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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

The impact of oral disease among the institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Hong Kong.

The study aimed to describe and compare the psychosocial and functional impact of oral disease on the quality of life of the institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Hong Kong. A total of 268 institutionalized and 318 non-institutionalized elderly aged 60-80 years took part. The 49-statement Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) was administered in a structured interview format and sociodemographic information collected prior to a clinical, oral examination. A greater number of the institutionalized were edentulous (19%); they also had more untreated dental disease. The number of elderly reporting negative impacts was generally low. The percentage of institutionalized elderly reporting a negative impact was significantly lower in one of the OHIP subscales (handicap, P < 0.001) and similar in the other six. The main factors affecting the OHIP score were living location, socio-economic status, dental disease and treatment seeking behaviour. In conclusion, the psychosocial and functional impact of oral conditions was low and similar in the institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly although the pattern of oral disease was different. Life events and socially and culturally derived values appeared to affect the elderly perception of the impact of oral disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibody response to 1995-1996 influenza vaccine in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly women.

BACKGROUND: Concern about poor responsiveness to influenza vaccination by institutionalized elderly people. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether institutionalized elderly volunteers develop a significant antibody response following influenza vaccine and to compare this response with that of non-institutionalized subjects. METHODS: The haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody response after 1995-1996 influenza vaccination [A/Shangdong/9/93 (H3N2), A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1), B/Panama/45/90] was estimated in 80 elderly women living in a nursing home and compared with that of 51 non-institutionalized women. RESULTS: No differences were found in the prevaccination status, and, after vaccination, a significant humoral response was elicited both in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly subjects against all three influenza strains tested. The immune response of institutionalized patients was satisfactory and significantly higher than that observed in non-institutionalized women. These results were confirmed both by a separate analysis of homogeneous subgroups stratified according to the presence in the two cohorts of potential causes of differential antibody response (prevaccination antibody titre, age, long-term drug treatment, risk factors for influenza infection, and physical disability) and by logistic regression analysis in order to adjust immune responses for the different variables. CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination is effective in elderly people living in nursing homes. However, the postvaccination antibody response to influenza vaccine is influenced by different factors directly or indirectly related to residence.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

A study of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Herpesvirus hominis (types 1 and 2) antibody in institutionalized and non-institutionalized children.

In an attempt to demonstrate differences in antibody prevalence between free-living and institutionalized children, antibodies to Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Herpesvirus hominis (HVH), types 1 and 2, were assayed in 123 children. The children comprised three groups consisting of 41 institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome (all non-disjunctive trisomy-G karyotype and equal numbers of age-, sex-, and race-matched non-mongoloid institutionalized subjects and non-institutionalized normal controls. CMV antibody titer values were statistically similar in the three groups. However, fewer mongoloids (21.9%) were seropositive than other institutionalized retardates (39.0%) and normal control subjects (43.9%). Antibody titer values to EBV were also similar; however, in comparison to the other groups, significantly more mongoloids were seropositive at younger ages. More mongoloids were seropositive to HVH-1 and had higher antibody titers than the other two groups. Antibody to HVH-2 was more prevalent in institutionalized subjects, 85.4% in mongoloids and 65.8% in other institutionalized retardates, than in normal non-institutionalized children (26.8%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Differences in oral health status between institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults.

Differences in oral health status between independent and institutionalized adults have been difficult to interpret because the latter population is typically older and has a higher proportion of women, confounding any association between institutionalization and disease levels. We undertook an analysis of oral disease amongst institutionalized (n = 149) and non-institutionalized (n = 246) samples of older adults randomly selected from the population in East York, Ontario. When the confounding effects of age and gender were controlled by constructing 67 matched pairs, institutionalized people were more than twice as likely to be edentulous (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.09-4.29). This association was confirmed using data from all subjects in a logistic regression model. Analysis of covariance of data from dentate subjects revealed that the institutionalized seniors had fewer filled teeth (P less than 0.05, controlling for age and sex), but there were no statistically significant differences in the number of teeth which were missing, decayed, or requiring extraction. These findings suggest that antecedent, sociodemographic factors prior to institutionalization are responsible for the higher probability of oral disease in this group of older adults.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

[Nutritional characterization by anthropometrics of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly Venezuelan].

