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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Activation of suppressor T cells during Epstein-Barr-virus-induced infectious mononucleosis.

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an unusual human pathogen because it preferentially infects B lymphocytes and consequently activates them to produce immunoglobulins. When cultures of lymphocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis were stimulated with polyclonal activators, unseparated cells failed to produce immunoglobulins, whereas purified B cells responded normally. Cocultures demonstrated profound suppressor T-cell activity in blood from patients with infectious mononucleosis. Early in this disease, circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells were elevated, but during the second week their number was strikingly depressed. These data indicate that during infectious mononucleosis, EBV causes polyclonal activation of B cells, reflected by hypergammaglobulinemia and increased circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Next, suppressor T cells become activated and inhibit further B-cell activation. Thus, activation of suppressor T cells in infectious mononucleosis provides a unique additional mechanism of host defense because these T cells inhibit the activation and proliferation of an important target of the causative virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Infectious mononucleosis.

Infectious mononucleosis is a unique disease in its hematologic aspects; it is different from the frequently occurring acute microbial diseases in that it affects primarily the reticuloendothelial system; and it is interesting serologically because of the heterophil antibody reaction, as well as the multiplicity of antibodies which may be produced. The diagnosis should be suspected clinically before hematology is reported - by remembering the prototypes. In fact, a patient between 16 and 25 years old who complains of sore throat and fever is more likely to have infectious mononucleosis than another disease; and if - in addition - he is jaundiced, a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis is almost certain. Finally, a negative result of treatment with corticosteroid has the diagnostic significance mentioned above. Positive effect of treatment has no diagnostic significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Life-threatening complications of infectious mononucleosis.

Infectious mononucleosis is a common febrile disorder of children and young adults which is generally benign and self-limited. Patients with this disorder, however, may develop life-threatening complications which require prompt recognition and treatment. The clinical features of three such cases are presented and pertinent features of other life-threatening complications are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Psychiatric and neurologic sequelae of infectious mononucleosis.

Infectious mononucleosis is usually thought to be a benign disease with occasional neurologic sequelae. Depression, incoordination, a reduction in intellectual ability, and altered EEG patterns were found in two patients; one recovered and the other seemed to have permanent residual effects. The possibility of tranylcypromine as a treatment for the depression and appropriate counselling of patient and family are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.

Infectious mononucleosis continues to be an important medical problem of young adults. Diagnosis is based on three principal criteria: (1) a compatible clinical picture, (2) characteristic hematologic changes, and (3) a positive serology. A relative lymphocytosis of 60% or higher with at least 20% atypical lymphocytes is a common feature. Laboratory diagnosis is dependent on proper application and interpretation of the various serologic tests. Evidence of abnormal liver function is of particular value in differentiating this disease from bacterial and viral pharyngitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Immunochemical studies of infectious mononucleosis. VI. a radioimmunoassay for the detection of infectious mononucleosis heterophile antibody and antigen.

The coated-tube method of solid-phase radioimmunoassay has been adapted to the detection of heterophile antibodies and antigens of infectious mononucleosis. Disposable plastic hemagglutination trays were coated with purified glycoprotein from horse erythrocytes and the subsequent uptake of antibody from test sera was detected by radio-iodinated horse erythrocyte glycoprotein. In a preliminary survey of sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis and sera from controls, the assay proved highly sensitive and specific. The test system was also useful in a competitive binding assay for immunochemical studies of glycoproteins from other heterophile antigen-positive species.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cellular immunity in infectious mononucleosis: I. Spontaneous and phytohaemagglutinin-induced blast transformation in infectious mononucleosis, with special reference to depressed cellular reactivity and stimulation-blocking serum factors.

Lymphocytes of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), EBV sero-positive subjects, patients with viral infections other than EBV, and EBV sero-negative subjects were tested for phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced and spontaneous transformation in vitro. Lymphocytes of EBV sero-positive healthy subjects, tested in autologous serum, have higher spontaneous transformation than those of EBV sero-negative subjects. IM patients, in the acute phase of illness, have depressed spontaneous lymphocyte transformation, independent of serum factors. Serum factors are present in acute IM that depress spontaneous transformation further, and to a lesser extent depress reactivity to PHA. By the time the IM patients had recovered, greater than 9 weeks after onset of illness, the defects observed had disappeared.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Infectious mononucleosis and mononucleosis syndromes.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis are caused by a primary infection with related viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and CMV. Despite the similarity of clinical manifestations, basic differences exist: (1) The heterophil antibody (HA) response is absent in CMV mononucleosis, whereas it is present in IM. (2) In IM atypical lymphocytosis reflects proliferation of B cells early and of T cells later in the disease course; in CMV mononucleosis the situation appears complex. (3) In blood, EBV is restricted to B lymphocytes, whereas CMV is found in polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. (4) Complications of CMV mononucleosis such as hepatitis and pneumonitis may be due to virus cytopathic effect in target organs. Prominent tonsillopharyngitis with adenopathy, and visceral complications of IM are related to lymphoproliferation which is self-limited except in males with a rare familial defect in defense against EBV. Immune complex-mediated pathology may occur in both diseases. (5) CMV is frequently transmitted to a fetus in utero or to an infant during or after birth, and this occasionally leads to severe cytomegalic inclusion disease; vertical transmission of EBV appears to be exceptional. (6) Secondary EBV infections are associated with certain malignancies whereas such an association has not been recognized in the case of CMV. Toxoplasma gondii is another cause of HA-negative mononucleosis. Its complications in the heart, in skeletal muscle and in the central nervous system are related to direct invasion by the parasite. Cellular immunity plays an important role in defense against all three agents.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Statistical and epidemiological studies on cases of infectious mononucleosis treated in the Infectious Diseases Division of the Livorno Hospitals between 1964 and 1977].

