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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Fertilization and ovum recovery rates in superovulated ewes following cervical insemination or laparoscopic intrauterine insemination at different times after progestagen withdrawal and in one or both uterine horns.

In Exp. 1, 40 ewes were used in a 2 x 2 factorial design to investigate the effects of intrauterine versus cervical insemination and superovulation using pig FSH or PMSG and GnRH on egg recovery and fertilization rate. Cervical inseminations were carried out at 48 and 60 h (N = 20 ewes) and intrauterine insemination at 52 h (N = 20 ewes) after progestagen pessary withdrawal. Eggs were recovered on Day 3 of the oestrous cycle. Ovulation, egg recovery and fertilization rates were independent of the type of superovulatory hormone used. Fertilization rate was high irrespective of insemination site but intrauterine insemination at 52 h was associated with a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in egg recovery of over 40% compared with cervically inseminated ewes. In Exp. 2 ewes were inseminated at 36 (N = 5), 48 (N = 6) or 60 (N = 6) h after pessary withdrawal to determine the optimum intrauterine insemination time to maximize both fertilization rate and egg recovery. Egg recovery per ewe flushed was 23, 59 and 67% after intrauterine insemination at 36, 48 and 60 h respectively. Correspondingly, 0, 85 and 100% of the eggs recovered were fertilized. The results of Exps 1 and 2 suggest that when intrauterine insemination occurs before or during ovulation it interferes with oocyte collection by the fimbria. In Exp. 3 egg recovery and fertilization rates were determined after cervical insemination at 48 and 60 h (N = 8) or intrauterine insemination at 48 (N = 9) or 60 (N = 8) h after progestagen withdrawal. Ewes in the last two groups were subdivided and inseminated unilaterally or bilaterally. Egg recovery was high after cervical insemination (95%) but only 36% of these eggs were fertilized. Unilateral intrauterine insemination was as effective as bilateral in ensuring high fertilization rates (100 versus 97%). Intrauterine insemination at 48 h compared with 60 h resulted in a significantly lower (P less than 0.05) percentage of eggs recovered (42 versus 90% respectively). However, reducing the degree of interference by adopting unilateral rather than bilateral insemination did not alleviate the detrimental effects of the 48-h insemination time on egg recovery. From these results we advocate the adoption of intrauterine insemination at 60 h after progestagen withdrawal to maximize fertilization rate and egg recovery in superovulated ewes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Radiographic evaluation of bovine artificial inseminating technique among professional and herdsman-inseminators using .5- and .25-ml French straws.

Using radiography, inseminating syringe tip location and inseminate distribution in excised bovine reproductive tracts were described for 20 professional and 20 herdsman-inseminators using .5- and .25-ml French straws. Inseminations (20 by each participant) were performed in tracts placed on a device that stimulated the anatomical position of the reproductive organs in vivo. A computer-coupled graphics information digitizer was used to quantitate the precise location of the syringe tip and to estimate the distribution of radiopaque inseminate within the tract from each pair of radiographs. Neither category of inseminator (professional or herdsman) nor volume of inseminate (.5 vs .25 ml) influenced (P greater than .05) syringe tip placement or subsequent distribution of the radiopaque inseminate within the tract. The proportion of syringe tip placements in various anatomical locations (586 attempts) were: uterine body, 39%; cervix, 25%; left uterine lumen, 13% and right uterine lumen, 23%. The variability among inseminators was high, with the ability to position the syringe tip in the uterine body ranging from 0 to 85% of the 20 attempts. Among all inseminators, 82% were unable to place the syringe in the uterine body greater than 60% of the time. When averaged across all inseminations (n = 666), 40% of the inseminate was located in the uterine body and(or) equally distributed in the uterine lumina. The remainder of the inseminate was located in the cervix (17%) or disproportionately in one uterine lumen (43%). Syringe tip placement in the uterine body was correlated (r = .73; P less than .05) with the proportion of inseminate located in the uterine body and(or) equally distributed to the lumen of both uterine horns. Measurements of various anatomical components of the reproductive tract were made from the first radiograph. The means were: cervical diameter, 5.9 cm; length from internal cervical os to external uterine bifurcation, 16.4 cm; uterine body length, 1.7 cm and uterine body surface area, 3.6 cm2. There was no relationship between the palpable anatomical components and uterine body size.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Artificial insemination of Cashmere goats: effects on fertility and fecundity of intravaginal treatment, method and time of insemination, semen freezing process, number of motile spermatozoa and age of females.

