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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Transplacental passage of diazepam following intravenous injection immediately prior to operative vaginal delivery.

The early phase of diaplacental transfer of diazepam was studied in 39 women given the drug as a basic anaesthetic for operative vaginal delivery indicated by prolonged second stage of labour (9 cases), breech delivery (19 cases) and intrauterine hypoxia (11 cases). A total dose of 30 mg diazepam (Valium Roche) was injected intravenously over a period of 15 sec umbilical cord blood was collected immediately after delivery. Diazepam was extracted with diethyl ether and determined by gas chromatography. The concentration of diazepam in cord blood increased from greater than 5-250 ng/ml at 57-60 seconds to 48-1861 ng/ml at 90-100 seconds after completion of the intravenous injection. Thereafter a plateau seemed to be reached but the interindividual variation was still great with values ranging from 45-3034 ng/ml up to 360 seconds. Judged by Apgar score and the clinical course the neonates seemed to be unaffected by the medication administered to the mother.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1976

Intravenous injection of talc-containing drugs intended for oral use. A cause of pulmonary granulomatosis and pulmonary hypertension.

Clinical and morphologic features are described in two patients known to have repeatedly injected intravenously talc-containing drugs intended for oral use. In one patient severe pulmonary hypertension developed; the talc granulomas in him were located predominantly within the pulmonary arteries. The second patient had normal pulmonary arterial pressures, and the talc granulomas in him were located predominantly in the pulmonary interstitium. Of 19 previously described patients with pulmonary talc granulomas, 12 had morphologic evidence of pulmonary hypertension (in three of severe degree); in each, talc granulomas were located predominantly within the pulmonary arteries. In those without signs of pulmonary hypertension, granulomas were located predominantly in the pulmonary interstitium. Why there are differences in the distribution of the talc granulomas is unclear. It is clear, however, as demonstrated by one of our patients, that severe pulmonary hypertension may be a consequence of intravenous injection of drugs intended for oral use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

High uptake in the erythrocytes and the spleen of the quaternary dipyridylium salt paraquat injected intravenously in hypotonic solutions.

Intravenous injections of the quaternary dipyridlium salt paraquat (14C-labelled) dissolved in solutions of low tonicity result in a high uptake in the erythrocytes and concomitantly also in the spleen (red pulp), the latter being probably due to phagocytosis of paraquat-containing erythrocytes by the reticuloendothelial system. Higher tonicities of the injected solutions result in a low uptake and the same applies to oral, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections. Paraquat was present in the erythrocytes in a non-metabolized form without being bound to membranes or proteins. The uptake in the erythrocytes was not influenced by alterations of the pH or by the preparation of a charge-transfer complex with serotonin in the injection solutions. Chemical alterations of the paraquat in the injection solutions could not be detected. In vitro the uptake of paraquat in the erythrocytes was higher in the haemolysed (and then reconstituted by adding sodium chloride) erythrocyte-ghosts than in the non-haemolysed erythrocytes, as shown by incubations at various tonicities. It is proposed that the intravenous injections of paraquat in hypotonic solutions temporarily alter the membranes of the erythrocytes in the blood-stream and make them permeable to paraquat, possibly, as judged from the in vitro experiments, only during a short period of partial haemolysis. The distribution studies also showed a retention of paraquat in the lungs. In addition paraquat was accumulated in the melanin of the tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Body temperature and blood chemistry responses in broiler cockerels given a single intravenous injection of Na+ or Ca++ before an acute heating episode.

