Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Intellectual Disability”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Daytime behaviour problems and maternal stress in children with Down's syndrome, their siblings, and non-intellectually disabled and other intellectually disabled peers.

The present study investigates the occurrence of daytime behaviour problems and maternal stress in a group of children with Down's syndrome (DS) compared with a group of their non-intellectually disabled siblings, a group of non-intellectually disabled children from the general population and a group of children with an intellectual disability other than Down's syndrome. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and the Malaise Inventory were completed by the mothers. Associations between daytime behaviour problems and maternal stress were also explored. Overall, the children with DS and the children with other intellectual disabilities showed significantly higher rates of behavioural disturbance on all five of the ABC subscales (Irritability, Lethargy, Stereotypies, Hyperactivity and Inappropriate Speech) and on the Total ABC score. However, the children with other intellectual disabilities also showed significantly higher scores than the children with DS on four of the ABC subscales: Irritability, Lethargy, Stereotypies and Hyperactivity, as well as the Total ABC score. The siblings and children from the general population showed very similar behaviour scores. A number of significant age and sex differences were found in the occurrence of daytime behaviour problems. Maternal stress was significantly higher in the group with other forms of intellectual disability than the other three groups, and a number of significant associations were found between parental ratings of daytime behaviour problems and maternal stress in all four samples. The implications of the findings are discussed, including the need for early assessment to minimize adverse effects on the child's development and on family life.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing health disparities through promoting equity for individuals with intellectual disability.

Intellectual disabilities (ID) are conditions originating before the age of 18 that result in significant limitations in intellectual functioning and conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills. IDs affect 1 to 3% of the population. Persons with ID are more likely to have physical disabilities, mental health problems, hearing impairments, vision impairments and communication disorders. These co-existing disabilities, combined with the limitations in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviours, make this group of Canadians particularly vulnerable to health disparities. The purpose of this synthesis article is to explore potential contributory factors to health vulnerabilities faced by persons with ID, reveal the extent and nature of health disparities in this population, and examine initiatives to address such differences. The review indicates that persons with ID fare worse than the general population on a number of key health indicators. The factors leading to vulnerability are numerous and complex. They include the way society has viewed ID, the etiology of ID, health damaging behaviours, exposure to unhealthy environments, health-related mobility and inadequate access to essential health and other basic services. For persons with ID there are important disparities in access to care that are difficult to disentangle from discriminatory values and practice. Policy-makers in the United States, England and Scotland have recently begun to address these issues. It is recommended that a clear vision for health policy and strategies be created to address health disparities faced by persons with ID in Canada.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of multiple psychotropic drug use in patients with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning and psychiatric or behavioral disorders.

Prevalence rates of psychotropic drug use in people with intellectual disabilities are high and pharmacotherapy is often attempted with multiple drugs. The presence of disruptive behavior is an important factor associated with the use of psychotropic drugs in this population. We wanted to gain insight into prevalence and determinants of multiple psychotropic drug use among patients with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning with psychiatric or behavioral disorders. Therefore, data on psychotropics and possible determinants of use were retrospectively collected during 1992-1997 in a specialized closed ward of a Dutch general psychiatric hospital. We defined multiple drug use as concomitant prescription (regular or as needed) of a combination of benzodiazepines/tranquilizers/antipsychotics/anticonvulsants/anti-depressants. Multiple drug use, seen in 48% of the patients, was associated with a long duration of stay, psychosis, aggressive, bizarre, attention-seeking behavior and involuntary measures. We conclude that it is likely that difficulties in the management of socially disruptive behavior are often countered by multiple drug prescription.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A comparison of anxiety and depression in sex offenders with intellectual disability and a control group with intellectual disability.

The aims of this study were to employ modified versions of the 21-item Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories with a group of 16 sex offenders with mild intellectual disability and borderline intelligence and 16 control participants with similar levels of intellectual disability. Test-retest correlations found high reliability for both assessments across all participants. There was a significant differences between the scores of the 2 groups with the sex offenders reporting significantly lower levels of anxiety and depression than the control participants. The results are discussed by presenting hypotheses on the emotional stability in each group.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Disruption of GAD1 protein architecture by a novel missense variant in a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: Intellectual disability represents a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders marked by significant impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Among the various causes, genetic factors play a major role, with autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) constituting a genetically diverse subgroup. ARID is prevalent in consanguineous families and arises from homozygous mutations that disrupt critical genes involved in brain development and function. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify disease-causing genetic variants responsible for ARID in a consanguineous Pakistani family and to evaluate the structural and functional impact of a novel variant identified in GAD1 through protein modeling. METHODS: A consanguineous family affected with intellectual disability was enrolled. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on an affected individual, followed by bioinformatics analysis including alignment to the GRCh38 reference genome, variant calling, and annotation. Variants were filtered based on rarity, predicted functional impact, and autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Candidate variants were validated and assessed by Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis. Protein modeling was performed to evaluate the structural impact of the identified variant. RESULTS: A novel homozygous missense variant NM_000817:c.1700G>A;p.Arg567Gln in GAD1 was identified. Segregation analysis confirmed co-segregation of the variant with the affected phenotype. Protein modeling suggested that the variant may disrupt GAD1 enzymatic function involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the significance of genetic investigation in familial cases and the crucial role that GAD1 mutations play in neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disability. The results advance the knowledge of molecular causes of ARID and broaden the mutational range.

