basis of generational solidarity, the nature of the social contract, the changes taking place in relations between the generations and the recent impact of political ideology on the social contract. The main point of reference is the UK.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Child-rearing antecedents of intergenerational relations in young adulthood: a prospective study.

Data gathered from mothers on parenting and family climate when almost 1,000 children in the Dunedin, New Zealand, longitudinal study were 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, and 15 years of age were used to predict intergenerational relations between young adult children (age 26) and their middle-aged parents. Analyses focused on distinct developmental epochs revealed greater prediction from the middle-childhood and early-adolescent periods than from the early-childhood years: most indicated that more supportive family environments and child-rearing experiences in the family of origin forecasted more positive and less negative parent-child relationships (in terms of contact, closeness, conflict, reciprocal assistance) in young adulthood, though associations were modest in magnitude. Some evidence indicated that (modestly) deleterious effects on intergenerational relations of experiencing relatively unsupportive child-rearing environments in 1 but not 2 (of 3) developmental periods studied could be offset by relatively supportive family environments in the remaining developmental periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Intergenerational relations: older Korean-Americans' experiences.

This paper examined intergenerational relations and cohesiveness in the Korean-American family, based on a concept of family solidarity. The data were drawn from face-to-face interviews for 50 older Korean immigrants, telephone interviews for 40 Korean adult children in the Philadelphia area. Most Korean-American elderly were found to live in proximity to a son. There were a high degree of interaction in visiting and telephoning between generations, but less frequency in shared leisure activities and particularly in communication. Financial aid largely flowed from adult children to aged parents, but service assistances were balanced between generations. It is noteworthy that aged parents had lower level of exchanges with their married daughters than their married sons. Results also indicated that Korean-Americans had a consensus about an ideal of dependency in old age. In general, Korean-Americans seemed to have less intergenerational conflicts because of the modest expectations of filial obligation among the older Koreans. The findings did not suggest any evidence of deterioration in cohesion of the Korean-American family, but illustrated a significant ethnic characteristic in intergenerational relationships.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

[The consequences of the demographic revolution and of the aging of society: restructuring the age groups and modifying intergenerational relations].

The consequences of demographic aging in developed societies are examined. The author notes that "demographic aging has intensified over the last decades, bringing with it a significant modification in relationships between age groups and the sexes.... These changes in demographic structures bring with them the reorganization in intergenerational relations, the most spectacular instance of which...[is] the coexistence at the same time and in the same place of four or five generations of direct descendants." The author develops the hypothesis that a new attitude toward old age is needed in which "the social status of the elderly must be reinstated, and everything must be brought into play to encourage the integration of different age groups and intergenerational solidarity, so as to arrive in the best possible conditions at what [can be termed] the 'era of old age'...which will accompany the coming of the post-industrial society with its orientation toward the mass production of leisure and of services." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intergenerational relations: pre-med students at senior centers.

Misconceptions about aging and a negative bias against caring for older adults entail unfortunate consequences for society. This study explored the potential of frequent personal contact in reducing misconceptions and improving personal attitude towards older adults. Thirty students, predominantly Asian, with English as their second language, attended senior centers three times per week for 11 months, on the average. They assisted in teaching health promotion classes for the prevention of falls, conducted health assessments by interview, and collected physiological data. At the senior centers, a sample of 70 older adult Americans participated in the health promotion classes and in this evaluation of intergenerational relations. Students completed anonymously two questionnaires; one was objective, testing misconceptions about aging; the other was subjective, rating their reactions to elders at senior centers. Older adults completed, also anonymously, a subjective questionnaire on their reactions to students at their centers. Results on students' misconceptions about aging were similar to those among students at Duke University who did not experience frequent personal contact with well elderly. According to the Facts on Aging Quiz, the overall attitude among students at senior centers was more biased in the negative direction than among Duke students, especially among students who had just joined the project. However, in the subjective questionnaires, students at senior centers expressed feeling at ease at the centers and they disagreed with statements of impatience and frustration. Older adults at the centers had a positive attitude toward the students and most thought that students were sympathetic.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Intergeneric relations between nematodes of the digestive tract in lambs: a multivariate approach.