In order to evaluate nutritional status by anthropometry, a group of elderly (60 to 83 years old) was studied: 63 institutionalized and 37 non-institutionalized elderly from Valencia city, Venezuela. Weight, height, triceps skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured and the body mass index (weight/height2) was calculated. The average age for the institutionalized group was 77.3 +/- 7.5 years old and 69.5 +/- 7.6 years old for the free-living elderly group. Tricipital skinfold (TSF) and mid-arm circumference (MAC) means were within the normal reference range for both groups, without significant differences by sex. Body mass index (BMI) was higher in the institutionalized group. Lower BMI and MAC were found in older elderly (> or =80 y). According to the nutritional classification by BMI, 16% of nutritional deficit, 45% of normal status and 39.7% with of excess weight were found in institutionalized elderly; while in free-living elderly, prevalences were 8%, 62% and 29.7% respectively. Even though normal nutritional status was highly prevalent, institutionalized elderly showed higher prevalences of nutritional alterations (underweight and overweight).

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Biochemical evaluation of riboflavin and vitamin B6 status of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Central Kentucky.

A study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of riboflavin and vitamin B6 of the elderly in Central Kentucky. Elderly subjects aged 60 to 95, including 42 men and 77 women, were randomly selected: 41 from six nursing homes and 78 from private residences. Blood and urine samples were collected for analysis. Riboflavin and vitamin B6 status were assessed by using glutathione reductase activation coefficient and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activation coefficient, respectively. Glutathione reductase activation coefficients ranged from 0.88 to 1.89 with a mean +/- SD of 1.23 +/- 0.22, and were not significantly correlated with the urinary excretion of riboflavin. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activation coefficients ranged from 0.86 to 1.50 with a mean +/- SD of 1.16 +/- 0.14, and were negatively correlated with urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid. Riboflavin deficiency was found in 34.2 percent of the institutionalized and 27.7 percent of the non-institutionalized subjects, while vitamin B6 deficiency was found in 56.6 percent of the institutionalized and 43.5 percent of the non-institutionalized subjects studied. The institutionalized elderly showed significantly poorer riboflavin status (P less than 0.01) and vitamin B6 status (P less than 0.05) than the non-institutionalized elderly. Aging was associated with a significant decline in both riboflavin (P less than 0.01) and vitamin B6 status (P less than 0.05).

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Strengths and difficulties as correlates of attachment style in institutionalized and non-institutionalized children with below-average intellectual abilities.

The current study examined attachment style, strengths, and difficulties in institutionalized and non-institutionalized children with below-average intellectual abilities. Parents/caregivers and teachers of the children completed a brief measure of attachment style and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, which assesses the most important domains of child psychopathology (i.e., emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention, and peer problems) as well as personal strengths (i.e., prosocial behavior). Results indicated that institutionalized children were more frequently insecurely attached and generally displayed higher levels of difficulties and lower levels of strengths than non-institutionalized children. Furthermore, within both groups of children, insecure attachment status was linked to higher levels of difficulties but lower levels of strengths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Intra-oral findings and general health conditions among institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Greece.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to record the findings from intra-oral examination and the general health conditions encountered in a group of Greek individuals 65 years of age or older. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study subjects were derived from the elderly attending 12 randomly selected community centres located in Athens and neighbouring municipalities, consisting the non-institutionalized study group and from the elderly living in three ecclesiastical nursing homes, consisting the institutionalized study group. The research data comprised information from the subjects' interviews, self-defined health status, medical records and intra-oral examination on the following variables: sex, age, general health condition, dentate or not, use of dentures and oral conditions. Fisher's exact two-sided test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 316 patients were examined; 120 male (38%), 196 female (62%), mean age 78 years (range: 65-99). Of those, 150 were non-institutionalized (59 male, 91 female) and 166 institutionalized (61 male and 105 female). The vast majority (90%) of the patients had at least one general health problem, for which they were taking daily medication. Twenty-three different medical conditions were recorded. The most frequent medical problems were hypertension (56%), cardiovascular problems (41%), depression/anxiety (39%), arthritis (18.5%) and visual problems (16%). The vast majority of the study patients (79%) were edentulous, while 33% were not wearing or using their dentures. Almost half of them (47%) had at least one oral condition. Twenty-seven different oral conditions were recorded. The most frequent oral findings were denture-induced stomatitis (17.2%), dry mouth (14.6%), atrophy of tongue papillae (10.5%), fissured tongue (9.8%) and haemangioma (6.8%). No cases of malignant lesions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that in this particular age group, general health problems are frequent, variable, coexistent, necessitating the daily administration of multiple medications, while oral examination by a specialist is an essential part of the multidisciplinary medical care in this group of individuals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

The comparative effectiveness among institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly people in Taiwan of reminiscence therapy as a psychological measure.

