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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Potentiation insulin coma therapy by regional and lateral electric stimulation].

Clinicopsychopathological and clinicostatistical methods were employed to explore reverse dynamics of psychopathological symptomatology in the course of insulin coma therapy of 200 schizophrenic patients. 90 patients received insulin coma therapy in combination with zonal and lateral stimulations by means of subsensory pulse current at a frequency of 1 to 30 Hz. Right hemispheral exposure potentiated antipsychotic action of insulin comas. After left hemispheral exposure insulin comas provoked temporary exacerbation of symptomatology. The new modification was called lateral potentiated insulin coma therapy. The use of the therapy made it possible to attain a more rapid reverse development of psychotic symptomatology, to reduce the number of comas required per treatment course, to raise the quality and duration of the remissions attained.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[Forced insulin coma therapy and its efficacy].

The title method was applied to the treatment of schizophrenic patients suffering from schizoaffective, paranoid and hallucinatory paranoid attacks. Definite correlations were established between the development of insulin coma and the type of the reverse development of psychosis. Five variants of schizophrenia reduction due to the treatment method under consideration were distinguished and described: variant 1--harmonic critical, variant 2--harmonic lytic, variant 3--disharmonious deliric, variant 4--disharmonious affective, and variant 5--incomplete reduction. The established correlations between variants of the development of insulin coma and the type of psychosis reduction enable one to predict whether the use of forced insulin coma therapy will be desirable and effective.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1976

Insulin coma therapy: decrease of plasma tryptophan in man.

A biochemical study was performed in two patients submitted to insulin coma therapy. The injection of insulin resulted in a decrease of free and total tryptophan as well as tyrosine in plasma, while NEFA were not influenced by this treatment. The ratio of tryptophan to tyrosine was enhanced. The administration of glucose after insulin provoked an increase of free and total tryptophan. The results support the hypothesis that in man insulin may favor the uptake of tryptophan by the brain, and enhance the synthesis of cerebral serotonin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Hormone and metabolic profile in diabetic hyperosomolar coma. Plasma insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide (author's transl)].

Fifteen patients with non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma were investigated and compared with ketoacidotic patients. Basal plasma insulin levels were low in all patients (14.8 +/- 1.0 micronU/ml in hyperosmolar coma, 11.0 +/- 1.3 in keto-acidosis), but insulin level increased after intravenous tolbutamide (between 30 and 105 micronU/ml) in eight hyperosmolar comas. Insulin showed no increase in seven hyperosmolar comas and in none of the ketoacidotic patients. In hyperosmolar coma plasma free fatty acids (1710 +/- 197 micronEq/1), triglycerides (3,4 +/- 0,4 g/1) and cortisol levels (49,7 +/- 9,0 microgram/100 ml) were increased, must as in keto-acidosis. Growth hormone (1,7 +/- 0,1 ng/ml) was normal, unlike the case in keto-acidosis. Plasma lactate concentrations were elevated and account for the frequent mild acidosis found in hyperosmolar coma. In spite of the low peripheral "insulin/glycemia ratio", the positive response to tolbutamide in half of the hyperosmolar cases suggests a less complete pancreatic deficiency than in keto-acidosis. The plasma high free fatty acid and triglyceride levels suggest that the lack of ketosis is not due to inhibition of lipolysis but could be a consequence of inhibition of hepatic ketogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of the effects of 4 psychiatric treatments on rat brain beta 5HT2 receptors].

Four psychiatric treatments, such as electro-convulsive treatment (ECT), insulin coma, electroacupuncture (EA) and antidepressants were given to rats chronically, and the brain cortex beta and serotonin2 receptors were measured. Comparing with their control groups we found that chronic ECT, insulin coma and EA have similar effect to down-regulate the specific coma and EA have receptor, but almost no effect on serotonin2 receptor. Antidepressants have various effects on brain monoamine receptors. The major effects of desipramine and imipramine were down-regulate B receptor, while of amitriptyline was down-regulate 5HT2 receptor. Our data suggested that different psychiatric treatment might effort their therapeutic effects mediated by different monoamine function in CNS.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1978

Hypoglycemia: an overview.

Hypoglycemia was not described as a human clinical syndrome until exogenous insulin was discovered. Much of our current knowledge of the symptoms of hypoglycemia derived from the reactions of schizophrenics to insulin coma therapy in the late 1920's. The diagnosis of hypoglycemia cannot be made simply on the basis of a blood glucose level since many asymptomatic persons have levels below 50 mg/100 ml. The diagnosis should be made only if symptoms occur at the glucose nadir and are relieved by the administration of glucose. The most common organic cause of hypoglycemia is functioning islet-cell tumor. By far the most prevalent type of hypoglycemia is idiopathic (function), a condition whose pathophysiology is not understood and which has given rise to a popular lay "mythology."

