A comparative study of relative incidence of stone types between a transient military population and the indigenous population of the Hawaiian Islands.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Asian People↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Indigenous Population”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Differences in the surgical admissions to hospital between the indigenous and non-indigenous populations of Australia.
BACKGROUND: The overall rate of admission to hospital for indigenous Australians is in general much higher than that for the non-indigenous Australians. However, this result is not uniform for surgical and medical admissions. Previous studies in the Northern Territory have suggested a cultural aversion to surgery among indigenous Australians. In the present study the current data of admission to hospital are analysed to explore the pattern for surgical procedures in the indigenous population and to determine whether the disparity between indigenous and non-indigenous populations still exists at this later period. METHODS: Admission data for all acute public and private hospitals in New South Wales (NSW) for the 6-year period 1989-1995 are used for this analysis. RESULTS: It is shown that when adjustments have been made for the differing age composition of the two populations in NSW, the medical admission rate for the indigenous population is approximately double that for the non-indigenous population. In contrast, the non-indigenous admission rate for surgical procedure is approximately 1.3 times the indigenous surgical admission rate. In addition, while approximately one-third of non-indigenous admissions are for surgical procedure, this proportion is only one-sixth of the indigenous admissions. Indigenous people are more likely to be admitted for emergency surgery rather than planned surgery. and while approximately 25% of the surgical admissions in the indigenous population are through emergency, this proportion is only 14% in the non-indigenous population. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the disparity between admission patterns for indigenous and non-indigenous populations still exists in NSW at this later period, particularly in rural areas. There appears to be a need to find ways to overcome a possible bias within the indigenous population against surgery. It is possible that medical treatments are being substituted for surgical procedures.
Adolescent↗
[The indigenous population in Latin American censuses].
"On reviewing the information about the indigenous population in the [Latin American] census data, clear discrepancies can be found. The main problem lies in the various definitions of indigenous population....The greatest difficulty arises from the multiple dimensionality of socio-cultural elements.... Existing estimates on indigenous population for the whole region largely vary and, in most cases, seem to be determined by strong emotions or, at least, based on highly subjective criteria. In spite of the strong criticism about the estimates taken from the population censuses, this source is generally one of the few with a real base." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Censuses↗
Goitre prevalence in indigenous population of Evenkia.
Representatives of indigenous northern peoples (the Evenks and the Kets) living in a large Siberian territory named Evenkia were studied. There were children 6-14 years of age and adults aged 18-45 years. Thyroid volumes were determined by ultrasound. Iodine excretion was estimated. Normal thyroid volumes were found in 27.5% of the children. A high prevalence of goitre was detected in the adults. 55.4% of the women and 29.1% of the men had thyroid volumes above normal upper limits. Nodular goitres were found in 10.8% of the adults. 58.8% of the subjects had urinary iodine excretion below 10 micrograms/dl. Data show that the territory of Evenkia, settled by northern aborigines, is iodine deficient. The usage of the iodinated salt is ineffective. The preservation of the iodine content in salt remains the main problem in this area. In addition, some other goitrogenic agents may contribute to the high goitre prevalence in the indigenous population in Evenkia.
Adolescent↗
Policy implications of indigenous population change, 1991-1996.
"Since 1971 the indigenous population of Australia has trebled. From 1991 to 1996 numbers grew by 33 percent, 16 percent more than had been projected. This unexpected increase was highest in the southeast, especially in Tasmania and the ACT. Much of it can be explained by out-marriage. In 1996, 64 percent of couples (in married or de facto relationships) included a non-indigenous partner. Most of the children from these intermixed relationships have been counted as indigenous persons in the Census."
Australia↗
Genetic structure of the indigenous populations of Siberia.
