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PubMed1977

Informed consent: information or exploration?

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Ethics, Medical↗

PubMed1978

Videotape aids informed consent decision.

Obtaining informed consent for clinical investigations represents a major legal, ethical, and moral consideration in human experimentation. Mechanisms for informing the patient vary widely, and usually no system exists to confirm the degree of information retained by the patient. A Veterans Administration Cooperative Study, begun in 1975, has used a videotape information package in addition to a standard written consent form to ensure uniformity. Each presentation was followed by a questionnaire to assess the amount of material learned before attempting randomization. Repeated showings were occasionally necessary and did not affect the rate of randomization. A videotape presentation, especially in cooperative studies, ensures uniformity, makes allowance for varying educational levels of patients, and provides documentation of the degree of informed consent.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed1979

Informed consent for neuroleptic therapy.

The author suggests that the frequency and severity of tardive dyskinesia in patients treated with neuroleptic drugs requires that informed consent be obtained from all patients receiving such treatment. The three basic conditions for obtaining informed consent are reviewed with discussion of some of the ethical problems encountered in the informed consent procedure. Most of these problems will be resolved if specific, written, informed consent is obtained from the patient, or his representative, within six weeks of initiating therapy, although in some cases questions may be raised about the very possibility of obtaining consent.

Antipsychotic Agents↗

PubMed1979

Bioethics and informed consent in American health care delivery.

Bioethics is a multi-dimensional discipline. The traditional aspect being medical ethics, a branch of Western philosophy which, since the time of Hippocrates, has sought to formulate rules of proper conduct for physicians. Ethics and informed consent are interrelated issues. Consent is the central issue on which hangs most of the ethical problems in human experimentation. The informed consent of the human patient is the ultimate protection from the hazards of research and therapy in medicine, the basic premise of this being that every human being has the right to determine what shall be done to his own body. The patient must have full prognosis, complications, sequelae, discomforts, costs, inconveniences, risks and expectations. Medically and ethically what should the patient be told? There appears to be no obvious format, but the patient should be told enough to allow him to make a rational decision. This paper contains an analysis of the reactions of just a few American nurses to this dilemma. The nurse who attempts to use only her scientific training to determine ethical conduct is in a quandary because seldon is there empirical evidence available to support her decision, no matter what it is.

Bioethics↗

PubMed1979