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1979

Insulin and glucagon levels in liver cirrhosis. Relationship with plasma amino acid imbalance of chronic hepatic encephalopathy.

Alterations in insulin and glucagon levels might account for the plasma amino acid imbalance of cirrhotics. In order to verify this hypothesis we evaluated basal insulin, glucagon, branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and free tryptophan in 13 controls and 37 cirrhotics divided on the basis of their mental state; in 4 patients the hormonal and amino acid patterns were sequentially studied during various stages of encephalopathy. Glucagon is high in cirrhotics and progressively increases with the worsening of the mental state. Free tryptophan and aromatic amino acids show a similar behavior and significantly correlate with glucagon levels (r = 0.67 and r = 0.81, respectively). On the other hand insulin levels, which are high in cirrhotics without encephalopathy, fall in the presence of deep coma. Insulin did not correlate with any of the plasma amino acids considered. Our data suggest that the catabolic state associated with increased glucagon levels may account for some of the alterations in the plasma amino acid profiles of cirrhotics. Portal-systemic shunting does not seem to be the common cause of both hyperglucagonemia and hyperaminoacidemia. Decreased branched-chain amino acid levels may be related to factors different from those involved in the alterations of carbohydrate homeostasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The place of pyrogen therapy in the modern treatment of schizophrenia patients].

The author analyses experience gained with the use of the pyrogenic drugs sulfazin and pyrogenal in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. Pyrogenal and sulfazin were administered to 26 patients with different forms of schizophrenia to overcome psychopharmacotherapeutic resistance and to 11 patients to enhance the sensitivity to insulin during insulin coma therapy. Based on the clinical analysis the author demonstrates the efficacy of the use of the pyrogenic drugs, particularly pyrogenal, in schizophrenic patients in order to overcome the resistance to pharmacotherapy and insulin.

Convulsive Therapy↗
PubMed1978

[Somatic therapy of endogenous psychoses (author's transl)].

In pursuit of the idea of the scientific concept of disease, the aim of somatic treatment of the endogenous psychotic patient should be a specific causal therapy without aggravating and therapeutically useless side effects. Modern psychopharmacotherapy approaches this requirement. Insulin coma therapy and psychosurgical procedures have rightly been abandoned. Electroconvulsive therapy, on the other hand, in certain indications and observing certain precautions is still applicable. Under the influence of ideological critics with no experience of the method, its dangers are immeasurable over-emphasized and its therapeutic efficacy underestimated.

Electroconvulsive Therapy↗
PubMed1979

[Psychopharmacotherapy of slowly progressive hypochondriacal schizophrenia].

The efficacy of psychopharmacological treatment modalities and comatose methods was studied in the therapy of patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia, the clinical picture of which was characterized by cenestho-hypochondriacal disturbances (155 cases). The use of high doses of neuroleptics, atropine and insulin comas in these cases were ineffective. A positive compliance to therapy was attained in the treatment by tranquilizers of the benzodiazepine series, especially by a parenteral administration. The best results were demonstrated in the treatment of pseudoneurotic hypochondria. The therapeutic reluctancy increased in the cenestho-algic syndrome and in the syndrome of "rigid" hypochondria. The most effective in these cases was a combined therapy by tranquilizers (parenteral administration) and small doses of neuroleptics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reactive hypoglycemic coma due to insulin autoimmune syndrome: case report and literature review.

Recurrent episodes of postprandial hypoglycemic symptoms culminated in hypoglycemic coma in a hypertensive but otherwise healthy man while he was taking hydralazine. The patient was found to have an extreme elevation in the immunoreactive insulin level, leading to the discovery of insulin antibodies in the absence of prior exposure to exogenous insulin. Negative results of an anatomic study of the pancreas and an inability to reproduce hypoglycemia during a prolonged fast helped to exclude insulinoma. In contrast, symptomatic hypoglycemia developed in response to oral glucose loading and was associated with an elevation in total and free insulin as well as C-peptide levels. The patient was diagnosed with insulin autoimmune syndrome, which, although a common source of hypoglycemia in Japan, has been well documented in only 15 cases from other countries. HLA typing revealed the patient to be positive for groups Cw4 and DR4, a combination that has been preliminarily associated with insulin autoimmune syndrome in Japan. Unlike the majority of cases previously reported, this patient had no clinical or serologic evidence of an underlying autoimmune disorder and had not been exposed to drugs containing sulfhydryl groups. This case adds to the world literature on insulin autoimmune syndrome, lends support to a postulated HLA association, and documents the presence of insulin autoantibodies in the absence of another underlying autoimmune disorder.

Adult↗