This study explores the genetic structure of Siberian indigenous populations on the basis of standard blood group and protein markers and DNA variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) variation. Four analytical methods were utilized in this study: Harpending and Jenkin's R-matrix; Harpending and Ward's method of correlating genetic heterozygosity (H) to the distance from the centroid of the gene frequency array (rii); spatial autocorrelation, and Mantel tests. Because of the underlying assumptions of the various methods, the numbers of populations used in the analyses varied from 15 to 62. Since spatial autocorrelation is based upon separate correlations between alleles, a larger number of standard blood markers and populations were used. Fewest Siberian populations have been sampled for VNTRs, thus, only a limited comparison was possible. The four analytical procedures employed in this study yielded complementary results suggestive of the effects of unique historical events, evolutionary forces, and geography on the distribution of alleles in Siberian indigenous populations. The principal components analysis of the R-matrix demonstrated the presence of populational clusters that reflect their phylogenetic relationship. Mantel comparisons of matrices indicate that an intimate relationship exists between geography, languages, and genetics of Siberian populations. Spatial autocorrelation patterns reflect the isolation-by-distance model of Malecot and the possible effects of long-distance migration.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in circumpolar indigenous populations.
The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in several genetically closely related indigenous populations in the circumpolar arctic and subarctic regions of Russia, Alaska and Canada is compared. The age-standardized (to the IARC's hypothetical world population) prevalence ranged from 1.8/1000 among the Chukchi and Eskimo of Chukotka, 3.6 and 7.9/1000 among the Eskimos/Inuit of the Canadian Northwest Territories (NWT) and Alaska respectively, 7.1, 9.3 and 18.6/1000 among Athapaskan Indians in the NWT, Yukon and Alaska respectively, to a high of 22.7/1000 among the Aleuts in Alaska. All are below the US all-race prevalence of 23.5/1000 and far below the extreme high prevalence reported from many North American Indian tribes. As a group, such arctic and subarctic peoples have a much shorter and less intense history of European contact and acculturation. Environmental factors are also likely to be responsible for the current differences between these indigenous populations in the circumpolar region, assuming that they share susceptibility genes for diabetes inferred from their close genetic relationships based on markers in other loci. Formal surveys of glucose tolerance and potential risk factors such as diet, physical activity, obesity, insulin resistance and genetic admixture in the circumpolar region would improve knowledge of the aetiology of diabetes in genetically and culturally diverse human populations.
Adult↗
Australia's indigenous population: policy implications of demographic change.
"The demography of Australia's indigenous population is quite distinct from that of the mainstream.... Given the pressing policy significance of demographic analysis in indigenous affairs, three questions, in particular, appear of immediate relevance: How fast is the population growing and how is it likely to grow over the coming years? What is the age structure of the population and how is this likely to change? What is the spatial distribution of the population and how is this changing? This paper outlines the basic facts regarding each of these questions and considers the broad policy implications of indigenous population change into the new millennium."
Age Distribution↗
Seroepidemiological survey of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus among indigenous populations in Taiwan.
The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV) was examined in Taiwan's indigenous populations. In all, 797 healthy subjects in Taiwan including Han Chinese and nine indigenous populations (Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Saisiat, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsuo, and Yami) were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTLV by particle agglutination, indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot test. Two seropositive cases were found in this screening. One Saisiat male and a Han Chinese female were seropositive for HTLV. The Western blot profile indicated the virus was type-1 HTLV.
Adult↗
Assessing community health among indigenous populations in Ecuador with a participatory approach: implications for health reform.
