Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Incus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

On the statics of malleus and incus and on the function of the malleus-incus joint.

An electromagnetic probe was used for statistical measurements on human temporal bone preparations in the malleus-incus region. When forces of 5 and 10 mN (milliNewton) were applied to certain points, the displacement of the malleus was considerably greater close to the umbo than in the region of the short process. According to the lever laws, a pivot was determined which was situated approximately in the mass centre of malleus and incus if two measuring points were chosen which were situated close to the umbo. The pivot was far outside the mass centre when the measuring points were closer to the head of the malleus. The conclusion was that statistically both auditory ossicles have no fixed pivot; rather, they are in a position to adapt to each oscillation of the tympanum. When forces were applied alternately at the malleus and incus with the same lever arm, a different displacement was measured, varying with the force applied. Greater forces led to more pronounced differences in displacement than did smaller forces. When forces of1 mN and below were applied, no differences in the displacement were ascertained. This shows that the malleus-incus joint was flexible if greater forces were applied. In dynamic terms, we can assume the existence of a protective mechanism about 120 dB.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1977

[Experiences with incus autografts and preserved incus homografts in ear surgery (author's transl)].

The healing process of free-transplantated incus autografts and preserved homografts in the middle-ear is largely non-irritating. They are suited for sound transmission. Under the osteoinductive influence of the non-vital graft, ingrowing vascular connective tissue of the host differentiates itself in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondroblasts. The grafts are revitalised in relation to time. Rarely a marked resorption of preserved incus homografts was noticed in consequence of an antigen-antibody-reaction between the host and the implant which, however, never occurred in autografts.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1975

Incus window in transposition.

In aiding the positioning of the incus in incus transposition, a hole, the incus window, is drilled completely through the body of the incus. Through the window the surgeon has a visual as well as a tactile reference to the head of the stapes. At one year results show that 182 of 201 patients closed the air-bone gap to within 20 dB of the preoperative bone level.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1986

Computed tomography of the disarticulated incus.

Complete incus disarticulation may be a complication of trauma, chronic otitis, or prosthetic stapedectomy. Purposeful incus disarticulation (with incus interposition) is used as a method of ossicular reconstruction. CT has been a valuable diagnostic tool for preoperative location of the incus in the former disorders and for determination of the status of the ossiculoplasty in the latter.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1979

The histopathology of the incus after stapedectomy.

Twenty-two temporal bones subjected to stapedectomy were examined by light microscopy for histological changes in the long process of the incus. In 19 cases a stainless steel wire technique had been used and in three a polyethylene tube operation had been performed. Twenty healthy unoperated ears were examined as controls. In all operated ears fibrosis and reduced vascularity of the mucosa was noted. In the polyethylene tube group, 1 ear showed the growth of new bone into the lumen of the tube and 1 showed minor resorption of the long process of the incus. In the stainless steel wire group bone resorption of the long process of the incus. In the stainless steel wire group bone resporption was seen in 5 cases and 1 incus also showed an area of necrosis adjacent to the tip; 2 of the 5 incudes showed some loss of the lenticular process. The main factor relating to bony resorption in this group was the presence of other histological changes resulting from postoperative inflammation. These findings represent a critical histological examination; the hearing results obtained appear to be good, although full audiometry is lacking.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Virtual image of the incus from a saline lens: an aid to safe dissection of the mastoid antrum.

Dissection of the antrum requires judicious visualization of the tegmen, horizontal canal, incus, and facial nerve. Inadvertent contact with the incus by the power drill may cause significant acoustic trauma. An effective "early warning device" accurately predicting exposure of the incus may be constructed with the saline irrigation fluid. The formation of the meniscus at the antrum permits visualization of the image of the incus around the corner of the bony canal wall overhang. A thin-lens model of this phenomenon has been created for first-order analysis of the optics, and it provides useful criteria for using this image. Image minification, displacement, and distortion were analyzed. A more complex model was then created to assess the impact of changing meniscus shape. The latter helped in understanding an added "swinging-door effect" noted as the meniscus was altered. The model predicted accurately the phenomena as observed in the temporal bone preparation. Illustrative examples of the optics and photographic demonstrations of the phenomena are presented.

Dissection↗
PubMed1978

Allograft stapes-incus assembly. A new ossiculoplasty.

In 45 patients with absence of the stapedial arch, including 24 with a history of radical surgery and without ossicles, the head of an allograft stapes was placed on the patient's footplate and on top of this an incus body, either as allograft or autograft. The results of this assembly, judging by different methods of analysis, are the same as in 45 ears having approximately the same pathologic condition treated by an autograft or allograft incus as the columella between the footplate and eardrum. The allograft stapes-incus assembly is an alternative method to the commonly used incudal columella, particularly in patients previously subjected to radical surgery in whom all ossicles are absent.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1992

Allograft stapes-incus assembly. Long-term results.

In 35 patients with absence of the stapedial arch, with a history of radical surgery, and without ossicles, the head of an allograft stapes was placed on the patients' footplates and an allograft incus body on the top of this. The long-term results of this assembly, judging by different methods of analysis, are still somewhat better than those of 98 ears with approximately the same pathologic condition treated by an allograft incus as the columella between the footplate and fascia. The allograft stapes-incus assembly is an alternative method to the commonly used incudal columella. The allograft stapes has not been resorbed to a significant degree during the years after surgery.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1986

Silastic coated incus in tympanoplasty: a preliminary report.