Pakistani↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IDEA (Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers): a population-based database for intellectual disability in Western Australia.

Despite the demands it places on individuals, families and the community, intellectual disability (ID) is a neglected area of public health. Accurate estimates of prevalence are sparse and range from 0.5 to 3.0%. The cause of the condition is unknown in at least 50% of cases. This paper describes the Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers (IDEA) database set up in Western Australia to provide an infrastructure for research and to facilitate the planning of service provision for people with ID. Since 1953 a database for ID has been maintained in Western Australia, a state with a population of 1.95 million in an area of 2.52 million km2. The current IDEA database aims to obtain ongoing population-based ascertainment of ID from providers of clinical and educational services, with the potential for linkage to a network of other state databases. The average prevalence of ID for children born in Western Australia over the years 1983-1996 was 15.2 per 1000 live births, with 50% ascertained only through the education system. During this time period 60% of cases were male. Of children with an ID born in Western Australia in 1980-1999 and surviving to 1 year, 30.1% had a birth defect, and the prevalence ratio of birth defects in this group compared to the population with no birth defects was 6.5 (CI 6.3-6.8).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Mania and intellectual disability: the course of manic symptoms in persons with intellectual disability.

Our aim was to extend the literature by examining the presence of manic symptoms in persons with intellectual deficits with and without bipolar disorder for 3 years. Three groups (bipolar, psychopathology other than bipolar disorder, and no Axis I diagnosis) were formed with 14 participants in each group. Initially, the presence of mania symptoms were examined across diagnostic groups. The bipolar group had significantly greater endorsements on the Parent Version of the Young Mania Rating Scale and the DASH-II Mania subscale item "decreased need for sleep" than did the other groups. A 3 (group) x 3 (year) ANOVA revealed that the item endorsements differed significantly over time for the bipolar group but not the other groups. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with an Intellectual Disability (GAS-ID): development and psychometric properties of a new measure for use with people with mild intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: Self-rating scales are widely used in general adult practice; however, there is no reliable and valid method for assessing state anxiety in people with intellectual disability (ID). The present study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a new scale, the Glasgow Anxiety Scale for People with an Intellectual Disability (GAS-ID). METHODS: First, an item pool was generated from focus groups, a review of the literature and clinician feedback. Secondly, a draft scale was administered to 19 anxious and 16 non-anxious people with ID for further validation and appraisal of reliability. Thirdly, the scale was completed by 19 anxious, non-ID people for cross-validation with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Finally, physiological concomitants were validated by pulse-oximetry. RESULTS: The 27-item GAS-ID discriminated anxious from non-anxious participants, had good test-retest reliability (r = 0.95) and internal consistency (alpha = 0.96), and was reasonably correlated with the BAI (rho = 0.75). The correlation between the physiological subscale of the GAS-ID and changes in pulse rate was moderately significant (rho = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that the GAS-ID offers a psychometrically robust and practical (5-10 min) approach to the appraisal of anxiety in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A follow-up study of mortality, health conditions and associated disabilities of people with intellectual disabilities in a Swedish county.

BACKGROUND: In the planning of services and health care for individuals with intellectual disability (ID), information is needed on the special requirements for habilitation and medical service and associated disabilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An unselected consecutive series of 82 adult persons with ID was studied. The medical examination consisted of the individual's health condition, associated impairments and disabilities. Medical and habilitation services and support were studied. RESULTS: The results indicated that 71% of the persons in the series had severe and 29% mild ID. Forty-seven per cent of the persons with severe ID and 35% of those with mild ID had one or more additional central nervous system (CNS) disabilities. Of the persons with ID, 99% had access to a family doctor and 84% attended regular health visits. Notably, half of persons were referred to a specialist examination as a consequence of their present medical examination. Half of the persons with mental health problems were previously undiagnosed and only a few of these had access to a psychiatrist. CONCLUSION: Our study clearly demonstrates the magnitude and importance of neurological and psychiatric impairments in ID. The findings suggest a strong need for multidisciplinary health service.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dual diagnosis in offenders with intellectual disability: setting research priorities: a review of research findings concerning psychiatric disorder (excluding personality disorder) among offenders with intellectual disability.