The experiments, using a total of 1833 Cashmere does, were conducted to examine the effects on fertility and fecundity of intravaginal treatment for control of ovulation, time of insemination by cervical and laparoscopic methods, semen processing in pellets and straws, and number of frozen-thawed motile spermatozoa. Adult does (greater than or equal to 2.5 years) that had previously kidded were inseminated into the cervix, and maiden (kid: 6-8 months; hogget: 18 months) and adult does were inseminated laparoscopically. The rates of pregnancy determined by ultrasonic scanning (75-80 days after insemination) for cervical (Experiment 1) and laparoscopic (Experiments 2 and 3) insemination were 39.1%, 63.6% and 52.1%. The number of motile spermatozoa did not affect fertility after cervical (80, 120 and 160 x 10(6) or laparoscopic (Experiment 2: 15, 30 and 60 x 10(6); Experiment 3:5, 10 and 20 x 10(6) insemination. The method of insemination or number of motile spermatozoa did not affect fecundity. With cervical insemination, fertility and fecundity improved with increasing depth of insemination into the reproductive tract. Intravaginal sponges containing fluorogestone acetate and controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices containing progesterone were equally effective for control of ovulation when combined with an injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG; 200 i.u.) before insemination. Fertility was higher when does were inseminated before than after ovulation. After laparoscopic insemination, results were similar for semen frozen as pellets and in straws, and for 3-, 6- and 24-fold pre-freezing dilution of semen. For kid, hogget and adult does in Experiment 3, pregnancy rates were 34.0%, 55.4% and 63.9% and rates of fecundity were 1.17, 1.22 and 1.27 fetuses/pregnant doe.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1985

[The effect of the microclimate in the insemination facility on conception in sows after the first insemination].

In the course of the year, the temperature and relative humidity of the insemination hall of a large pig farm were studied in ten three-week periods. The results were compared with the conception rate of sows inseminated in these periods. The macroclimatic conditions were also studied, and the influence of macroclimate (including temperature and relative humidity) on the microclimate of insemination hall was evaluated. The studied microclimate parameters were found to influence the conception of sows in the first three weeks after insemination. Highly significant differences (significance level of alpha = 0.01) were recorded in the conception of sows after the first insemination, in the occurrence of optimum and increased temperatures, in the occurrence of optimum and increased relative humidity in the summer and winter months. A significant difference at the significance level of alpha = 0.05 was found when the occurrence of increased relative humidity was compared. A high temperature was recorded only in the summer months. In summer and in the first half of autumn (from the 9th of June to the 13th of October) when increased to high temperatures and increased to high relative humidity prevailed in the insemination hall (optimum temperature only in 2.0 to 23.3% of the period; optimum relative humidity in 11.1 to 50.0% of the period), the sow conception rate after the first insemination was low (45.5 to 49.7%). In autumn the microclimatic conditions in the insemination hall returned to the optimum. From the 4th of November to the 16th of February the optimum temperature (optimum in 71.6 to 89.7% of the period) and optimum relative humidity (optimum in 74.2 to 90.7% of the period) prevailed in the insemination hall, enabling an improvement in the conception of sows after the first insemination (71.4 to 80.1%). The temperature inside the insemination hall was influenced by changes in outside temperatures whereas the relative humidity inside the insemination hall was influenced mainly by internal factors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Artificial insemination in pigs: study of conception conditions with use of 2 inseminations in heat with about 24 hours interval].

140 sows and gilts of Danish Landrace were inseminated twice per heat with an interval of approximately 24 hours. Half of the females had their first insemination with semen of Danish Landrace and their second insemination with semen of Yorkshire, the other half vice versa. 114 females became pregnant. At farrowing the number of offspring of Danish Landrace and/or Danish Landrace X Yorkshire per sow/gilt was registrated. The results have been set out in tables I and II, from which it can be seen, that 59% conceived only after first insemination, 18% only after second insemination and 23% after both first and second insemination. In the last group 52% of the offspring were from the first insemination and 48% from the second insemination. In the sows no increase in av. litter size after two inseminations was found. The results are discussed and apparent discrepancy with earlier results is explained with a presumbably existing competition in the female genital tract between sperms from two inseminations at different times in the heat, resulting in ageing of the first inseminated sperms.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intrauterine insemination outperforms intracervical insemination in a randomized, controlled study with frozen, donor semen.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in a donor insemination program. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Donor insemination program. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Women undergoing insemination were randomly assigned to receive either IUI or intracervical insemination for a maximum of six cycles. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cycle fecundity rates between the two routes were compared. RESULTS: The monthly fecundity rate for intracervical insemination was 5.1% compared with 23% by IUI. By life table analysis, pregnancy rates for IUI were significantly higher than intracervical insemination (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Intrauterine insemination with quarantined donor sperm is superior to intracervical insemination.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1979

The influence of insemination timing and semen characteristics on the efficiency of a donor insemination program.

