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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Health survey on workers and residents near the municipal waste and industrial waste incinerators in Korea.

Hazardous substances, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) also have been detected in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and industrial waste incinerators in Korea. In this study, we estimated the exposure status of these hazardous substances and their heath effects in workers and residents near the MSW incinerators and residents near the industrial waste incinerators. We interviewed 13 workers and 16 residents from the area around the two MSW incinerators, and further 10 residents from the area around one industrial waste incinerator, which is suspected to emit higher hazardous substances. During the interview we collected information including sociodemographic information, personal habits, work history, detailed gynecologic and other medical history. Blood samples from 45 subjects were also collected for analysis of PCDDs and PCDFs, which were analyzed by HRGC-HRMS (High Resolution Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometer). In addition to a questionnaire survey, urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as oxidative injury biomarkers. Urinary concentrations of 8-OH-dG were determined by in vitro ELISA (JAICA, Fukuroi, Japan). MDA were determined by HPLC using adduct with TBA (thiobarbituric acid). The PCDD/F concentrations in residents from the area around industrial waste incinerator were higher than those in workers and residents from the area around MSW incinerator. The average toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in residents from the area around industrial waste incinerator were 53.4 pg I-TEQs/g lipid. The average TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs in workers and residents near MSW incinerator were 12.2 pg I-TEQs/g lipid. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of each person was calculated, and the EDI of all workers and residents near MSW incinerator were within the tolerable daily intake range. But for only 30% of 10 people near the industrial waste incinerator were the EDI within the tolerable daily intake range (1-4 pg I-TEQ/kg bw/day) suggested by WHO (1997). The oxidative stress of residents near the industrial waste incinerator was higher than that in workers and residents from the area around MSW incinerator. This oxidative stress may have been caused by hazardous substances, such as PCDD/Fs emitted by incinerators. The residents from the area around industrial waste incinerator were exposed to hazardous substances such as PCDD/ Fs. Proper protection strategies against these hazardous chemicals are needed.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed2002

Isolation of a biodegradable sterol-rich fraction from industrial wastes.

Several industrial waste materials were screened for their sterol content. The possibility of using these industrial by-products as sterol sources for the microbiological production of 4-androsten-3,17-dione (AD) and 1,4-androsta-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) was investigated. Two methods of obtaining the sterol fraction from wastes were developed. Sterol-rich (96-98%) fractions were isolated in a yield above 70%, from a tall-oil effluent of a paper pulp industry and from edible-oil deodorizates. These fractions were subsequently used as a substrate for microbial degradation by a Mycobacterium sp. strain and proved to be easily converted to AD and ADD.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1970

Industrial wastes.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Industrial Waste↗
PubMed1990

Survey of occupational exposure of waste industry workers to infectious waste in Washington State.

We surveyed 940 Washington state waste industry workers to evaluate occupational exposure to potentially infectious materials (response rate 47 percent). Only 26 percent were trained specifically to deal with safety hazards associated with medical waste. For the year preceding the survey, 50 percent of respondents reported having received cuts and scratches on the job, 22 percent reported direct contact with waste blood on their clothing or shoes, 8 percent had blood exposure on their skin, 3 percent blood exposure on their face or eyes, and 6 percent occupational hypodermic needlestick injuries (10 percent among waste collectors.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Toxicity of industrial wastes and waste leaching test eluates containing organic compounds.

Leaching tests, CEN prEN 12457-2, CEN PrEN 12457-3, and NEN 7349, were conducted for varnish residue and urea resin waste, two industrial wastes containing organic chemicals. The leaching test eluates were analyzed for solvent concentrations and total organic carbon. Aqueous leaching tests were found to be suitable for both chemical and biological testing. Ecotoxicity was assessed by luminescent bacteria, plant root growth, reverse electron transport, and ToxiChromopad. The eluates were highly toxic but the toxicity decreased in later stages of the multistep leaching test (NEN 7349). Urea resin eluates were significantly less toxic than varnish residue eluates. The solid wastes markedly inhibited plant seed germination before and after the leaching test (CEN prEN 12457-3). The solid wastes were not biologically degradable in the standard test (ISO 14593), whereas the eluates from the CEN prEN 12457-3 test degraded slowly.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2001

Recycling and reuse of industrial wastes in Taiwan.