This study examined the comparative effects of reminiscence on self-esteem, self-health perception, depressive symptoms, and mood status of elderly people residing in long-term care facilities and at home. A quasi-experimental design was conducted, using pre-intervention and post-intervention tests and purposive sampling. Rosenberg ' s Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Health Perception Scale (HPS), Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF), and Apparent Emotion Rating Scale (AER) were used as study instruments. Each subject was administered pre- and post-experimental tests at a four month interval and all subjects underwent weekly individual reminiscence intervention. Forty-eight subjects completed the study, with 25 institutionalized elderly people and 23 non-institutionalized home-based elderly people. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were conducted to measure the differences in variable means between and within groups. A significant difference was found between groups in mood status post-test (t = 5.96, p <.001) and significant differences were noted in self-health perception, depressive symptoms, and mood status (t = -2.56, 2.83, -3.02; p =.018,.009,.007) between the pre- and post-intervention tests in the institutionalized group. These results suggest that reminiscence therapy is especially appropriate for older people who reside in care facilities. Implementing strategies that enrich the lives of elderly people residing in long-term cares is crucial, and reminiscence offers a method for promoting healthy aging.

Affect↗
PubMed2006

[Personal control of care provision and functional performance of non-institutionalized and institutionalized elderly].

The present study is part of a broader investigation on the effects of living in a home for the elderly on functional performance and opportunities for successful aging. Functional performance is defined as the daily activities people actually execute in the domains of housekeeping, self-care, and leisure and social activity. In this first study, a comparison was made between community dwelling elderly and aged people living in an institution, in order to investigate the effect of living in an institution on functional performance (FP) in different domains and on personal control (PC) of the received care. The data were gathered in a structured interview, administered to 74 non-institutionalized and 79 institutionalized elderly, aged 71 to 97 years, living in Flanders. We found institutionalized elderly to be less active in every domain of functioning and experiencing less control of the received care. Significant negative correlations between age, FP and PC were only found in the sample of community-dwellers. It seems that in homes for the elderly, care is provided in a package about which the residents have minimal control, which leads to a homogenisation of daily functioning in the institution.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

[Comparative study of institutionalized and non-institutionalized nonagenarians].

BACKGROUND: The 1992 census showed that 10,470 people over 90 years old lived in Santiago and we do not have information about their general medical status. AIM: To evaluate and compare quality of life and functional status of free living and institutionalized nonagenarians in Santiago. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During 24 months, 241 people of 90 years or older were interviewed. One hundred twenty seven (96 female) lived in their own homes and 114 (108 female) lived in institutions. The geriatric evaluation scale, validated in previous studies, was used as the assessment instrument. RESULTS: Mean age of subjects was 94 years old (range 90 to 106). Eight percent of subjects were bedridden. No differences in general condition, fecal or urinary continence, nutritional status, blood pressure, cognition, sight and hearing acuity, were observed between free living and institutionalized subjects. Free living elders had a significantly higher number of brothers or offspring and 90% were happy with the place where they lived. CONCLUSIONS: Most nonagenarians in Santiago are in good general medical conditions. Probably, the decision to become institutionalized depends more on lack of family support than on worse medical, functional or mental conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Institutionalized and the non-institutionalized elderly.