Eight-week-old broiler cockerels were injected intravenously with avian saline containing additional Na+ as NaCl or Ca++ as CaCl2. After the injections half of the chickens were heated at 45 degrees C. and the others were maintained at 24 degrees C. Cloacal body temperatures were determined and blood samples were collected before heat exposure and at 30 minute intervals until the chickens had been heated for 120 minutes. Na+ did not affect body temperature of chickens in the 24 degrees C. environment, but Na+-treated chickens in the 45 degrees C. environment had significantly elevated body temperatures compared to the heated controls. Ca++ caused a significant decrease in body temperature of the non-heated chickens, but it was without effect in heated chickens. Neither Na" nor Ca++ altered the responses of plasma glucose, cholesterol, and calcium during the heating episode. However, Ca++ caused a significant rise in plasma inorganic phosphate in non-heated chickens and prevented the rapid decline in the heated chickens. Na+ caused a significant fall in plasma inorganic phosphate in non-heated chickens, but it did not alter the plasma phosphate response to acute heat stress. The present experimental resultn chickens in a moderate temperature environment, and suggests that Ca++ initially exerts a peripheral rather than a central effect in decreasing the body temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Excretion of intravenously injected copper-64 in sheep.

Copper-64 was injected intravenously into three sheep. The total excretion of copper in sheep was low since only 1.4--1.7% of the dose injected was excreted during a period of 60 hrs. following the injection. It was found that the biliary system was not a main excretory pathway for copper; other routes of excretion into the gastrointestinal tract seemed to be more important. The urinary and the biliary excretion were of comparable magnitude. The activity in the bile was found to be lower than in the plasma throughout the sampling period. It is assumed that a low excretion capacity of copper in the bile of sheep may be a possible factor of importance for the high susceptibility of this species to excess of copper.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Roentgen kymographic investigations of gastric peristalsis after intravenous injection of caerulein].

Caerulein is a decapeptide which combines the effects of gastrin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. It was injected intravenously in doses of 10 to 40 nanoponds caerulein per kilopond bodyweight in 37 patients and roentgen kymography of the stomach carried out before and after the injection. In 89% of the 36 cases which could be evaluated, it increased antral peristalsis. Amplitude and frequency were increased and the periodicity decreased correspondingly. The effect was more marked than that of pentogastrin, presumably because caerulein dose not affect duodenal acidity. The changes in motility therefore correspond with those produced by serotonin and cholecystokinin-pancreoxymin. Control examinations carried out under identical conditions, but without caerulein, showed no change in antral peristalsis.

Ceruletide↗
PubMed1979

[Prolactin after repeated intravenous injections of cimetidine].

To 4 normal women a bolus of mg 400 of cimetidine was injected intravenously once an hour for three hours in succession and plasma prolactin behaviour studied. No depletion in prolactin pituitary storage was observed in all subjects. The possible usefulness of cimetidine for clinical diagnostic purposes is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Haematological, serological and pathological effects in chicks of one or more intravenous injections of Salmonella gallinarum endotoxin.

Abnormalities appeared a few hours after groups of 14-day-old chicks (Gallus domesticus) were injected intravenously with 15 mg/kg of endotoxin (LPS) from Salmonella gallinarum. Clinical illness without mortality was accompanied by significant (P less than 0.05) falls in body temperature, bursa weight, the main haematological parameters, serum iron (SI) and transferrin saturation (TS) and a significant increase in unsaturated iron-binding capacity. All responses, apart from bursa weight, SI values and total and differential white-cell counts, returned to normal within 24 to 48 h. LPS given daily for three consecutive days did not cause changes in the main haematological parameters during the 48 h period following the third injection. However body and bursa weight and heterophil counts were significantly depressed, whereas body temperature, SI and TS were affected biphasically, being first depressed and then raised above normal. Chicks injected with LPS daily for six consecutive days showed broadly similar responses but a persistent microcytosis was also present.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Microembolism in experimental septic shock. Distribution of platelets and fibrinogen after intravenous injection of disintegrated Pseudomonas bacteria to dogs.

