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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Individual identification of human bloodstains investigated with hypervariable DNA loci.

Seven kinds of hypervariable DNA probes, which recognize hypervariable loci, were applied for individual identification of human bloodstains. Allelic frequencies and their confidence intervals among unrelated Japanese individuals were previously reported from our laboratory, and codominant segregation of the polymorphism was confirmed in family studies. One-month-old bloodstains from ten individuals were investigated in the present study. The probability of matching was calculated using the database among Japanese population. Cumulative probability of matching from 7 kinds of hypervariable DNA probes was 1.1 x 10(-11), which was 4.5 x 10(9) times higher than that from 6 kinds of common blood group markers such as ABO, MN, Rh-Hr, P1, Hp and PGM1. Accordingly, DNA polymorphism is considered to be informative enough for individual identification of bloodstains.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Individual identification from semen by the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprint technique.

For individual identification from semen, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprint technique was used. In a blind trial, we succeeded in determining the semen donors among several volunteers comparing the DNA fingerprints of the blood and semen samples, respectively. Thereafter, we examined semen in a condom left beside a naked female dead body. The DNA fingerprint of the semen was recognized to be identical to that of the blood from a suspected man arrested later. This is the first report that the DNA fingerprint technique was practically used in a criminal investigation in Japan.

DNA↗
PubMed1990

Hypervariable regions of DNA for parentage testing and individual identification.

Four kinds of DNA probes that recognize hypervariable regions (HVR) were studied for parentage testing and individual identification. Allele frequencies and their confidence intervals among unrelated Japanese individuals were obtained. Codominant segregation of the polymorphism was confirmed in family studies. Two a priori probabilities were calculated for each HVR locus: the exclusion probabilities for an alleged father/mother/child trio and for an alleged parent/child duo, and the probabilities of matching of genotypes of two unrelated individuals or two siblings. The ease of availability of the probes and their highly discriminating polymorphic patterns mean they could be very useful for forensic purposes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

[Individual identification from extremely contaminated forensic specimens by sequencing cloned mitochondrial D-loop genes].

The PCR-amplified fragments of the human mitochondrial DNA were cloned, and independent clones were sequenced to identify individuals from trace amount of a composite forensic specimen originated from plural number of the individuals. The amplification of the mitochondrial DNA is suitable for forensic analysis where the specimens are highly degraded in most cases for its extremely high copy number and polymorphism as compared with the chromosomal DNA. And cloning procedure simplifies to correspond results to each individuals. Except three non-related individuals out of 34 cases analysed so far who gave identical sequence, the sequence in this segment were highly specific to each individuals and this procedure was extremely beneficial in individual identification from trace amount of highly contaminated and degraded forensic specimens.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Possibilities for individual identification of hair roots using DNA probes].

High-molecular weight DNA was extracted from hair roots. The obtained DNA was digested with Hae III and Msp I and transferred to nylon membranes by Southern blotting. The possibility of applying a probe for sex determination (pHY2.1) a "single-locus"-probe (YNH24) as well as a "multi-locus"-probe (M13) was examinated as a function of the amount of hair being supplied. In the laboratory experiment a single hair root was enough for a sex determination or individual identification. Because of methodical difficulties in practice this kind of profiling should only be done with several hair roots.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Simplified method of odontograms for individual identification.

A computerized method of codifying dental lesions and treatment is presented to enable faster identification of victims of catastrophes. Each tooth is assigned a bidigital value. The first digit refers to the root and designates whether it is found to be perfect, damaged and/or treated, or absent. The second digit refers to the crown and is assigned according to the number of surfaces showing lesions or treatment. For the identification of corpses, missing individuals whose record reveals values less than or equal to those of the subject in every tooth (or of each quadrant in cases of doubt) are selected for consideration from the data base. Individuals who have even one tooth with a value greater than that of the subject are eliminated.

Dental Records↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Highly polymorphic minisatellite DNA probes. Further evaluation for individual identification and paternity testing.

Reliable and reproducible protocols have been developed for the routine DNA fingerprinting of individuals using the highly polymorphic minisatellite DNA probes 33.15 and 33.6. Comparison of DNA fingerprinting from 50 individuals has generated further data on the level of band sharing in the DNA fingerprints of unrelated individuals, as well as the number of bands scorable in individuals. These results are consistent with previous studies. The occurrence of mutant bands in offspring has been examined in over 100 families. Further support is presented for the Mendelian inheritance of minisatellite loci and for lack of significant allelism and linkage between different variable DNA fragments detected in a human DNA fingerprint.

Alleles↗
PubMed1977

National individual identification of horses.

Methods of equine identification including signalment, blood typing tattooing and freeze marking are discussed. A new system of individually identifying horses with an unalterable freeze mark is proposed. Unalterable numerical and alphabetical symbols have been developed to apply a registration number to the animal.

Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed1992

Non-acid glycosphingolipid expression in plasma of an A1 Le(a-b+) secretor human individual: identification of an ALeb heptaglycosylceramide as major blood group component.

Total non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from plasma of an A1 Le(a-b+) secretor individual with Refsum's disease (phytanic acid storage disease). The glycolipids were separated into 11 fractions by open column chromatography and by HPLC. The fractions were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and tested for different blood group A activities as well as blood group Le(a )and Leb activity. The fractions were structurally characterized by proton NMR spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry and in selected cases by EI mass spectrometry of the permethylated and permethylated-reduced derivatives. Degradation analysis was performed on partially permethylated or permethylated-reduced alditol acetates. The dominating blood group compound was found to be a blood group A active type 1 chain difucosylheptaglycosylceramide. Other blood group compounds were identified as a blood group A active type 1 chain monofucosylhexaglycosylceramide, a blood group Leb hexaglycosylceramide, a blood group H active type 1 chain pentaglycosylceramide, and a globotetraosylceramide (the P-antigen). The presence of a Le(a) glycosphingolipid and blood group A type 3/4 chain structures were also found by immunostaining. Glucosyl-, lactosyl-, and globotriaosylceramides were the dominating short chain compounds. The amount of phytanic acid incorporated into the monoglycosylceramide fraction was found to be less than 5% of the fatty acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hypervariable polymorphic VNTR loci for parentage testing and individual identification.

Three kinds of variable number of tandem repeat DNA probes (VNTR: pYNZ22, pYNH24, and pYNZ2) showing hypervariable polymorphisms were studied. Allelic frequencies and their confidence intervals among Japanese individuals were obtained. Co-dominant segregation of the polymorphism was confirmed in family studies. Two a priori probabilities were calculated for each VNTR locus: exclusion probabilities for an alleged father/mother/child trio and for an alleged parent/child duo, and probabilities of matching of genotyped two unrelated individuals or two siblings. Availability as well as highly discriminating polymorphic pattern of VNTR loci makes it potentially very useful for forensic and human genetic purposes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

Individual identification by VNTR analysis using minisatellite DNA probe to distinguish variable alleles at a single locus.

Variable number of tandem repeat analysis using a ministatellite DNA probe pYNH24 to distinguish variable alleles at a single locus was applied to forensic analysis of DNA extracted from a murder and body abandonment specimen. Two bands detected by pYNH24 correspond to identical DNA from both the upper and lower halves of a separated body, suggesting that these halves were from the same body.

DNA Probes↗