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Results for “Income Distribution”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Health care and income distribution in Finland.

This paper examines the effects of health care on income redistribution in Finland. In contrast to earlier studies in this area, the redistributive effect is analysed with noncash transfers from health care utilisation included in household income. Distributional consequences of changing health care financing towards one system or another are analysed in terms of municipality provided public services and sickness insurance based public services. Our results show that, overall, the public health care system distributed income from the rich to the poor. The poorest one-third of the population financed only about one-third of the public health care services they utilised. The distributional implications were, however, markedly different depending on the definition of income used. Whereas health care financing had only a marginal redistributive effect, the effect was substantially increased as noncash transfers from health care utilisation were taken into account.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

Postcensal estimates of household income distributions.

This article develops and evaluates a method for deriving postcensal estimates of household income distributions for counties. A modified lognormal probability curve is used as a model of income distribution. The function is closely related to the classical lognormal model, but it contains a nonlinear component in its derivation. Simulated postcensal estimates of household income distributions are compared with 1980 census data for the counties in California. The results indicate that the modified lognormal curve approximates observed income distributions well and produces reliable postcensal estimates for areas with a wide variety of median income levels and numbers of households.

Family↗
PubMed1990

Predominant methods and issues regarding physician income distribution and incentive compensation plans.

This paper discusses physician income distribution within a group practice setting. In this discussion, factors affecting physician-income generation and distribution are explored, including objectives of incentive programs, overall economics of group practices, methods of distributing income which are most commonly employed, and other issues that affect incentive compensation.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing an income distribution methodology for cardiovascular physician groups and networks.

Developing an income-distribution model that rewards physicians equitably and fairly for cost-effective patient care services provided, practice building efforts, and complying with practice guidelines and standards is an important step which all practices must take to align the payment-mechanism incentives with the physician income-distribution methodology. Recalibrating the compensation arrangement to the market requires open dialogue, the identification of shared values and convictions, and the development of compensation components that align compensation and payment incentives. Through the aligning of incentives, networks and group practices will be better positioned for changes in the market. As changes occur, compensation arrangements may have to be adjusted to ensure that payment-arrangement incentives are being rewarded and to ensure the network's or group's long-term profitability and viability.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Income distribution and life expectancy: a critical appraisal.

In a series of papers published during the past decade Richard Wilkinson has advanced the view that income inequality is the key determinant of variations in average life expectancy at birth among developed countries. Yet a careful examination of the two sources of data on income distribution most often used by Wilkinson suggests that if they are analysed more appropriately they do not lend support to his claims. More recent data on income distribution is now available for several countries in the Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation in the mid-1980s and for Great Britain from 1961 to 1991. The use of these data also casts doubt on the hypothesis that inequalities in the distribution of income are closely associated with variations in average life expectancy at birth among the richest nations of the world.

Australia↗
PubMed1998

Income distribution, socioeconomic status, and self rated health in the United States: multilevel analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of inequalities in income within a state on self rated health status while controlling for individual characteristics such as socioeconomic status. DESIGN: Cross sectional multilevel study. Data were collected on income distribution in each of the 50 states in the United States. The Gini coefficient was used to measure statewide inequalities in income. Random probability samples of individuals in each state were collected by the 1993 and 1994 behavioural risk factor surveillance system, a random digit telephone survey. The survey collects information on an individual's income, education, self rated health and other health risk factors. SETTING: All 50 states. SUBJECTS: Civilian, non-institutionalised (that is, non-incarcerated and non-hospitalised) US residents aged 18 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self rated health status. RESULTS: When personal characteristics and household income were controlled for, individuals living in states with the greatest inequalities in income were 30% more likely to report their health as fair or poor than individuals living in states with the smallest inequalities in income. CONCLUSIONS: Inequality in the distribution of income was associated with an adverse impact on health independent of the effect of household income.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Before you change the income distribution formula....

Few issues get more attention in a group practice than physician income distribution, according to author Susan Cejka. With the growth in prepaid health plans, the need to restructure the compensation formula is greater than ever. Cejka's article describes how to successfully make these necessary adjustments.

Financial Management↗
PubMed1996

Income distribution and mortality: cross sectional ecological study of the Robin Hood index in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of income inequality as measured by the Robin Hood index and the Gini coefficient on all cause and cause specific mortality in the United States. DESIGN: Cross sectional ecological study. SETTING: Households in the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disease specific mortality, income, household size, poverty, and smoking rates for each state. RESULTS: The Robin Hood index was positively correlated with total mortality adjusted for age (r = 0.54; P < 0.05). This association remained after adjustment for poverty (P < 0.007), where each percentage increase in the index was associated with' an increase in the total mortality of 21.68 deaths per 100,000. Effects of the index were also found for infant mortality (P = 0.013); coronary heart disease (P = 0.004); malignant neoplasms (P = 0.023); and homicide (P < 0.001). Strong associations were also found between the index and causes of death amenable to medical intervention. The Gini coefficient showed very little correlation with any of the causes of death. CONCLUSION: Variations between states in the inequality of income were associated with increased mortality from several causes. The size of the gap between the wealthy and less well off--as distinct from the absolute standard of living enjoyed by the poor--seems to matter in its own right. The findings suggest that policies that deal with the growing inequities in income distribution may have an important impact on the health of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Physician profiling and capitated income distribution.

Increasingly, gastroenterologists are addressing the practice issues of physician profiling and capitation. This article describes a method to easily create practice-generated physician profiles that are used in quality of care management and contracting decisions. These profiles are also used as part of a method for capitation revenue distribution that is described and that has been used by the author's practice for over 3 years. This capitation revenue distribution methodology properly rewards the provision of cost-effective care and bonuses desirable to physician-patient relationships, while protecting against under- or over-utilization.

Capitation Fee↗