The analysis of accumulated data from conceptional and nonconceptional ovulatory menstrual cycles of patients undertaking artificial donor insemination has allowed some observations to be made on the practical aspects which may influence the efficiency of the program. The evidence suggests that with the use of preserved semen, accurate timing of insemination is essential, and that days 0 and +1 with respect to the luteinizing hormone surge appear to be advantageous as compared with closely related days. When the numbers of motile spermatozoa which were inseminated over a critical 4-day interval were analyzed, the results also suggested that improved conception rates occurred when larger numbers of active spermatozoa were used. A comparison was made between those patients who had been inseminated on a single occasion and those inseminated on more than one occasion during the periovulatory period. The results obtained from those cycles inseminated on a single occasion were inferior to those obtained from cycles inseminated more than once. Finally, some limited comparison is drawn between the established insemination programs of bovine husbandry and the relatively inefficient human experience. One explanation may lie in the wider spectrum of donor semen desirable for the human programs.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1988

Therapeutic donor insemination: the impact of insemination timing with the aid of a urinary luteinizing hormone immunoassay.

The records of 120 patients undergoing therapeutic donor insemination were reviewed to determine if the use of the enzyme immunoassay of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) to plan inseminations decreased the number of cycles required to achieve conception. All inseminations were performed with fresh semen. Patients in group 1 (n = 26) utilized urinary LH testing in addition to basal body temperature (BBT) and cervical mucus examinations to time their inseminations, while inseminations in group 2 (n = 94) were timed with only BBT and cervical mucus examinations. The monthly fecundability of patients in group 1 was 0.13, whereas the monthly fecundability of patients in group 2 was 0.11. The mean number of inseminations was 1.4 and 1.6 per cycle for groups 1 and 2, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 in regard to the number of cycles required to achieve conception. The use of a urinary LH immunoassay for insemination timing offers no benefit over conventional methods of timing (BBT, cervical mucus) when fresh donor semen is used.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of initial insemination and insemination interval on fertility in turkey hens.

Large White turkey hens were used to observe fertility through a 20-week laying cycle (31 to 51 weeks of age), following early initial inseminations (EI) and late initial inseminations (LI). Early initial inseminations were made on Days 13 and 15 following photostimulation with subsequent artificial insemination (AI) every 7 (EI + 7) or 14 (EI + 14) days. Late initial inseminations were made on Days 20 and 22 postlighting with subsequent AI every 7 (LI + 7) or 14 (LI + 14) days. Percent of egg production, fertility, and hatch of fertile eggs were measured following the initial AI in each treatment. No significant differences in egg production were seen between treatments. Percent of fertility was greatest in Weeks 6 to 20 with 7-day AI intervals as compared to 14-day intervals. Early inseminations resulted in higher fertility than LI with 14-day AI intervals, but no difference was observed with 7-day intervals. Greater fertility in EI + 14 hens through 20 weeks of egg production, as compared to LI + 14 hens, seems to lend further support to the concept of enhanced oviduct receptiveness to spermatozoa before egg production commences.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sperm numbers per insemination following early or late initial inseminations in turkeys.

Large White turkey hens were used in this study to investigate sperm storage in the hen throughout a 20-week breeding cycle. Hens were initially inseminated early or late and subsequently at 7-day intervals with either 20, 50, or 100 million sperm each time. Early inseminations (EI) were performed on Days 14 and 17 postlighting, and the late inseminations (LI) were performed on Days 21 and 24 postlighting. Fertility (percent) was calculated weekly for 20 weeks following the second initial insemination in each group. Fertility was greatest in EI hens for the 20-week period; the largest difference occurred between EI and LI treatments of the 50 million sperm/insemination group. A significant interaction was observed between time of initial insemination and sperm numbers per insemination. Overall fertility was improved with each increase in sperm numbers/insemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Control of fertility outcome in artificially inseminated gilts and old sows. 2: Addition of oxytocin to boar semen. Its effect on length of insemination, pregnancy rate and litter size].

Toleration-oriented insemination was applied to 1,373 oestrous sows that had undergone bio-engineering treatment, with two insemination portions having been used for each oestrous. Five International Units of oxytocin were added immediately before insemination proper to the semen applied to 315 gilts and 377 old sows. The control group included 296 gilts and 385 old sows inseminated in parallel. Semen intake, on average, was complete between four and eight minutes with the majority of gilts and between four and seven minutes with most of the old sows, but no evidence was obtained as to any action of the oxytoxin upon intake intensity. The treated gilts were superior to the controls by 6.3 per cent in pregnancy rate and by 56 born piglets to each 100 first inseminations. Superiority, consequently, was significant. In both gilts and old sows added oxytocin prolonged insemination by more than five minutes and gave clearly better fertility results.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Artificial insemination: a comparison of pregnancy rates with intrauterine versus cervical insemination and washed sperm versus serum swim-up sperm preparations.