Platelets were labelled with 51Cr, fibrinogen with 125I and erythrocytes with 59Fe. Disintegrated Pseudomonas bacteria were injected intravenously and radioactive measurements were made on whole blood; tissue biopsies and clottable fibrinogen. After the infection there was an immediate but transient increase of 51Cr activity in the lung concomitant with a decrease in platelet count and 51Cr activity of blood. In the liver there was a less pronounced increase of 51Cr activity. The fibrinogen concentration decreased slightly, paralleled by the 125I activity of whole blood and of clottable fibrinogen, whereas the 125I activity in the lung and liver remained fairly constant. There was no changes of 51Cr activity or 125I activity in biopsies from muscle, pancreas, small intestine, kidney or spleen. During the experiment (3h) there were no signs of significant disseminated intravascular coagulation other than platelet aggregation. A consumption of fibrinogen related to the formation of fibrin plugs could not be detected. After injection of disintegrated Pseudomonas bacteria reversible platelet aggregates were formed and temporarily trapped in the pulmonary microcirculation. This microembolism might induce tissue damage and could be of importance for the development of septic pulmonary complication.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Rheumatoid-like joint lesions in rabbits injected intravenously with bovine serum.

Rheumatoid-like synovial lesions have been produced experimentally in 21% of rabbits receiving intravenous injections of bovine serum by various regimens. They were characterized by lining cell hyperplasia, accumulations, often follicular, of lymphocytes and plasma cells just under the lining layer, sometimes with extensive fibroplasia and pannus formation with cartilage erosion.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The origin of reactive cells in retrograde and Wallerian degeneration. Experiments with intravenous injection of 3H-DFP-labeled macrophages.

In order to examine the possible haematogenous origin of phagocytes in anterograde and retrograde degeneration, rabbit peritoneal macrophages were labeled in vitro with 3H-DFP and injected intravenously into host animals. Four or five days prior to the injection, the facial nerve was avulsed and the sciatic nerve ligated in five recipients. The animals were killed 24 h after the injection of the macrophages. Labeled cells were found in that part of the sciatic nerve which was mechanically damaged and in the liver and spleen but not in areas with retrograde or Wallerian degeneration. The possible interpretation of these findings is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Lysosomal degradation of cell organelles. II. Ultrastructural analysis of uptake and digestion of intravenously injected microsomes and ribosomes by Kupffer cells.

Rough and smooth microsomes, "mixed" or total microsomes, and ribosomes were isolated from one single rat liver and subsequently injected intravenously into a series of inbred rats. The uptake and the degradation of the injected organelles by Kupffer cells were followed by means of electron microscopic analysis. By 1 minute after injection, microsomes were seen attached to the surface of Kupffer cells separated by a gap of 200 to 300 A. No attachment to hepatocytes, fat-storing cells, or endothelial cells was seen. By 5 and 10 minutes, most microsomes were phagocytosed and sequestered in large numbers within single membrane-enclosed vacuoles or phagosomes. The engulfment proceeded by two mechanisms: (1) most frequently, flaplike processes of cytoplasm embraced aggregates of microsomes, concomitant with the formation of indention of the cytoplasm; (2) occasionally, single microsomal profiles were taken up by bristle-coated endocytic vacuoles. Ribosomes were also seen penetrating into the wormlike structures (micropinocytosis vermiformis) at the cell surface. At 30 minutes after injection, clear signs of alteration were noted starting with vesicle aggregation, clumping, and elongation of the microsomal profiles. The ribosomes were quickly stripped from their microsomal membranes and marginated to the inside of the vacuoles but separated from the limiting membrane by a distance of 200 to 300 A. By 1 and 2 hours, disruption of the vesicles into membrane fragments and formation of dense material in and between the profiles occurred. By 8 hours it was difficult to recognize the degradation products as membrane derivatives. The digestive vacuoles retained their size at this time interval. Typical pentalaminar structures were observed. By 14 to 24 hours the digestive vacuoles became electron lucent and appeared to shrink, and in addition to containing various types of granular material, many were laden with lipid-like droplets presumed to be conglomerates of phospholipid remnants. Rough microsomes, when compared to smooth microsomes, gave rise to more granular material within the digestive vacuoles. Ribosomes were still identifiable 24 hours after injection, indicative of a somewhat slower rate of degradation. Accumulation of various types of lipid-like droplets in the "residual bodies" was typical after microsomal injections. It is concluded that although microsomes appear to be phagocytosed at a quicker rate than mitochondria, they are digested within the lysosomal apparatus of the Kupffer cells at a somewhat slower rate. This especially seems to be the case for ribosomes. Heterophagy of microsomes is one source of residual bodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Metabolism of biliverdin. Biliary excretion of bile pigments after intravenous injection of biliverdin isomers.