A survey covering all the elderly over 65 years of age at home and in institutions was made in a rural town of Japan in order to reveal the physical and socio-psychological factors which were related to their current placement status. The proportion of those over 65 in this town is 13%, of which 53% are living either alone or with spouse only, which anticipates the future national trend. Of the 3039 enumerated, 6.0% were hospitalized, 1.5% in the Home for the aged and only one in a Nursing home. As the level of disability became more serious, the proportion institutionalized increased; however, even at the severe level only half were in institutions. This situation could only be understood when the family caring capacity was taken into consideration. Those at home had a greater possibility of having a healthy, not employed caring person. Economic factors were relevant only for the Home for the aged subjects. At the same disability level, the family of the institutionalized expressed a greater subjective burden in caring compared with those at home. A tentative criteria for evaluating institutional care need based on the level of disability and family caring capacity is proposed.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Parotid salivary immunoglobulins, recurrent respiratory tract infections and gingival health in institutionalized and non-institutionalized subjects with Down's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible correlation between recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs), gingival health and the secretion rates of salivary immunoglobulins (Igs) in institutionalized (I) and non-institutionalized (NI) individuals with Down's syndrome (DS). METHODS: Stimulated parotid saliva was collected from nine I and 14 NI subjects with DS. Salivary flow rate, secretion rates of total salivary IgM, IgG and IgA, and the incidence of RRIs were determined. Gingival health was recorded by using the plaque index, the gingival index and the percentage of bleeding surfaces (BS). RESULTS: The mean salivary flow rate and parotid Ig secretion rates in the I group were 25% of those of the NI group. The prevalence of RRIs in the I group was more than twice that in the NI group. Oral hygiene and gingival health were significantly better in the NI group. CONCLUSIONS: The lower parotid Ig secretion rates in I individuals with DS might be a possible factor involved in their susceptibility to recurrent infections compared to NI subjects with DS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Institutionalization and psychological suffering: notes on the mental health of institutionalized adolescents in Brazil.

This article examines the relationship between the institutionalization of needy children and adolescents and the resulting psychological suffering. Individuals who have been institutionalized for long periods suffer from increased fragility in psychological structure, becoming more vulnerable and at risk as a direct consequence of the treatment they receive in such institutions. The work described here is part of the Research Program on Adolescents, Mental Health and Culture, which is being conducted at the Child and Youth Care and Rehabilitation Center at the Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil (CARIM/IPUB/UFRJ).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Implications of access, utilization and need for oral health care by the non-institutionalized and institutionalized elderly on the dental delivery system.

Oral health is integral to an older adult's general health and quality of life, and basic oral health services are an essential component of primary health care. The elderly should receive special consideration in terms of their oral health care needs since they: 1) may have unique problems accessing the health care delivery system; 2) experience different patterns and prevalence rates of oral diseases; and 3) may have characteristics that affect the amount and types of dental treatment and the method by which it is performed. Older adults are maintaining their natural teeth into their later years, and epidemiologic trends suggest the increasing need for dental services by older adults. Yet dental utilization rates are lower for older adults than for younger age groups, and barriers to care include the cost of dental care, the lack of perceived need for care, transportation problems, and fear. Oral diseases and impairments are most commonly experienced by those segments of society least able to obtain dental care. Economically and socially disadvantaged older adults and the physically impaired are more likely to experience tooth loss and edentulism, untreated dental decay and periodontal diseases. Adults over the age of 65 years have the lowest proportion of dental expenses reimbursed by private dental insurance (10 percent), and the highest percentage of out-of-pocket dental expenses (79 percent), as compared to all other age groups. Of the two largest public programs, Medicare does not pay for most dental services, and Medicaid (Title XIX), does not offer dental benefits for adults in most states. Although the majority of older adults live independently in the community, there is a growing number of elders with special needs that require long term care either at home or in an institution. These frail and functionally dependent elders have significant dental needs, and experience greater barriers to receiving dental care as compared to the independent elderly. Additional research is needed to accurately characterize the oral health status and needs of the growing number of homebound and institutionalized elders. This will be of growing importance with the emergence of the vast array of home health care services available to older adults, and the changing emphasis on home care often seen as the preferred and lower cost alternative to nursing home care.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vitamin C status of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Central Kentucky.

A survey of 139 elderly volunteers between 60 and 90 years of age was conducted to determine their vitamin C status and to investigate possible relationships between the plasma vitamin C level, the participant's age, sex, and institutionalization status. When the participants' vitamin C levels were compared by age groups (60-70, 71-80, 81-90) and sex, no significant differences were found. Higher (P<0.01) mean total and reduced plasma vitamin C levels were found in those subjects living on their own, when compared to nursing home residents. No vitamin C deficiency levels were found in the elderly population studied, although several were considered borderline.

Journal Article↗