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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Resident-care practices in institutions for retarded persons: a cross-institutional, cross-cultural study.

Institution-oriented and resident-oriented care practices for institutionalized retarded persons investigated in 166 Living units in 19 institutions in the United States and 11 institutions in a Scandinavian country. Living units in the Scandinavian country were found to be more resident-oriented than those in the United States. Large central institutions were characterized by the most institution-oriented care practices, group homes by the most resident-oriented practices, with large and small regional centers falling between these extremes. Within types of institution, care practices were generally homogeneous. Living units for more severely retarded residents were characterized by more institution-oriented practices. Large living-unit size was found to be predictive of institution-oriented practices while cost/resident/day, number of aides/resident, and number of professional staff/resident did not predict care practices. Characteristics of the Child Management Inventory were also examined.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Mexican-American views of Anglo medical and dietetic practices.

Institutions involved in health care delivery and foodservice to a population with large ethnic communities might increase their effectiveness if they knew the possible influences of the folklore or local customs of these groups on the attitudes of their patients. The observations and survey of Spanish-speaking patients by the Department of Food Services at the University of Arizona Health Science Center should be a stimulus for further study of ethnic groups by health professionals.

Arizona↗
PubMed1975

Implications of certificate of need legislation for institutional pharmacy practice.

Federal certificate of need legislation (Section 1122 of Public Law 92-603)aimed at the elimination of costly, duplicative or unneeded health care expenditures is discussed. This law applies only to institutional providers receiving federal reimbursements. The key issues for pharmacy are that proposed substantial changes in service and capital expenditures of $100,000 or more must be justified to local and state comprehensive planning agencies prior to implentation. Failure to comply with the legislation can result in a reduction or withholding of federal reimbursement.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing infrequent cancer screening among women.

National health policies must be revised to support basic health services for all Americans, a breadth of cost-effective health practitioners, and a system that provides comprehensive, coordinated care in decentralized locations. State and local advocacy groups should increase consumers and policy-makers awareness about inadequate cancer screening. Educational institutions should address cancer prevention for practitioners in training. Practice institutions should employ nurses and nurse practitioners more effectively, as well as institute computerized feed-back and reminder systems. More rigorous research on the effect of educational messages on client beliefs, affect, and screening behavior are needed to guide interventions for cancer control.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The importance of side effects and outcomes in differentiating between prescription drug products.

This study determined the importance of side effects and outcomes (i.e. the control of disease, convenient dosing and cost) in physicians' differentiation of drug products used to treat hypertension, allergic rhinitis, and gastroesophageal reflux. In addition, the study examined whether the importance of particular characteristics attributed to a drug varied with the practice setting. The multiattribute attitude model was used as a framework to examine physicians' perceptions of the importance and the probability of occurrence of specified side effects, results and their prescription intentions. Two groups of physicians were interviewed to identify determinant side effects and results. A questionnaire was used to obtain data by post from a random sample of 2,400 physicians in four types of practices: solo practice, group practice, institution and government (n = 527, 22% response). The findings indicate that the perceived likelihood of occurrence of side effects and results differed with the drug products but did not differ with the type of practice. Practice setting, however, was found to have a significant effect on intention to prescribe. Physicians in each setting differed in their intentions to prescribe certain studied drugs. Finally, physicians in the four settings were found to be similar in their ranking of the importance of particular characteristics of the drug. The control of disease was the most important result in all three scenarios, followed by individual side effects.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

Environmental health and safety concerns and energy conservation practices in academic institutions and hospitals.

Although there are many energy conservation practices which are now being applied in hospitals and academic institutions, there well be additional pressures for even further reductions in such energy use in the near future. In many instances, these reductions in energy use can be done within existing standards and do not endanger the health of persons who reside within these institutions. However, this paper highlights the fact that over-eager attempts at energy reduction may result in adverse effects on patients, students, staff, research programs, or the general public. For this reason, it is important for persons making decisions regarding energy conservation practices to be aware of these potential adverse effects and design energy conservation programs accordingly.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1978

Perceived benefits of the Pharm.D. as a second pharmacy degree.

The perceived benefits of the Pharm.D. as a second degree was studied among pharmacists who earned the degree after the B.S. degree in pharmacy. A questionnaire was mailed to post-B.S. Pharm.D. recipients who graduated after 1968. The 224 pharmacists (72%) who responded represented 54 baccalaurate and 12 Pharm.D. programs. Sixty-seven percent had gained hospital practice experience prior to returning to school for their Pharm.D. degree. The data did not show "job dissatisfaction" to be a major factor prompting pursuit of the Pharm.D. Most initially sought the advanced degree in an attempt to gain greater patient involvement (43%). In 10 years, 51% hope to have attained some kind of administrative position, 15% desire to have combined clinical and administrative responsibilities, while 37% prefer a purely clinical position. Thirty-four percent would like to have a position in education. Most respondents in institutional practice (59.4%) and education (88.6%) felt they would not have their present position without the Pharm.D. degree. Fifty-nine percent receive an annual salary greater than $21,000 including fringe benefits. Most pharmacists who earned a post-B.S. Pharm.D. degree believe they have benefited from their advanced professional degree, both in job responsibilities and salary.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2026

Exploring the perceptions, experiences, and behaviours that nurses and midwives face in relation to sleep: A systematic review of qualitative evidence.