14C-labelled biliverdins IX alpha, beta, gamma and delta have been prepared in vitro from haemoglobin obtained from duck erythrocytes incubated with 5-amino[4-14C]-laevulinic acid. When injected intravenously into rats with biliary fistulae, about 60% of the label was recovered in the bile in 24 h after the alpha isomer was given, while approximately 10% was recovered with injection of the beta isomer. The gamma and delta isomers gave intermediate values. In each experiment, most of the recovered isotope was found in association with conjugated bile pigment. Thus, the metabolic pathway for bile pigment excretion in the rat handles the IX alpha isomer preferentially but is not specific for it.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Foetal drug exposure following intravenous injection of diazepam immediately before breech delivery.

The transplacental passage of diazepam (DZ) was studied in 32 cases of vaginal breech delivery. DZ (30 mg) was injected intravenously 15--170 seconds before delivery in order to induce sleep, and general anaesthesia was maintained with N2O/O2. The concentration of DZ was measured in blood obtained from the mother, the umbilical cord and the newborn. In the majority of the infants the drug concentrations in mixed cord blood and in capillary blood at the age of 2 hours were lower than previously observed in infants with cephalic presentations delivered by forceps. The short injection-delivery (I-D) intervals in breech deliveries may limit the transfer of drug to the foetus, but cord compression and circulatory changes may also lead to reduced materno-foetal exchange of DZ.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Vascular changes in the lungs of rats after the intravenous injection of pyrrole carbamates.

The effects on the lung of some synthetic compounds related to monocrotaline pyrrole have been studied and compared with those previously found with that compound. When injected into a systemic vein doses of pyrrole mono- and dicarbamate produced acute pulmonary oedema. Pyrrole alcohol and ethyl carbamate had no such effect and although furyl carbamate did not cause pleural effusion in rats it did so in mice. Like monocrotaline pyrrole, when injected into other vessels the pyrrole carbamates produced oedema in the region of the first capillary bed encountered. When colloidal carbon was injected intravenously after the pyrrole carbamates, carbon "labelling" was seen in both the post-capillary venules and the capillaries of the lungs. On the whole, venular "labelling" occurred before capillary "labelling" which was best seen when the carbon was injected more than 4 hr after the pyrrole. The distribution of the carbon as seen by electron microscopy is described. No "labelling" was seen after furyl carbamate. The effects of the synthetic pyrrole esters were similar to those of monocrotaline pyrrole. Although both the pyrrole carbamates were less active on a molecular basis they had a broader action on the pulmonary vasculature causing venular as well as capillary "labelling". To affect the lungs acutely the compound had to have the pyrrole ring structure and at least one ester side-chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Lysosomal degradation of cell organelles. I. Ultrastructural analysis of uptake and digestion of intravenously injected mitochondria by Kupffer cells.

