BioSciences Information Service: information resources for biomedicine.
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Abstracting and Indexing↗
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Costing information services.
Information centers are being established for many disciplines. For the medical profession, users can benefit directly from these centers by having information searched by medical library professionals and readily available. If the users of an information system are to share in the operating expenses, some equitable system of charges must be established. The numerous systems of establishing user charges are listed and discussed, with the advantages or disadvantages of each system explained. After the systems have been reviewed, alternative methods of establishing prices are presented along with a typical example of what these prices might be, ranging from $7.50 to $2.50 per request. The implementation of the cost system is outlined and certain philosophical questions are posed.
Costs and Cost Analysis↗
A network system of medical and welfare information service for the patients, their families, hospitals, local governments, and commercial companies in a medical service area.
A service information system using the Internet, which connected the various people who are related to medical treatment and nursing welfare, was constructed. An intractable neurological disease patient who lives in the Onga district, Fukuoka, Japan, and the people who are related to the service were chosen as test users in an experimental model. The communicated service information was divided into open-use data (electronic bulletin board, welfare service, medical care service, and link to private company service home page) and closed-use data (the individual patient's hysterics). The open data server was installed in an Internet service provider The open data could be accessed not only by the patient, but also by the family, information center, companies, hospitals, and nursing commodity store related to patient's nursing and medical treatment. Closed data server was installed in an information center (public health center). Only patient and information center staff can access the closed data. Patients should search and collect the service information of various medical and welfare services by themselves. Therefore, services prepared for the patient are difficult to know, and they cannot be sufficiently utilized. With the use of this information system, all usable service information became accessible, and patients could easily use it. The electronic bulletin board system (BBS) was used by patients for knowing each other or each others' family, and was used as a device for exchange of wisdom. Also, the questions for the specialist, such as doctor, dentist, teacher, physical therapist, care manager, welfare office staff member, and public health nurse, and the answers were shown on the BBS. By arranging data file, a reference of various patients in question and answer, which appeared in this BBS, was made as "advisory hints" and was added to the open data. The advisory hints became the new service information for the patients and their family. This BBS discovered the possibility of becoming an important information source for companies, hospital and, administration to know the requirements of patients and their families and the kind of services to be served. Although suppliers provide medical and welfare services for the patient, there is a tendency that the service information is sent by the suppliers at their own convenience. The information system in which various people participated was constructed in order to collect information for the patient, taking a patient-oriented approach. The result of the model test showed that this information system using Internet technology is a good system for both the service supplier and its receiver.
Access to Information↗
Health information services: a submission to LISC (Library Information Services Council) by the Library Association on behalf of its Medical, Health and Welfare Libraries Group.
The Library Association Medical, Health and Welfare Libraries Group was asked by the Library and Information Services Council (LISC) for England to submit a paper on health information services for the lay person and this presented a timely opportunity to consider the situation thus far and possibilities for the future. A working group was set up from amongst those active in the field to pool ideas and experience, and it was fortunate also in being able to include consideration of Elaine Kempson's recently published study Informing health consumers. It was felt particularly that whilst a number of worthwhile services were developing there was no guarantee of adequate local provision and that in the absence of any sort of framework there was considerable danger of duplication of effort and isolation on the part of the practitioners. The paper was considered by LISC in October 1988 and in the intervening period our recommendation that public library development incentive funding might be used to enable a public library to co-operate with other local statutory and voluntary agencies in the setting up of a pilot local health information centre, perhaps capitalizing on existing expertise by buying-in a database such as that of Help for Health, has been fulfilled by the establishment of the Dorset Health Information Service whose progress will be watched with interest. Nevertheless there is still much to be achieved in this field and it is hoped that this paper will prove a useful basis for continued discussion.
England↗
A national approach to health service management information services.
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Data Collection↗
[Liberation of medical service--medical information service].
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Computers↗
Paracetamol poisoning in pregnancy: an analysis of the outcomes of cases referred to the Teratology Information Service of the National Poisons Information Service.
A study was carried out to investigate the outcome of pregnancy in 115 women who had been exposed to paracetamol overdose. Follow up was obtained in 48 cases. Exposure occurred in all trimesters, and the most striking feature of this series is that the majority of the pregnancy outcomes were normal. None of the mothers died. There were 39 live born infants with no malformation, 14 of whom had been exposed in the first trimester. Four babies, exposed in the third trimester had neonatal problems, but these seem unrelated to paracetamol. There were two live born infants with gross malformations (spina bifida occulta; and cleft lip and palate). However, as the overdoses occurred at weeks 26 and 28 respectively, long after the structural development of these organs, the malformations could not have been caused by the paracetamol. There were two spontaneous abortions, both in the first trimester, which occurred two weeks after the overdose which may be related to the paracetamol. The overall conclusion is that paracetamol overdose per se is not necessarily an indication for termination of pregnancy.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Consumer's perceptions of and experiences with automated health related information services: an exploratory study.