Health reform is an important movement in countries throughout the region of the Americas, which could profoundly influence how basic health services are provided and who receives them. Goals of health sector reform include to improve quality, correct inefficiencies, and reduce inequities in current systems. The latter may be especially important in countries with indigenous populations, which are thought to suffer from excess mortality and morbidity related to poverty. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a community health assessment conducted in 26 indigenous communities in the Province of Cotopaxi in rural Ecuador. It is hoped that this information will inform the health reform movement by adding to the current understanding of the health and socioeconomic situation of indigenous populations in the region while emphasizing a participatory approach toward understanding the social forces impacting upon health. This approach may serve as a model for empowering people through collective action. Recommended health reform strategies include: 1) Develop a comprehensive plan for health improvement in conjunction with stakeholders in the general population, including representatives of minority groups; 2) Conduct research on the appropriate mix between traditional medicine, primary health care strategies, and high technology medical services in relation to the needs of the general population; 3) Train local health personnel and traditional healers in primary health care techniques; 4) Improve access to secondary and tertiary health services for indigenous populations in times of emergency; and 5) Advocate for intersectoral collaboration among government institutions as well as non-governmental organizations and the private sector.
Community Health Planning↗
[Mortality of foreign and indigenous population in the German Federal Republic].
Comparative mortality studies with respect to nationality have not yet been published in a comprehensive way for the Federal Republic of Germany. A recent special analysis of causes of death for German mortality statistics of the year 1986 indicates a lower mortality risk among the migrant compared to the indigenous population. Apart from potential biases, such as underreporting of nationality of death cases or overestimation of the size of the non-indigenous population in Germany, from the perspective of socio-epidemiology the possibility arises that selection processes lastingly affect the mortality risk of migrants. The dependence of the length of stay from the quality of the state of health or rather a plausible increased likelihood of remigration in case of chronic disease may constitute important influences, which could explain the differences in mortality between indigenous and migrant population.
Adult↗
Hypolactasia in the indigenous populations of northern Russia.
The distribution of hypolactasia (PH) in the indigenous populations of the polar and related territories of the Russian Federation was investigated by an oral lactose tolerance. The frequency of hypolactasia in Kildin Saami population is 48%, Komi-Izhem-63%, Northern Mansi-71%, Northern Khanty-72%, West Siberia Nenets-78%. Generally hypolactasia frequencies in indigenous groups of Arctic and Sub-Arctic territories of Russia are higher than in the "reference" samples of Slav (Russian, 40-49%) and Permian Finn (Komi-Permiak and Udmurtian, 50-59%) groups.
Adolescent↗
Glucose tolerance and physical activity in a Mexican indigenous population.
OBJECTIVE: To assess diabetes prevalence and physical activity among an indigenous population in Mexico. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 101 adult (mean age = 38 years) Mixtec Indians living on the outskirts of Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca, Mexico, volunteered to be measured for height, weight, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and physical activity. RESULTS: According to World Health Organization criteria, 2 women were diabetic and 42 subjects (15 men, 27 women) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Although the population was generally lean, with a mean +/- SD body mass index (BMI) of 23.0 +/- 2.7 kg/m2 for men (n = 47) and 22.8 +/- 3.0 kg/m2 for women (n = 54), the group with normal glucose tolerance had a significantly lower BMI than those with abnormal glucose tolerance (IGT or diabetes). Men were significantly more physically active than women, and a larger percentage of women (54%) than men (32%) had abnormal glucose tolerance. However, within gender groups, there was not a significant effect of physical activity on status of glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: The Mixtec population may be genetically predisposed to non-insulin-dependent diabetes, although their current lifestyle provides a protective effect. Less of a protective effect is seen for females, however. It is expected that further environmental changes impacting energy balance will have the most damaging repercussions for diabetes prevalence among Mixtec women.
Adult↗
VNTR DNA variation in Siberian indigenous populations.
The VNTR loci D7S104, D11S129, D18S17, D20S15, and D21S112 in three indigenous Siberian populations were analyzed to determine the populations' genetic structure. Using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we found that the Siberian indigenous populations of Surinda and Sulamai are separated at the D11S129 locus (p < 0.05). However, the population of Poligus is genetically homogeneous compared with the villages of Sulamai and Surinda. Principal component plots for the sets of VNTR loci cluster the Siberian groups together, reflecting the homogeneity of these populations. An analysis of mean per locus heterozygosity versus the distance from the centroid of distribution suggests gene flow into Sulamai but little genetic exchange with Surinda and Poligus. Ultimately, the VNTR data reflect the genetic distinctiveness of the Kets and the Evenki.