Reference is made to a series of 133 patients with infectious mononucleosis admitted to a hospital department over a period of 14 yr. The incidence of the disease is assessed in terms of sex, age, season, and occupation. Its duration and the average length of hospital stay are also computed. Particular attention is directed to 25 cases with a negative serum finding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Infectious mononucleosis and agranulocytosis.

Infectious mononucleosis is often complicated by haematological abnormalities but agranulocytosis is so rare that a causal relationship has been questioned. We here describe 2 sisters, 3 and 5 years old, who both developed agranulocytosis or profound granulocytopenia 4-5 weeks after the acute onset of mononucleosis. No contributory cause could be found and we conclude that a constitutional disposition may be responsible for this complication.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1977

Malabsorption in infectious mononucleosis.

A case of infectious mononucleosis, complicated by malabsorption, is presented. Malabsorption was documented by abnormal d-xylose, small bowel series, 72-hour stool fat and jejunal biopsy. Small bowel abnormalities and other gastrointestinal manifestations of infectious mononucleosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[T- and B-lymphocyte determination in infectious mononucleosis].

In 12 children with infectious mononucleosis the peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes were studied and compared to a control group of 26 children, aged 2 to 13 years, without any infection. Spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosettes were used as a T-cell marker, demonstration of surface immunoglobulins by immunofluorescence technique was used as a B-cell marker. Patients with infectious mononucleosis showed a marked increase of T-lymphocytes (percentage and absolute numbers) in comparison with the control group; the difference was statistically significant. Since only B-lymphocytes are the target cells fo Epstein-Barr virus, the increase of T-lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis probably represents the response of cell mediated immunity against B-lymphocytes which are altered in their antigenic properties by Epstein-Barr virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infectious mononucleosis preceding acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

The patient discussed in this report had acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) associated with infectious mononucleosis. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) in association with acute leukemia (AL) has provided clinical investigators an active area of speculation for several years. Nineteen cases are presented for review in Table 1. The present case represents the second case of AMML to be associated with IM. It is the first case of a granulocytic leukemia reported in which active IM is occurring simultaneously with the onset of AL. Also, it represents the first case of associated IM-AL in which the diagnosis of IM is supported by lymphocyte culture data. This may represent a mechanism for additional investigation in future cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Abrogation of cell-mediated immunity by a serum blocking factor isolated from patients with infectious mononucleosis.

Lymphocytes from 80% of patients with infectious mononucleosis in this study failed to produce macrophage migration-inhibition factor in response to partially purified early antigen of Epstein-Barr virus or to tetanus toxoid, whereas lymphocytes from normal subjects did produce this lymphokine. Subsequent analysis of serum from the patients with infectious mononucleosis revealed a serum factor that completely abrogated antigen-specific inhibition of migration by human leukocytes as well as lymphocyte blastogenesis. The serum blocking factor was present in sera from 11 (73%) of 15 patients with infectious mononucleos but only in sera from two (13%) of 15 normal subjects. Samples of serum from five of the patients with infectious mononucleosis and five normal subjects were fractionated with use of Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and the eluants were assayed for several substances known to inhibit cell-mediated immunity. Serum blocking factor activity could be demonstrated only in fractionated sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis. The serum blocking factor is postulated to be either a soluble immune complex or some as yet unidentified immunoregulatory globulin contained in the IgG fraction of human serum.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1978

Infectious mononucleosis and Hodgkin's disease.

A cohort of 9,454 patients with infectious mononucleosis, serologically confirmed, was followed up to determine their risk of developing lymphoproliferative diseases. A total of 1,759 patients was identified in Scotland from 1959 to 1971 and 7,695 in Sweden from 1952 to 1970. The cancer cases were identified by matching the list of patients with infectious mononucleosis against a list of patients with lymphoma, nasopharyngeal and colon carcinomas registered through 1972 in Sweden and through 1973 in Scotland. A four-fold increase in risk was found for Hodgkin's disease based on 7 cases observed against 1.8 expected. Most of the excess cases of Hodgkin's disease occurred within three years of the diagnosis of infectious moonucleosis and among females. These results are similar to those of four other cohort studies and it is concluded that a positive association exists between infectious mononucleosis and Hodgkin's disease. Several explanations of this association were evaluated. Firstly, it may be that a very small proportion of persons who are in the course of developing Hodgkin's disease are temporarily misdiagnosed as having infectious mononucleosis. Secondly, infectious mononucleosis may increase the susceptibility to a factor which causes or promotes the development of Hodgkin's disease. Thirdly, infectious mononucleosis and Hodgkin's disease may share a common aetiology. Arguments in favour of, or against, each of these explanations are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IgM cold-warm hemolysins in infectious mononucleosis.

A patient with infectious mononucleosis and immune hemolytic anemia is described. The hemolysis was mediated by the temporary appearance of both a serum IgM anti-i cold agglutinin and an increase of red blood cell i antigen. The cold agglutinin had a high titer, low thermal amplitude and cold-warm hemolytic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Infectious mononucleosis in the elderly.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) was diagnosed in four patients over the age of 50 years. Their age, absence of splenomegaly, lack of significant lymphadenopathy in three and an atypical presentation in one all contributed to a delay in the diagnosis. In two patients, in whom complications occurred, the Paul-Bunnell test was repeatedly negative. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made by the measurement of the Epstein-Barr virus IgM using differential sucrose gradient centrifugation. Because the presentation and clinical features of IM can be misleading in the elderly, we believe that a significant number of cases may go unrecognized.

Age Factors↗