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Results for “Insect Control”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Modification of the coding sequence enhances plant expression of insect control protein genes.

Increased expression of the insect control protein genes of Bacillus thuringiensis in plants has been critical to the development of genetically improved plants with agronomically acceptable levels of insect resistance. The expression of the cryIA(b) gene was compared to partially modified (3% nucleotide difference) and to fully modified (21% nucleotide difference) cryIA(b) and cryIA(c) genes in tobacco and tomato. The modified genes increased the frequency of plants that produced the proteins at quantities sufficient to control insects and dramatically increased the levels of these proteins. Among the most highly expressing transformed plants for each gene, the plants with the partially modified cryIA(b) gene had a 10-fold higher level of insect control protein and plants with the fully modified cryIA(b) had a 100-fold higher level of CryIA(b) protein compared with the wild-type gene. Similar results were obtained with the fully modified cryIA(c) gene in plants. Specific sequences of the partially modified cryIA(b) gene were analyzed for their ability to affect cryIA(b) gene expression in tobacco. The DNA sequence of a single region was identified as important to the improvement of plant expression of the cryIA(b) gene. The increased levels of cryIA(b) mRNA were not directly proportional to the increased levels of CryIA(b) protein in plants transformed with the modified cryIA(b) genes, indicating that the nucleotide sequence of these genes had an effect in improving their translational efficiency in plants.

Bacillus thuringiensis↗
PubMed1975

Development of morphogenetic agents in insect control.

Chemicals which interfere with the growth and development of insects (morphogenetic agents) have been receiving major attention as potential means of selective insect control. Major advances in this field resulted from the identification of Juvenile Hormones -1, -2, and -3, and the discovery that various terpenoid and sesquiterpenoid derivatives were more potent morphogenetic agents than the three known Juvenile Hormones. Several highly active compounds have emerged from these research programs. Their field performance, problems, and prospects in selective insect control are considered here.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Insect control of the future: operational and policy aspects.

uman and insect population control have several features in common, all of them indicating that the lag times in converting laboratory discoveries into practical agents are increasing greatly and that ROI calculations are becoming more and more significant in decisions related to the development of new agents. ROI calculations are particularly important in the field of insect control because, by being more specific, the agents of the future are likely to cover smaller markets. Several recommendations for stimulating the development of new methods of insect control are proposed which are addressed primarily to policy-makers. If they are not implemented, then our suggestions should at least stimulate others to make alternative proposals. If neither event occurs, then it is unlikely that there will be any fundamentally new approaches to practical insect control in this decade; a similar prediction (6) that was made 4 years ago in the field of human birth control is rapidly proving to be correct.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

A new approach in integrated control: insect juvenile hormone plus a hymenopteran parasite against the stable fly.

Two insect juvenile hormone analogs, 4[(6,7-epoxy-3-ethyl-7-methyl-2-nonenyl)oxy] benzene and 6,7-epoxy-1-(p-ethylphenoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene, when applied topically to pupae of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), were morphogenetically effective against the metamorphosing pupae but did not affect oviposition and development of the hymenopteran parasite, Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, in the treated pupae. Also, reproductivity of the parent generation of parasites was not affected.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Practical aspects of insect control by juvenile hormone.

The development of juvenile hormone (JH) analogues for insect control, and their laboratory and field testing, are now being carried out on an industrial scale. Studies of the hormone action at the cellular level, and of the many implications of JH applications on various stages of the insect life-cycle, are lagging because such studies require long-term scientific involvement. Although many analogues have little specificity for particular insects, the ultimate effects may be very different. Various considerations that may influence the commercial development of JH are discussed.

Insect Control↗
PubMed1976

Insect growth regulators and insect control: a critical appraisal.

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) of the juvenile hormone type alter physiological processes essential to insect development and appear to act specifically on insects. Three natural juvenile hormones have been found in insects but not in other organisms. Future use of antagonists or inhibitors of hormone synthesis may be technically possible as an advantageous extension of pest control by IGRs. A documented survey of the properties, metabolism, toxicology, and uses of the most commercially advanced chemical, methoprene, shows it to be environmentally acceptable and toxicologically innocuous. Derivation of its current use patterns is discussed and limitations on these are noted. Residue levels and their measurement in the ppb region have allowed exemption from the requirement of tolerances in the EPA registered use of methoprene for mosquito control. Tolerances for foods accompany its fully approved use for control of manure breeding flies through a cattle feed supplement. The human health effects of using this chemical appear to be purely beneficial, but further advances through new IGR chemicals appear unlikely without major changes in regulatory and legislative policy.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Approaches to insect control based on chemical ecology--case studies.

In this article two attempted approaches to control a stored product insect, azuki bean weevil, are discussed based on host selection study and oviposition ecology. The latter study indicated the presence of an oviposition marker, a new kind of pheromone, which was derived from the weevil and was lipid in nature, and suggested its possible use as an oviposition inhibitor.

Animals↗