Studies of so-called 'dual diagnosis', i.e. intellectual disability (ID) with an additional psychiatric disorder, are reviewed with particular reference to offending behaviour. Because of the paucity of studies of psychopathology in offenders with ID, the present paper opens with studies of broader issues of psychopathology among people with ID, notably those with depression, schizophrenia, mild depressive disorder, other major psychotic disorders, anxiety/neurotic disorder, autistic spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. There follows a review of the most established and commonly used measurement scales for dual diagnosis in ID. The review then focuses directly on those studies which have looked at the issues of dual diagnosis among offenders with ID. In keeping with other reviews in this series, the latter studies are classified according to the same criteria. Based on this review, it is apparent that there are high-priority research questions which concern the extent and nature of psychopathology among offenders with ID, most notably those with autistic spectrum disorders.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed2000

Test battery for the diagnosis of dementia in individuals with intellectual disability. Working Group for the Establishment of Criteria for the Diagnosis of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disability.

A working battery of tests for the diagnosis of dementia, which is applicable to most adults with intellectual disability, is proposed by an international Working Group. The battery, reflecting contemporary research and practice findings, includes scales for informant report of functioning and tests for direct assessment. The Working Group recommends the international use of the battery both as part of ongoing and new longitudinal research, and in clinical practice. The widespread use of a common battery will enhance communication and collaborative opportunities among researchers and clinicians at various sites, and will help to standardize diagnostic protocols and research findings. The collaborative evaluation of such a battery will address one of the greatest challenges in the field, that of differentiating change associated with ageing from that associated with dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Identification of intragenic variants in pediatric patients with intellectual disability in Peru.

BACKGROUND: Intellectual disability in Latin America can reach a frequency of 12% of the population, these may include nutritional deficiencies, exposure to toxic or infectious agents, and the lack of universal neonatal screening programs. In 90% of patients with intellectual disability, the etiology can be attributed to variants in the genome. OBJECTIVE: to determine intragenic variants in patients with intellectual disability between 5 and 18 years old at Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño. METHODS: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. A total of 124 children diagnosed with intellectual disability were selected based on psychological test results and availability for whole exome sequencing. In addition, a chromosomal analysis of 6.55 M was performed on ten patients with a negative result in sequencing. Relative and absolute frequencies and measures of central tendency and dispersion were determined according to their nature. In addition, multiple linear regression and Poisson regression were used to determine the association between some clinical characteristics and the probability of occurrence in patients with positive results. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 6.3 (IQR = 5.95), males accounted for 57.3%, and 91.9% of the cases had mild intellectual disability. Exome sequencing determined the etiology in 30.6% of patients with intellectual disability, of which 52.6% were autosomal dominant inheritance. The most frequent genes found were MECP2, STXBP1 and LAMA2. A broad genotype-phenotype correlation was identified, highlighting the genetic heterogeneity of intellectual disability in this population. The presence of dermatologic lesions, dystonia, peripheral neurological disorders, and fourth finger flexion limitation were observed more frequently in patients with intellectual disability with "positive results". CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that one-third of patients with intellectual disability exhibit intragenic variants, highlighting the importance of genetic analysis for accurate diagnosis. The identification of genes such as MECP2, STXBP1, and LAMA2 underscores the genetic heterogeneity of intellectual disability in the studied population. These findings emphasize the need for genetic testing in clinical management and the implementation of early detection programs in Peru.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Old World--new territory: European perspectives on intellectual disability.

People with intellectual disability share the mixed fortunes of the diverse countries in that they live, as well as the social and political changes that mark life in Europe at the close of the twentieth century. The European Union exerts its influence through common policies and centrally funded initiatives which promote the social and vocational integration of people with intellectual disabilities. At the same time, many countries in Central and Eastern Europe are building a new and as-yet untested social order. This paper outlines the distinctive features of European identity. Some of the gains already achieved on behalf of Europeans with intellectual disability are presented, as well as some of the problems which continue to threaten their well-being and inclusion. It is suggested that partnerships between countries and regions can help to chart new territory for citizens of the Old World.

Education, Special↗