Eighteen million metric tons of industrial wastes are produced every year in Taiwan. In order to properly handle the industrial wastes, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (Taiwan EPA) has set up strategic programs that include establishment of storage, treatment, and final disposal systems, establishment of a management center for industrial wastes, and promotion of recycling and reuse of industrial wastes. The Taiwan EPA has been actively promoting the recycling and reuse of industrial wastes over the years. In July 1995 the Taiwan EPA amended and promulgated the Criteria for the Industrial Waste Storage, Collection and Processing Facility, July, 1995 that added articles related to general industrial waste recycling and reuse. In June 1996 the Taiwan EPA promulgated the Non-listed General Industrial Waste Reuse Application Procedures, June, 1996, followed by the Regulations Governing the Permitting of Hazardous Industrial Waste Reuse, June 1996, setting up a full regulatory framework for governing industrial waste reuse. To broaden the recycling and reuse of general industrial wastes, the Taiwan EPA has listed 14 industrial waste items for recycling and reuse, including waste paper, waste iron, coal ash, tempered high furnace bricks (cinder), high furnace bricks (cinder), furnace transfer bricks (cinder), sweetening dregs, wood (whole/part), glass (whole/part), bleaching earth, ceramics (pottery, brick, tile and cast sand), individual metal scraps (copper, zinc, aluminum and tin), distillery grain (dregs) and plastics. As of June 1999, 99 applications for reuse of industrial wastes had been approved with 1.97 million metric tons of industrial wastes being reused.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2003

Bioremediation: an important alternative for soil and industrial wastes clean-up.

Industrial and environmental biotechnology are going to new paths, resulting in processes with "clean technologies", with the maximum production and the less residues. Technologies of remediation and bioremediation are continuously being improved using genetically modified microorganisms or those naturally occurring, to clean residues and contaminated areas from toxic organics. Bioremediation of soils, water and marine environments has many advantages but at the same time it is a challenge for the researchers and engineers. Consequently, it is extremely important to carry out feasibility study based on pilot-testing before starting a remediation project in order to determine the best conditions for the process. The article presents a brief review of bioremediation including the description of the different methods applied to soil and industrial wastes, and, finally, some experiences of solid-state fermentation in relation to bioremediation.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

Estimation of the atmospheric corrosion on metal containers in industrial waste disposal.

Solid industrial waste are often stored in metal containers filled with concrete, and placed in well-aerated warehouses. Depending on meteorological conditions, atmospheric corrosion can induce severe material damages to the metal casing, and this damage has to be predicted to achieve safe storage. This work provides a first estimation of the corrosivity of the local atmosphere adjacent to the walls of the container through a realistic modeling of heat transfer phenomena which was developed for this purpose. Subsequent simulations of condensation/evaporation of the water vapor in the atmosphere were carried out. Atmospheric corrosion rates and material losses are easily deduced. For handling realistic data and comparison, two different meteorological contexts were chosen: (1) an oceanic and damp atmosphere and (2) a drier storage location. Some conclusions were also made for the storage configuration in order to reduce the extent of corrosion phenomena.

Atmosphere↗
PubMed2005

Potential utilization of guar gum industrial waste in vermicompost production.

Recycling of guar gum industrial waste through vermitechnology was studied under laboratory conditions by using composting earthworm Perionyx excavatus (Perrier). Three different combination of guar gum industrial waste namely guar gum industrial waste:cow dung:saw dust in 40:30:30 ratio (T1), guar gum industrial waste:cow dung:saw dust in 60:20:20 ratio (T2), and guar gum industrial waste:cow dung:saw dust in 75:15:10 ratio (T3) were used for vermicomposting experiments. Chemical changes during vermicomposting were measured and comparatively T2 showed great increase (from its initial level) for total N (25.4%), phosphorus (72.8%) and potassium (20.9%) than the other treatments. T2 also showed higher vermicomposting coefficient (VC), higher mean biomass for P. excavatus (146.68 mg) and higher cocoon production (about 21.9% and 645.5% more than the T1 and T3, respectively). Maximum earthworm mortality during vermicomposting was recorded with T3 treatment while zero mortality was recorded for T2 treatment after 150 days. Overall, T2 treatment appeared to be an ideal combination for enhancing maximum biopotential of earthworms to management guar gum industrial waste as well as for earthworm biomass and cocoon production.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Co-digestion with waste activated sludge for improved methanogenesis from high solids industrial waste.

The objective of this work was to study the anaerobic digestion of an industrial waste with 84% total and 57% volatile solids content. The waste was also characterized by high total COD content, 42% by weight. The anaerobic digestion of the waste alone and its co-digestion with the waste activated sludge (WAS) that is generated at the industrial facility were investigated. Particularly, kinetics of digesting the waste alone and co-digesting it with the WAS were determined. The substrate utilization rates under varying initial substrate concentrations were determined in batch reactors by measuring the methane generation rates. Then the substrate utilization rates were modeled according to the Monod kinetics. The solution to nonlinear regression resulted in the maximum specific substrate utilization rates (k) of 0.138 and 0.165 g COD g VSS(-1).day(-1) for the waste alone and the waste co-digested with the WAS, respectively. The half velocity constants (K s) were 4.390 and 4.860 g COD 1(-1) for the same conditions. It is important to note that since the methane generation data were used to determine the substrate utilization rates, these kinetic constants are likely to represent the methanogenic Archaea rather than the entire anaerobic consortium. It is concluded that the anaerobic co-digestion of this industrial waste with the WAS is beneficial from the digestion kinetics point of view since the k increased approximately 20% with the addition of the WAS. Moreover, there will be cost savings associated with digesting the WAS anaerobically rather than aerobically, the currently used method of WAS management, if anaerobic digestion is adopted in the future.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1985

Industrial wastes and public health: some historical notes, Part I, 1876-1932.