In 54 ears lacking the stapedial arch and the long process of the incus, ossiculoplasty was performed with a shaped auto- or homologous incus as columella. In 29 of the ears, the deep, slender part of the columella was coated with a silastic tube in order to prevent adhesions and dislocation. One year after the operation the functional results were similar in patients with silastic coating of the incus to those without. It is concluded that the less satisfactory results of tympanoplasty in such ears are primarily caused by factors outside the niche of the oval window. Possible ways of improving the results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Stapedectomy: incus bypass procedures. A report of 203 operations.

The records of 203 stapedectomy operations in which we used a prosthesis from the malleus handle or a columella from the tympanic membrane were reviewed; 63 operations were primary stapedectomies, and 85% had a postoperative conductive deficit of 15 dB or less. The most common single indication for an incus bypass procedure was idiopathic malleus head fixation. Sixty-six operations were revision stapedectomies; 65% had a postoperative deficit of 15 dB or less. In 50% the bypass indication was necrosis of the incus. There were 74 stapedectomies in a previously fenestrated ear; 60% had a postoperative deficit of 15 dB or less. Incus bypass procedures in stapedectomy, when indicated, yield satisfactory hearing results. Otolaryngologists who perform stapedectomy must be familiar with these procedures.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Cavernous hemangioma of the incus (an incidental finding).

The incidental discovery of a cavernous hemangioma in an apparently normal incus found during pathological examination is reported. The incus had been removed during the course of a total osseous labyrinthectomy for delayed endolymphatic hydrops (DEH), and this unexpected finding noted. Although rare, hemangiomatous involvement of the temporal bone does occur and its manifestations are discussed. To date there have been no other reports of a hemangioma involving the incus solely.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Tympanoplasty with incus interposition].

We report on a 5-year experience with 44 patients (1980-1985) with incus interposition using a modelled or sculptured incus, either autograft or homograft, to correct ossicular discontinuity when a functional malleus and stapes are present. After a period of 21 months, 75% of our patients achieved an air-bone gap closure between 1 and 10 dB. The postoperative hearing results of patients with trauma and middle ear atelectases were better than the hearing results of patients with cholesteatomas. These long-term results are dependent upon intact malleus attic ligaments and an intact tensor tympani tendon. It is very important that the modelled incus is repositioned under the malleus handle neck.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ossiculoplasty using a hemi-incus interposition.

A damaged incus is one of the common reconstruction problems encountered by the otologic surgeon. Eighty-five hemi-incus interposition reconstructive procedures performed between 1976 and 1982 were reviewed. Reconstruction consisted of an autogenous or homologous incus bone graft interposed between the tympanic membrane and the mobile stapes superstructure. Air bone gap closure to within 20 dB was obtained in 77% of cases. Reconstruction using bone graft is better tolerated by the middle ear and the extrusion rate less than that of the biocompatible implants.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1981

[The virtual image of the incus].

The virtual image of the incus formed by the saline lens is an aid to the safe dissection of the antrum. The saline irrigation fluid indeed may act as a thin negative lens which permits at the antrum the visualization of the image of the incus, around the corner of the bony canal wall overhang. This warning device, predicting the exposure of the incus, prevent in this way inadvertent contact of this ossicle by the power drill and subsequent acoustic trauma.

Dissection↗
PubMed1980

[Formation of new bone and bone destruction in preserved incus homografts. Histological examinations of implants from 100 patients (author's transl)].

103 tympanoplastic re-operations were done in 100 patients. 103 Cialit-preserved incus homografts were drawn out for histological examination, which were implanted in the mean two years before. The data of the course of the disease were correlated with the histological finding. All incus homografts showed the well known formation of new bone in a different amount. Moreover 50% showed already macroscopically signs of bone resorption. Distinct indications for defense reactions of the recipient against the devital incus homograft were detected.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1980

[Diagnosis and therapy of incus luxation].

Diagnosis and treatment of dislocation of the incus are discussed, and three fully described cases are reported. The author emphasizes the need of a multidirectional serial tomography for a correct radiological diagnosis. The reliability of routine impedance measurement for this diagnostical problem is questioned. A systematization of the surgical procedure is proposed. The importance of an optimum and lasting solution is stressed. In this context the author emphasizes the advantages of the anatomical reposition of the incus, the function and adequate application of Histo-Acryl, and the incus remodelling technique following J. Marquet. The success rate in a series of 9 cases is reported regarding the type of ossicular lesion and the used technique.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1977

[A comparison of the results of incus interposition in the Wullstein type III and type IV tympanoplasty (author's transl)].

Incus interposition for reconstruction of the sound conduction mechanism in a deep tympanic cavity can be effectively utilized in both Wullstein Type III and IV tympanoplasties. In the Type III tympanoplasty, in which the incus is interposed between malleus or tympanic membrane and stapes, the average post-operative air-bone gap approximates 16 db, while incus placement on the stapes footplate results in an air-bone gap of 23.5 db. There is no difference in change of bone conduction when all operative mehtods are compared. Improved results in reconstruction of the second conduction mechanism are best obtained by conserving or reconstructing the tympanic membrane and posterior bony external canal wall through improved audio-physiologic dynamics.

Ear Canal↗