BACKGROUND: The importance of sleep for nurses and midwives is increasingly being recognised. Poor sleep is known to have negative impacts on physical health, mental wellbeing, and work performance. This has prompted efforts to promote and support staff sleep. However, further efforts are needed to understand how nurses and midwives consider and manage sleep to ensure that meaningful and effective interventions are adopted and sustained. AIMS: This review of qualitative evidence aims to examine nurses' and midwives' perceptions, experiences, and behaviours around sleep. METHODS: This review followed JBI's systematic meta-aggregative approach including development of an a priori protocol. A systematic search of six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus) was undertaken to identify qualitative studies that examine nurses' and midwives' perceptions, experiences, and behaviours related to sleep. The search was conducted on the 10th of October 2024. Study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis followed JBI approaches and the ConQual approach was used to report assessment of synthesised findings. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies were included for review, and 245 findings were aggregated into 24 categories and nine synthesised findings related to the perceptions, behaviours, and experiences. While sleep was perceived as important, poor sleep was often understood as an expected and inevitable part of the job and that there was a need to always be awake to provide continual care. Experiences influencing sleep related to personal circumstances and work-related factors, as well as professional training and institutional practices. A range of behaviours, including planning time to sleep, using sleep aids, modifying the sleep environment, and altering daytime behaviours were also described. CONCLUSION: This review identified a range of perceptions, behaviours, and experiences that may influence the sleep of nurses and midwives which are vital to supporting individual and workforce wellbeing and safe, effective clinical practice. Insights from this review can be used to better understand nurses' and midwives' relationship with sleep and to develop and enhance targeted sleep interventions and programs that aim to promote and support healthy sleep among nurses and midwives. Open Science Framework Registration: 10.17605/OSF.IO/F32UM.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Comparison of deep and nondeep hypothermia in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) remains a cornerstone technique for neuroprotection and end-organ preservation during ascending aorta and arch surgeries. However, its benefits and risks compared with non-DHCA strategies in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair are uncertain owing to conflicting evidence and variable institutional practices. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and Cochrane guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for comparative studies evaluating DHCA and non-DHCA techniques for open thoracic and TAAA repair. Random-effects models were applied to calculate pooled effect estimates. Effect sizes were risk ratio (RR) for binary end points and mean difference for continuous end points, both with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Between-study heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 statistic. Metaregression analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Nine observational studies, including 1041 patients, were analyzed. DHCA use was associated with a significantly lower risk of spinal cord injury (RR, 0.44; P = .012) compared with non-DHCA. However, DHCA was also associated with prolonged postoperative ventilation time (RR, 1.34; P = .003). No significant differences were observed in overall mortality, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, stroke, or renal complications. Metaregression identified patient age as a moderator of length of stay variability, with older cohorts demonstrating longer recovery periods. CONCLUSIONS: DHCA is associated with a lower risk of spinal cord injury during TAAA repair without increasing mortality or stroke risk, although it is associated with longer ventilation times.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of sperm with two fluorescent bodies in men with impaired fertility.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the two fluorescent body (2FLB) frequency in males with impaired fertility. DESIGN: Males of couples were evaluated along with their female partners for reproductive function. They were classified as having the potential for fertility (control group) or as infertile (test group). This was based on the evaluation of both members of the couple. Semen parameters were determined and analyzed for differences among diagnostic groups. SETTING: The setting was clinical secondary care in both private and institutional practice. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: The study population was composed of males of couples who were being evaluated for infertility. Classification as to reproductive potential and categories of abnormality was based on measurement of semen parameters and clinical judgment. INTERVENTIONS: Semen specimens were obtained and analyzed from 78 control and 93 test subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Semen parameters including volume, sperm count, sperm motility, percent morphologically abnormal sperm, and percent of quinacrine-stained sperm containing zero, one, or two FLBs were determined. RESULTS: The test group was found to have a 2FLB frequency that was significantly different from that of the control group. The data were then analyzed for significant differences in 2FLB frequencies in subpopulations. When subjects from all diagnostic subgroups that included varicocele were compared with the controls, the 2FLB frequency was significantly elevated (median percent of 2FLB was 1.2 versus 0.7). The 2FLB frequency in the remaining diagnostic groups was not elevated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of an elevated 2FLB frequency associated with a biological abnormality. The cause of the elevated 2FLB frequency is not known. However, other anomalies that have been identified in varicocele patients have been associated with elevated intrascrotal temperatures. There are data available that associates elevated temperature with aneuploidy in mouse oocytes.

Humans↗