The interactions between nematode genera of the ovine digestive tract have been examined through a multivariate analysis performed on data previously obtained in epidemiological surveys conducted in France and Morocco. Data referring both to the frequency of genera per sheep (analysis at the individual level) and to the number of worms per genus and per animal (analysis at the host population level) were examined. The results suggest that a highly stable equilibrium between genera occurred in individual hosts possibly regulated by the host response and the interactions between the worm populations. The regulative factors which act at the host population level tend to increase the stability of the system, to promote the expression of positive interactions between the genera and also to modulate the arrangement of intergeneric relations. The multivariate analysis thus provides a means for global analysis of the relations between nematode populations with potential applications to assess the efficacy of some control measures on the whole nematode community in the digestive tract.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Sharing of culture: adult grandchildren's perceptions of intergenerational relations.

The current study addressed the sharing of traditions, beliefs, and customs (i.e., culture) between grandparents and grandchildren. Two hundred and forty-six adult grandchildren were surveyed on both existing and newly created measures of grandparenting. Results indicated that extent of shared activities, attitudes toward grandparents, and perceptions of cultural sharing were significantly related. Additionally, it was found that minority and female participants were more likely to engage in intergenerational culture sharing and reported more positive statements about this sharing in response to open-ended questions. Findings highlights the importance of cultural sharing to perceptions of grandchild-grandparent relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Disembedding and remoralization. Old age security and intergenerational relations in globalized welfare capitalism].

The article reconstructs the changes in provision for old age since the 19th century with regard to the ensuing change in intergenerational relationships. The first finding is a broadening of the arenas of provision for old age, a historical cumulation of family (which is still relevant), welfare state and, increasingly, private provision in financial markets, adding up to a 'welfare mix' in old age. This implies a complexification of intergenerational relationships. The second finding is an ambivalent qualitative change: on the one hand relationships between generations become more anonymous and disembedded from primary social relationships; on the other hand they are politicized (they become a public issue) and remoralized. This ambivalence applies to bureaucratic provision for old age in the welfare state, i.e., to social insurance. The main thesis is that--contrary to neoliberal belief--private old-age security in global financial markets cannot be seen as individualistic and moral-free but constitutes an anonymous exchange relationship between generations on financial markets that also raises issues of intergenerational justice. We can expect that these abstract relationships between generations will be politicized and remoralized as a consequence. Welfare state and financial markets offer solutions to problems of previous forms of provision for old age but they also produce new problems of intergenerational relationships.

Capitalism↗
PubMed1983

Social and economic forces affecting intergenerational relations in extended families in a Third World country: a cautionary tale from South Asia.

This paper questions the implicit assumption derived from modernization theory that elderly persons in the Third World lead secure and satisfying lives because they still live in extended families. Data from elderly Hindus living in Kathmandu, Nepal, are presented and demonstrate that, although these elderly people do continue to live in extended families, social and economic changes have transformed the nature of intergenerational social relations within these families to the detriment of the elderly family members.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Self-interest and altruism in intergenerational relations.

Self-interest and altruism in the relationships between generations can be manifested both within the family and in the public arena. The present study compares levels of support between age groups 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80+ on a series of attitudes about "appropriate" parent-child relationships and governmental programs for older people. On both kinds of measures, older people tend consistently to be least likely to adopt the "pro-elderly" position. This association is maintained when controls are introduced in multivariate analyses. Altruism, not self-interest, seems to govern the attitudes of the older generation in this sample. This finding should mitigate potential conflicts over issues of intergenerational equity and fairness, both within the family and in public policy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Intergenerational relations and intragenerational conditions. Observations from the viewpoint of statutory pension insurance].

The future development of all German pension systems will be determined by decisive challenges. The demographic development, the increasing number and length of interruptions of the employment period and the change in the distribution of functions in partnerships are just three aspects. The statutory pension insurance organizes the relationship between the generations as well as the balancing within one generation. The structure of statutory pension insurance must guarantee a fair equalization of burdens in both regards. The following article describes the challenges and the contribution of statutory pension insurance to stable social relationships.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Intergenerational relations in urban China: proximity, contact, and help to parents.

Although most older Chinese parents live with an adult son or daughter, most adult offspring do not live with parents. We examine the relations of these noncoresident offspring with parents in terms of proximity, frequency of contact, and exchange of help. Based on a 1993 random sample survey conducted in two major Chinese cities, we find that although rates of coresidence are high, noncoresident sons and daughters live close to parents, have frequent contact with their parents, and provide regular help to parents. Relationships with noncoresident sons and daughters are unaffected by whether parents coreside with another child. There is some evidence of closer relationships with sons than with daughters, but parents without a son receive as much help from all children as do parents with sons. The effects of these and other predictors are estimated in multivariate analyses, and results are interpreted in terms of the persistence or change of traditional family norms.

China↗