Almost all health care related organizations, including hospitals and pharmacies, have installed some sort of automated telephone system. Most of these organizations have installed this system to eliminate personnel, while at the same time promoting the fact that they will be helpful to the consumer. This study (comprising of 255 respondents) was designed to assess the consumer's perceptions and experiences with such automated systems. Our study clearly indicates that most individuals strongly agree that healthcare product and service information should be available via the telephone.
Automation↗
Promoting smoking cessation in the United States: effect of public service announcements on the Cancer Information Service telephone line.
BACKGROUND: Although many smokers report making attempts to quit, few seek help or are successful in their attempts. Some of the barriers to seeking help can be overcome by a telephone counseling and information service like that offered by the Cancer Information Service of the National Cancer Institute. This service has been promoted by antismoking public service announcements produced by the Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. PURPOSE: We determined whether such nationally televised public service announcements were associated with increased use of the Cancer Information Service. We assessed the importance of specifically promoting the telephone line and identified the characteristics of the individuals who responded to such promotion. METHODS: We combined the frequency-of-call data from the Cancer Information Service with the data on the frequency and reach of the television spots. RESULTS: During this 5-year study (1983-1987), the Cancer Information Service received a notably disproportionate number of calls in 3 specific months (August 1983, January 1985, and January 1987). In each case, more than 20% of all calls in that year were received in that month (expected percentage = 8% if the calls had been evenly distributed). These peak periods were associated with the showing of the three public service announcements that mentioned the telephone number of the Cancer Information Service. These promotions were particularly effective in increasing the percentage of callers who were male, who were under the age of 40 years, or who had received a high school education or less. CONCLUSIONS: Television is an effective medium for supporting antismoking goals by motivating more smokers to seek help to quit. IMPLICATIONS: It is important to identify whether the aid offered by the Cancer Information Service hotline is effective in helping the caller to quit. Future work must concentrate on the most effective strategies for using this initial contact to provide aid to prevent relapse, thus maximizing the potential impact of the public service announcement campaigns.
Behavior Therapy↗
The hospital pharmacist and drug information services.
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Information Services↗
The National Technical Information Service: a Federal resource for health information and services.
The National Technical Information Service (NTIS) addresses the issue facing all government information providers--justification of the activity on a cost/benefit basis--by being self-supporting. The user pays for the information provided on a cost-recovery basis. Within the NTIS, a new program adds to the resources available to the health professional and/or consumer. The Center for the Utilization of Federal Technology (CUFT) links information, Federal technology resources, and new technologies to new users, including the private sector, to facilitate commercialization and therefore enhance utilization. To bring the Federal research and development (R & D) community together with potential non-Federal users, CUFT provides information products and undertakes networking activities in its Office of Applied Technology. The program initiates the link from the public to private sector for commercialization of newly developed Federal technology in its Office of Federal Patent Licensing. Individual products and examples of successful projects addressing the health community and its concerns are described. The CUFT program is increasing its online availability to deal with the increasing volume of information available and the growing number of users in health-related fields as well as in other areas of Federal scientific and technical information.
Government Agencies↗
Effect of the mass media in promoting calls to the Cancer Information Service.
The Cancer Information Service is a toll-free telephone inquiry service that provides information about cancer and related resources to the public, patients and their families, and health-care providers. The service was created in 1975 to provide rapid access to the latest information about cancer, to address specific population needs, and to bridge gaps between cancer research and application. This article reviews a variety of ways in which the mass media have been used to promote calls to the Cancer Information Service. Conclusions are drawn about the usefulness of media promotion in the past, and recommendations are suggested for future media promotion of the service.
Humans↗
Lithium Information Center. One model of a computer-based psychiatric information service.
The Lithium Information Center has been functioning as a specialized psychiatric information service for nearly ten years. Over the years, the center has disseminated information about the medical uses of lithium to psychiatrists and other physicians, to patients, to the family and friends of patients, and to a host of other individuals and organizations including pharmacists, lawyers, nurses, social workers, mental health centers, clinics, and support groups. To encourage the development of similar psychiatric information services, we outline the center's methods of acquiring, organizing, and disseminating lithium information.
Computers↗
Balancing research and service: the experience of the cancer information service.
