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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Pollution control of industrial wastewater from soap and oil industries: a case study.

Industrial wastewater from soap and oil industries represents a heavy pollution source on their receiving water body. This paper studies a case of pollution control at Tanta Soap and Oil Company, Banha Factory, Egypt. The factory production includes soap, edible oil, and animal fodder. About 4,347 m3/day of industrial wastewater effluent was discharged via gravity sewers to the public sewerage system. Most of the effluent was cooling water because the cooling process in the factory was open circle. In spite of the huge quantity of cooling water being disposed of, disposal of wastewater was violating pertinent legislation. Three procedures were used for controlling the pollution at the Banha Factory. Firstly, all open circuit cooling systems were converted to closed circuit thus reducing the quantity of the discharged wastewater down to 767 m3/day. Secondly, the heavily polluted oil and grease (O&G) wastewater from the refinery unit is treated via two gravity oil separator (GOS) units, dissolved air floatation (DAF), and biological units in order to reduce the high levels of O&G, BOD, COD, and SS to the allowable limits. Thirdly, the heavily polluted waste effluent from the 'red water' saponification unit is treated separately by acidification to convert the emulsified fatty acid to free form in order to be separated through an oil separation unit. The effluent is then passed to liming stage to neutralize excess acidity and precipitate some of the dissolved matters. The mixture is finally clarified and the pH is adjusted to the allowable limits. The effluent wastewater from the three processes is collected and mixed in a final equalization tank for discharging effluent to the public sewerage system. The characteristics of the effluent water are very good with respect to the allowable Egyptian limits for discharging effluent to the public sewerage system.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed1989

[Complex study of various pathogenetic and physiologic parameters of the health status of watchmen in the oil industry].

Complex examination of oil industry workers and those engaged in nonproductive area (control group) was undertaken. It was established that in both groups there were persons with a high level of cells with cytogenetic disturbances (micronuclear test). However, as opposed to control group, oil industry workers had higher levels of systolic and pulse pressure. Besides it was shown that after 12 hours of work at an oil field under winter conditions in the north area of the Tomsk Region they had higher body temperature. It appeared that these persons primarily had the longest term of professional service. Further examination of persons with especially high level of micronuclei cells showed that they had elevated lymphocyte amount with chromosome impairments and some parameters of T- and B-immunoreactivity, phagocytosis and activity of normal killer cells were changed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Use of waste ash from palm oil industry in concrete.

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA), a by-product from the palm oil industry, is disposed of as waste in landfills. In this study, POFA was utilized as a pozzolan in concrete. The original size POFA (termed OP) was ground until the median particle sizes were 15.9 microm (termed MP) and 7.4 microm (termed SP). Portland cement Type I was replaced by OP, MP, and SP of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of binder. The properties of concrete, such as setting time, compressive strength, and expansion due to magnesium sulfate attack were investigated. The results revealed that the use of POFA in concretes caused delay in both initial and final setting times, depending on the fineness and degree of replacement of POFA. The compressive strength of concrete containing OP was much lower than that of Portland cement Type I concrete. Thus, OP is not suitable to be used as a pozzolanic material in concrete. However, the replacement of Portland cement Type I by 10% of MP and 20% of SP gave the compressive strengths of concrete at 90 days higher than that of concrete made from Portland cement Type I. After being immersed in 5% of magnesium sulfate solution for 364 days, the concrete bar mixed with 30% of SP had the same expansion level as that of the concrete bar made from Portland cement Type V. The above results suggest that ground POFA is an excellent pozzolanic material and can be used as a cement replacement in concrete. It is recommended that the optimum replacement levels of Portland cement Type I by MP and SP are 20% and 30%, respectively.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burden of coronary heart disease on the Iranian oil industry (1999-2000).

To estimate the direct cost of coronary heart disease (CHD) to the Iranian oil industry, we calculated the cost of essential services for 1253 CHD patients admitted to the National Iranian Oil Corporation (NIOC) Central Hospital. The direct cost of CHD at the Hospital was 10940 million rials (US$ 1 = 8000 rials), or 8.7 million rials per patient. The direct cost of CHD to the Iranian oil industry was estimated at 22 770 million rials. Working days lost to workers hospitalized for CHD amounted to 62 832. The heavy burden of CHD on the Iranian oil industry necessitates the introduction of an industry-wide prevention programme.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1990

[Dynamics and structure of morbidity with temporary disability among oil-industry workers in Western Siberia].

The analysis of disease-caused temporary disability among oil-industry workers in Western Siberia permitted to reveal its major trends and the dependence of the level, severity and pattern of disability on the age-and-sex structure and length of service. The level of disease-caused temporary disability is being determined at industrial enterprises which necessitates the in-depth study of the given populations of oil-industry workers.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2003

Integration of geoscience and engineering in the oil industry - just a dream?

The past two decades of the twentieth century have been very 'rocky' for the oil industry, as shown by the overall negative perception of the oil companies by the general public. Fluctuating oil prices, many rounds of staff redundancies, environmental disasters and budget cuts supported the overall image of the oil industry as being 'the technology impaired and environmentally insensible giant'. But advances and positive changes have been quietly happening in most of the oil companies. In the twenty-first century, we will witness the metamorphosis of the oil and gas companies into energy businesses - the era of cleaner and safer oil and gas production, and alternative energy resources such as wind, solar and hydrogen is already underway.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2000

Safety and industrial relations in the Newfoundland offshore oil industry since the Ocean Ranger disaster in 1982.

Based on an examination of safety and industrial relations since the Ocean Ranger disaster, the article argues that government and industry changes have not fully addressed the problems that emerged from the investigation. Although the establishment of a single regulatory agency in the province is an improvement, some jurisdictional ambiguity remains and occupational health and safety regulations are still in draft form after their introduction more than ten years ago. Unionization is seen as an important step toward a safe workplace offshore, particularly in view of some current concerns: working schedules, training, evacuation, and search-and-rescue helicopters.

Journal Article↗