Alleles↗
Genetic structure of seven Mexican indigenous populations based on five polymarker loci.
This descriptive study investigates the genetic structure of seven Mexican indigenous populations (Mixteca Alta, Mixteca Baja, Otomies, Purepecha, Nahuas-Guerrero, Nahuas-Xochimilco, and Tzeltales) on the basis of five PCR-based polymorphic DNA loci: LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and GC. Genetic distance and diversity analyses indicate that these Mexican indigenous are similar and that more than 96% of the total gene diversity (H(T)) can be attributed to individual variation within populations. Mixteca-Alta, Mixteca-Baja, and Nahuas-Xochimilco show indications of higher admixture with European-derived persons. The demonstration of a relative genetic homogeneity of Mexican Indians for the markers studied suggests that this population is suitable for studying disease-marker associations in the search for candidate genes of complex diseases.
Gene Frequency↗
Comparison of periodontal disease status of adults in two untreated indigenous populations of Guatemala, Central America.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the periodontal disease levels of two distinct indigenous populations of Guatemala, Central America, to determine whether differences exist. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional studies were performed in adults from the communities of San Juan La Laguna, SJLL (n = 125) and Tzununa (n = 54). In both cases, full-mouth pocket probing depths (PPDs) and clinical attachment levels (CALs) were measured by a single examiner, and the same examiner was employed in both studies. Recession at each site was derived from PPD and CAL measures. RESULTS: Tooth number did not differ significantly between SJLL and Tzununa (28.0 and 27.2, respectively). With respect to periodontal disease status, the percentage of sites with PPD >or= 5, 6 and 7 mm did not differ significantly, although mean PPD was significantly greater in the Tzununa sample (P = 0.01). Mean CAL and percentage of sites with CAL >or= 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm was significantly greater in SJLL than in Tzununa (P < 0.005) and the difference increased with age. Mean recession was also significantly greater in SJLL than Tzununa (P < 0.005), as was the percentage of sites with recession >or= 3 mm (P = 0.02), 4 mm (P = 0.002) and 5 mm (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The disease levels differed between these two indigenous Guatemalan communities. Whether this has a primarily environmental or genetic basis remains to be elucidated. :
Adolescent↗
[Medical, ecological, social and labor adaptation of the indigenous population of the North-Eastern regions of Russia].
Social and economic status of the indigenous population of the Extreme North-East is critical; fundamentals of vital activity and health status of aborigines drastically deteriorated in recent years. The proposed measures will decrease the social strain, provide rational nutrition, and introduce into practical public health new approaches to medical ecological prophylaxis of many diseases.
Adult↗
[Restriction polymorphism of the major noncoding region of mtDNA in the indigenous population of the TUVA republic].
Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation was examined in three rural populations of the indigenous inhabitants from the Tuva Republic. The frequencies of restriction sites within the D-loop region of mtDNA were determined. The three populations studied demonstrated similar patterns of mtDNA polymorphism. Like other Siberian populations, Tuvinians were characterized by high frequencies of the HaeIII 16517 and AspS9I (Cfr13I) 16516 restriction sites (about 75%). Moreover, in Tuvinians, a relatively low (71 to 81%) frequency of the KpnI 16129 restriction site was observed. The frequency of the mitotype differing from the Cambridge sequence by the HaeIII 16517 and KpnI 16129 sites in Tuvinians was higher than in Mongols and Russians. The features of mtDNA polymorphism point to the similarity between Tuvinians and other Siberian ethnic groups (Sel'kups in particular). This can be explained by the contribution of the Samoyed component, along with the Turkic and Mongoloid ones, to the formation of the Tuvinian ethnic group.
DNA, Mitochondrial↗