This article has focused on the relatively low priority accorded industrial wastes compared to human wastes by the public health community in the period from 1876 through 1932. The critical reason for this prioritization was the potential for acute health effects from human wastes as compared with the belief that industrial wastes had only indirect effects. State departments of health normally only responded to industrial wastes when they endangered the potable nature of water supplies or interfered with water and sewage treatment processes. Within the public health community, however, a relatively small group of interdisciplinary professionals argued for attention to the indirect health effects of industrial wastes and their impacts on the total stream environment. In conjunction with other groups interested in clean streams--such as sportsmen and manufacturers who required high quality process water--they pushed for a broader state legislative mandate in regard to pollution control. Some states created new bureaus or boards with responsibility for industrial wastes and the larger stream environment but the attack on industrial pollution remained limited in this period. The final significant development regarding industrial pollution and public health concerned the formulation by Streeter-Phelps of the Public Health Service of a theory of stream purification with a set of general quantitative indicators. This application was of particular importance in regard to the high-oxygen consuming nature of organic industrial wastes and the wide variety of effluents that existed. Industrial wastes constituted what Harvey Brooks, in his essay "Science Indicators and Science Priorities" calls a very "messy" research problem--one that does "not lend itself to elegant and widely applicable generalizations."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Wet oxidation of toxic industrial waste with oxygenated water].

The industrial toxic waste streams hot treatment technology with hydrogen peroxide and catalysts, developed by the research laboratories of Montefluos in Bollate, allows the abatement of many organic and bio-toxic pollutants. Some treatment examples are here reported. The examples, performed on a laboratory scale, relate to industrial waste streams with a high COD (100000-200000 mg/l) in which it was possible to obtain an abatement over the 90% of pollutants like phenols, formaldehyde, dimethylformamide and phenyl acetate. The application range of this technology is similar to that of oxygen or air wet oxidation, but it has remarkable advantages due to the lower plant, maintenance and energy costs, because the treatment is performed using much more bland conditions (atmospheric pressure and 90-100 degrees C of temperature). The aim of the bio-toxic pollutants abatement and COD reduction (70-80%) is to allow the final bio-digestion waste streams with high organic content, but too diluted to be directly incenerated at a suitable cost.

Hazardous Waste↗
PubMed1997

Exposure to Organic Dusts, Endotoxins, and Microorganisms in the Municipal Waste Industry.

The waste-collection and -processing industry in Europe is developing rapidly due to environmental constraints in the direction of separate collection, processing, and recycling of waste. It is likely that this will lead to an increase in the number of workers involved in the handling and processing of municipal waste, and an increase in the number of workers exposed to organic dust. This paper reports the results of an occupational hygiene study of the waste-collection and -processing industry (a compost-screening facility, a resource-recovery facility, and two waste-transfer facilities) in The Netherlands. It focuses on organic dusts, endotoxins, and microorganisms (total and gram-negative bacteria and fungi). Levels of exposure to inhalable organic dusts were highest in the waste-processing facilities (compost screening and resource recovery), with average concentrations for organic dusts up to 14.3 mg/m(3) during manual separation of waste and 9.7 mg/m(3) during compost screening activities. Personal endotoxin exposure was highest in the resource-recovery facility, ranging from 32.0 ng/m(3) for the supervisor to 131.1 ng/m(3) during manual separation of waste. High concentrations of microorganisms were found in all facilities. The highest levels for both total fungi and bacteria (<> 10&sup6; cfu/m(3)) were recorded in the dumping pit at the resource-recovery plant and in the dumping pit at one of the waste-transfer plants. It is concluded that high levels of exposures to microorganisms, and to a lesser extent organic dusts and endotoxins, are likely to occur in many processes and activities in the waste-transfer and -processing industry, and that the possibility of health effects due to these exposures cannot be excluded.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

[Industrial wastes and health hazards].

Uncontrolled industrial waste sites are potential sources of unplanned release of hazardous substances into the environment. According to the reports of the State Inspectorate for Environment Protection (PIOS), 60% of hazardous waste sites registered in Poland create potential or real threat to public health and the environment. hazardous substances migrating off the site can spread and affect the environmental media: ground water, surface water, air, soil, biota. They can also enter the human body. As a result of research studies aimed at identifying the hazard and assessing health effects posed by hazardous waste sites in the United States, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has identified seven groups of health effects most common among populations living in the vicinity of waste sites. These are: birth defects, cancer, immune function disorders, kidney and liver dysfunction, lung and respiratory diseases and neurotoxic disorders. However, the evidence based on exposure-effect relationship is not generally very strong. Most of the studies lack sufficiently accurate exposure assessment.

Climate↗