An experimental model comparable to autophagocytosis is presented to evaluate lysosomal degradation of biologic membranes in vivo. This design takes advantage of the efficient phagocytic capacity of Kupffer cells. For this purpose, mitochondria were isolated from one rat liver (inbred strain) and subsequently injected intravenously into a series of rats, which were sacrificed at various time points. The uptake and intralysosomal digestion were examined by electron microscopy. Mitochondria were seen in the sinusoids and attached to the surface of Kupffer cells 1 to 3 minutes after injection. One or two mitochondrial profiles were trapped in cavelike structures often embraced by long hyaloplasmic pseudopods. By 5 and 10 minutes, the mitochondria were in single membrane-bound phagosomes within the Kupffer cells and early signs of mitochondrial alterations were present, e.g., loss of cristae and condensation. At 30 minutes and 1 hour the mitochondria were seen in large vacuoles which contained up to 20 profiles in a single section. The mitochondria showed evident signs of digestion such as membrane fragmentation and flocculent densities. By 4 hours and especially by 8 hours, most digestive vacuoles were laden with flocculent membrane debris. By 24 hours, the Kupffer cells showed multiple lysosomal structures which were irregular in shape and small. These often contained a number of lipid-like droplets of various electron densities and pentalaminar structures. By 2 and 5 days, the Kupffer cells had returned to their normal appearance although the lysosomal apparatus was still prominent. No uptake of mitochondria was seen in endothelial cells, fat-storing cells, or hepatocytes. It is concluded that lysosomes have an efficient capacity to digest mitochondria. Some lipid remnants are not completely or slowly degraded by Kupffer cell lysosomes but remain in "residual bodies" for up to 1 or 2 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Distribution of radioactivity in tissues after the intravenous injection of free and acrylic particle bound-porcine 125I-neurophysin-I into rats and rabbits.

Porcine neurophysin-I iodinated with Na125I was injected intravenously into rats and rabbits, and the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from the peripheral system was measured. Radioactively-labeled neurophysin bound to polymethylmethacrylic particles was similarly infected into the animals. The half-time for the loss of radioactivity from samples of whole blood was 6.1--6.4 min as determined over the first 5 min after administration of the protein. There was no significant difference in the half-time calculated when the radioactivity present in the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material present in the se-um was measured. 15 min after the injection of labeled protein there was a maximum and massive uptake of radioactivity in the kidney consistent with this tissue's being important in the degradation of neurophysin. Immunoperoxidase histochemical techniques were applied to formalin-fixed kidney slices and demonstrated the presence of neurophysin-like material localized in the cells of proximal tubules of the cortex and medulla. On binding neurophysin to acrylic particles there was approximately a 10-fold increase in the uptake of radioactivity in the lungs and a 33% reduction in activity in the kidneys, as measured at the 15-min time interval. Of the other tissues studied, excluding the thyroid gland and lungs, the uterus demonstrated the greatest uptake of radioactivity of fat tissue had the least accumulation of radioactive label.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of ceroid pigment. I. Phagocytosis and formation of lipid-containing lysosomes in Kupffer Cells after intravenous injection of unsaturated lipids (author's transl)].

Wistar rats were injected intravenously with cod liver oil emulsion. The phagocytosis of these lipids by the Kupffer cells as well as the formation of lipid-containing lysosomes were studied electron microscopically within a period of 5 min to 12 hrs. The emulsified lipids are incorporated into the cytoplasm by membrane-vesiculation. The lipid-containing phagocytic vacuoles (lipophagosomes) were transformed into secondary lysosomes (lipophagolysosomes). This change occurs in two phases. Immediately after phagocytosis the lipophagosomes are provided with lysosomal enzymes by fusion with pre-existent lysosomes (dense bodies) of the Kupffer cells. These are mainly the so-called small homogenous dense bodies which are probably primary lysosomes of the type of "storage granules". In the second phase which begins 15-30 min after the injection; the fusion of lipophagosomes with newly produced primary lysosomes within the Golgi apparatus is predominant. Therefore, the enzyme supply of the phagocytic vacuoles does not occur at once but in small amounts during a longer period. The lipids slowly change into an amorphous electron-dense mass 12 hrs after the injection. Obviously, these changes are the first step to the formation of ceroid pigment.

Acid Phosphatase↗