A four-cycle artificial insemination protocol was undertaken, with luteinizing hormone (LH) timing, to compare washed sperm and serum swim-up sperm preparations and cervical and intrauterine insemination. Of the 75 patients entered into the protocol series, 63 finished all 4 cycles. During the treatment period, 24 patients became pregnant, 20 of whom were donor (AID) pregnancies (out of 52 patients) and 4 were husband (AIH) pregnancies (out of 11 patients). Seventy-five percent of the pregnancies were intrauterine, whereas only 25% were from cervical inseminations. Sixty-two percent of the pregnancies were due to serum swim-up sperm preparations, and 38% were due to washed sperm preparations. The data indicate substantially higher pregnancy rates can be obtained with intrauterine insemination and suggest that additional studies are necessary to determine if the method of sperm preparation significantly influences pregnancy rates.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1975

Effect of timing of insemination, numbers of spermatozoa and extender components on the pregnancy rate in mares inseminated with frozen stallion semen.

Fertilization rate was highest in mares inseminated with frozen semen within 12 hr of ovulation. Foaling rate was improved (P less than 0-05) by increasing the number of motile spermatozoa inseminated from 40 X 10(6) to 80 X 10(6) but was not further improved by increasing the number to 160 X 10(6) or by increasing the frequency of insemination from once to twice daily. The fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa frozen in one of the hydrogen ion extenders studied was dependent upon relative osmotic pressure and method of freezing (ampoules or pellets). Adjusting glycerol concentration from 7% to 2%, addition of glycerol 15 min before freezing and freezing 2 hr after extension all enhanced the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Pregnancy rate per mare service period was higher (P less than 0-01) for mares inseminated with unextended semen (75%) than for extended semen containing no glycerol (50%) or extended semen containing 7% glycerol (35%). Although wide variability in the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa from individual stallions was observed when semen was extended or extended and frozen, pregnancy rate was depressed in all stallions. It was concluded, therefore, that hydrogen ion extenders depress fertilizing capacity of stallion spermatozoa immediately after extension and show little promise as semen extenders for short- or long-term storage of stallion semen.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of intrauterine insemination, intracervical insemination, and timed intercourse in women treated with human menopausal gonadotropin.

The effects of intrauterine insemination (IUI), intracervical insemination (ICI), and timed intercourse (TI) in women who were treated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for anovulation were evaluated. The pregnancy rates per cycle following IUI (70 cycles), ICI (62 cycles) and TI (158 cycles) were 20%, 9.6%, and 17.7%, respectively; these differences are not statistically significant. The abortion rate and the multiple pregnancy rate were also not significantly different. This report suggests that in women who are undergoing treatment with hMG, there is no added benefit from artificial insemination (either intrauterine or intracervical insemination) over timed intercourse.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Daily insemination with cryopreserved donor semen is more effective than alternate-day insemination.

A group of 177 consecutive treatment series using daily insemination has been compared with 211 consecutive treatment series using alternate-day insemination. The incidence of female infertility factors, the dropout rate per cycle, and the pregnancy rate per cycle were compared. No significant differences in distribution of female infertility factors or dropout rate were found. In contrast, the pregnancy rate by life-table analysis was significantly different between the two groups, the average monthly fecundability being 1.6 times as high in the daily insemination group. It is argued that after insemination, cryopreserved semen retains its fertilizing capacity no longer than 24 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Studies on the success of insemination after various insemination dates in biotechnical puberty induction of young sows].

Different frequencies and periods of insemination were checked with the view to optimising puberty induction to young sows, for which purpose 500 IU PMS/250 IU HCG were injected to 571 animals in seven experiments. Insemination was carried out by deadline, since follicle stimulation was exhibited by almost all animals following the above treatment, while only some of them displayed tolerance. Advantage was taken of the induced oestrus, since its ovulation rates were higher than those associated with subsequent heat cycles, and because a synchronised second oestrus was recordable only from some of those animals which exhibited follicle stimulation in response to puberty induction. The most favourable results in terms of pregnancy and number of embryoes, against the background of the great variability in ovulation onset, were obtained, if insemination was applied 72, 96, and 120 hours after gonadotrophin treatment. From among the variants with two inseminations, good results were obtained from those 96 and 120 hours after PMS/HCG treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effect of consecutive day inseminations on semen characteristics in an intrauterine insemination program.

This study demonstrates a statistically significant decrease in semen volume, sperm concentration, and sperm motility in samples obtained on the 2nd day of consecutive day inseminations in an IUI program. This diminution in semen characteristics persists despite sperm washing. The effects of a second ejaculation on semen parameters in oligospermic and asthenospermic men were mixed. Thus, in general, sperm-washing procedures cannot overcome the natural reduction in semen quality produced by frequent ejaculations. Clinicians may wish to use this information in timing IUI cycle inseminations.

Ejaculation↗