BACKGROUND: The National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (CIS), the nation's foremost resource for cancer information, has supported cancer control research throughout its 22-year history. The Cancer Information Service Research Consortium (CISRC) is a consortium established to fully involve the CIS in theory-based cancer control research. METHODS: This paper focuses on the experiences of the CIS Project Directors in the development and implementation of three research projects within the CIS program. Conclusions are drawn from discussions that have taken place over time in such venues as conference calls, CISRC Members Council meetings, and project advisory meetings. RESULTS: Overall, the CISRC/CIS collaboration has been successful. A number of factors have contributed to this success, including the perceived value of the research within the CIS and the mechanisms and structures established to foster collaboration. The lessons learned, based on the challenges and opportunities of implementing these intervention research projects within the operations of the regional CIS offices, are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Integration of research within a service program requires careful planning and preparation. Mutual benefit, shared ownership, consistency with current practice, staff training, and the value of research to each partner were essential ingredients to the success of this collaboration.
Communication↗
Awareness of the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service: results from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS).
Established in 1975, the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service (CIS) is a national information and education network that serves the nation by providing the latest scientific cancer information to the American public. The purpose of this study was to determine the public's awareness of the CIS and other national cancer and health organizations by analyzing data from the NCI's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2003). This study also examined sociodemographic, health, and communication correlates of awareness of CIS and other national health organizations: American Cancer Society (ACS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NCI. Results indicated that awareness of the CIS was low (32.8%). Some subgroups were more likely to be aware of the CIS than others. When comparing awareness levels of the four national health organizations, marked differences in patterns of awareness among specific subgroups emerged for many sociodemographic variables. For example, minority groups were significantly more aware of the CIS than Whites; however, for all three other organizations a greater percentage of Whites were aware of each organization. For the NIH, NCI, and ACS, respondents in the highest income group were most aware of each organization and, as income level increased awareness also increased. The CIS, respondents with the lowest income levels, however, were more aware of the CIS compared with middle- and high-income groups. A similar pattern was found for other sociodemographic variables. Results of this study will guide the development of a targeted promotional campaign for the CIS.
Adolescent↗
Location-based health information services: a new paradigm in personalised information delivery.
Brute health information delivery to various devices can be easily achieved these days, making health information instantly available whenever it is needed and nearly anywhere. However, brute health information delivery risks overloading users with unnecessary information that does not answer their actual needs, and might even act as noise, masking any other useful and relevant information delivered with it. Users' profiles and needs are definitely affected by where they are, and this should be taken into consideration when personalising and delivering information to users in different locations. The main goal of location-based health information services is to allow better presentation of the distribution of health and healthcare needs and Internet resources answering them across a geographical area, with the aim to provide users with better support for informed decision-making. Personalised information delivery requires the acquisition of high quality metadata about not only information resources, but also information service users, their geographical location and their devices. Throughout this review, experience from a related online health information service, HealthCyberMap http://healthcybermap.semanticweb.org/, is referred to as a model that can be easily adapted to other similar services. HealthCyberMap is a Web-based directory service of medical/health Internet resources exploring new means to organise and present these resources based on consumer and provider locations, as well as the geographical coverage or scope of indexed resources. The paper also provides a concise review of location-based services, technologies for detecting user location (including IP geolocation), and their potential applications in health and healthcare.
Journal Article↗
The Lithium Information Center: an efficient information service.
The Lithium Information Center is described as a response to the accelerated growth of information regarding a specific health care topic. The authors describe the body of literature that is managed by the Lithium Information Center, discuss how that information is stored and retrieved, indicate the advantages of this kind of information management compared to other health care information services, and note extraordinary peripheral ways in which the Center contributes to the continued growth of useful information about lithium and its therapeutic uses. It is concluded that the Center might be used as a model for others who wish to manage literature of content areas in which interest is increasing rapidly.
Drug Information Services↗
A case study in dissemination: lessons learned from a pilot study involving the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service.
The Cancer Information Service Research Consortium (CISRC) was funded by the National Cancer Institute to disseminate as a pilot study a longitudinally tailored print intervention to promote the 5 A Day for Better Health program among callers to the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (CIS). Using a one-group (intervention-only) study design, 1,022 eligible CIS callers were enrolled to receive the intervention consisting of four mailings of tailored print materials over a 3-month period. Program evaluation focused on process and implementation evaluation, including adherence to the baseline interviews by CIS information specialists based on live-call monitoring (n = 55 eligible callers), and the timeliness of the intervention mailouts (4,088 scheduled mailouts). Adherence to the baseline interviews by CIS information specialists was extremely high, exceeding 90% for all indicators of quality control. Of the 4,088 intervention mailings, 75% occurred on or before the target date, while 95% occurred within 21 days of the target date. All delays in the scheduled mailouts occurred in the first mailing, due to changes made in the production process (batch printing of all tailored print materials at baseline). This change required additional system upgrades and more intensive and time-consuming quality control than originally anticipated, which was exacerbated by the faster-than-expected accrual of eligible participants. Based on this pilot study, the CIS is now positioned for widespread dissemination of the 5 A Day tailored print intervention. Several key lessons learned are also identified to facilitate the transition from research to dissemination.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