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Results for “Immunoglobulin Alterations”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Altered immunoglobulin concentrations and light chain ratios in juvenile onset mixed connective tissue disease.

Immunological disturbances may result in altered immunoglobulin concentrations and kappa/lambda light chain (kappa/lambda) ratios. We measured the kappa/lambda ratios of total serum immunoglobulins and of polyclonal IgG, A, and M separately as well as concentrations of these immunoglobulins in fourteen patients with juvenile onset mixed connective tissue disease. When comparing the patient group with a reference group the mean serum IgG and IgA concentrations were respectively 2.98 G/L (p = 0.0012) and 0.79 G/L (p = 0.0114) higher in the group of patients with juvenile onset mixed connective tissue disease. The mean IgM concentration was 0.39 G/L (p = 0.0002) lower. The mean kappa/lambda ratios of total serum immunoglobulins, serum IgG, and serum IgA were respectively 0.20 (p = 0.0226), 0.28 (p = 0.0016) and 0.10 (p = 0.0732), higher in the group of patients with mixed connective tissue disease as compared with the reference group. Mean serum IgM kappa/lambda ratio, however, was 0.21 (p = 0.0046) lower. The alterations of the serum immunoglobulin concentrations and of the kappa/lambda ratios reflect immunological disturbances in patients with juvenile onset mixed connective tissue disease. The increased concentration of serum IgG and raised IgG kappa/lambda ratio and decreased concentration of serum IgM with decreased IgM kappa/lambda ratio indicate that the synthesis of kappa-bearing immunoglobulins mainly is affected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

An in vitro analogue of immune dysfunction with altered immunoglobulin production in the aged.

The consequences of aging of the immune system include impaired T-lymphocyte responsiveness and aberrant immunoglobulin production. Although T cells from elderly individuals have a well-described defect in lymphoblastic transformation in response to some polyclonal mitogens, immunoglobulin abnormalities have lacked a clear in vitro model. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 young and 13 old healthy donors were cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Old-donor-cell phytohemagglutinin (PHA), but not PWM, cultures had significantly lower lymphoblastic transformation compared with young donor cultures. IgG, IgA, and IgM production tended to be lower in old- versus young-donor PWM cell cultures. By contrast, despite lower lymphoblastic transformation in old-donor PHA cell cultures, immunoglobulin production was higher for old- versus young-donor cell cultures. No significant age differences were present in initial lymphocyte counts, percent B cells, T cells or monocytes, or helper/suppressor ratios to explain this enhancement in immunoglobulin production. PHA-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures in the aged demonstrate not only a defect in proliferation but also increased immunoglobulin production. This in vitro system may be useful to characterize further the pathogenesis of altered immunoglobulin production in the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Immunoadsorption of immunoglobulins alters intracytoplasmic type 1 and type 2 T cell cytokine production in patients with refractory autoimmune diseases.

Intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry were used to investigate whether immunoadsorption (IA) of immunoglobulins alters intracytoplasmic cytokine production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the blood of patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (n = 7), membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis (n = 1), and Goodpasture's syndrome (n = 1). Four patients (Group 1) showed severely depressed production of TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and responded to 3 IA sessions with significant increases in CD4+TNF-alpha+, CD4+IL-2+, and CD8+IL-2+ T cells. Also, a tendency toward increased percentage levels of CD4+ T cells producing IFN-gamma or IL-4 and of CD8+ T cells producing either TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma was seen, but due to the small number of patients investigated, these differences did not attain statistic significance. Group 2 (n = 5) showed unimpaired intracellular cytokine levels and responded to IA with a heterogeneous pattern of changes in TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 production, but these alterations were smaller than those in Group 1. The present findings indicate that the extracorporeal removal of immunoglobulins by anti-IgG or protein A adsorber columns has an impact on T cell immunity and suggest that modulating effects on cellular immune system function are involved in the mode of action of IA.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Native C3 does not bind to the C3b receptor (CR1) of human blood B lymphocytes or alter immunoglobulin synthesis.

Complement receptors on lymphocytes were first described more than 12 yr ago (1-3) and have come to be used as a common marker for the identification of B cells (4). The function of these receptors on the lymphocyte and their possible role in induction and/or regulation of the immune response remain unclear. In particular, there continues to be controversy as to whether native C3 can bind to the C3b receptor of these cells without cleavage to C3b (5-10). The resolution of this question is critical in order to clarify the expected state of availability of the receptor in vivo, because in plasma, the C3 concentration is relatively high (1.1 to 1.5 mg/ml), whereas there is little or no circulating C3b due to efficient degradation by factor H and the C3-inactivator (11). With the recent development of an improved method for the isolation of C3 from human plasma, it has been possible to obtain biochemically and functionally pure C3 that has not undergone structural or conformational alteration during processing and fully retains the specific hemolytic activity of C3 in fresh serum (12). Berger et al. (13) were able to demonstrate that C3 prepared in this way failed to bind to the C3b receptor of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes or erythrocytes. Similar observations were made by Schreiber et al. (14), also with phagocytic cells and erythrocytes, and by Dixit et al. (15) with an isolated membrane receptor preparation from rabbit macrophages. In the present communication, we extend these observations to human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Purified C3 in its native state fails to block B lymphocyte-EA (IgM) C4b3b rosettes, whereas C3b causes 50% inhibition at 5 to 6 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, C3 failed to alter polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) production by human B cells, whereas C3b inhibited this B cell function. These data suggest that native C3 does not bind to the C3b receptors of B lymphocytes, and thus they are not occupied under normal conditions in vivo.

Antibody-Producing Cells↗
PubMed1991

Differential stimulation by oxygen-free-radical-altered immunoglobulin G of the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

1. The effect of free-radical-altered IgG (monomer and polymer u.v.-irradiated IgG), compared with that of native and heat-aggregated IgG, on the production rate of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) from normal blood and granulocytes obtained from the blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied. 2. Similar rates of superoxide production by granulocytes from normal blood at rest and in the presence of any form of IgG were found. In contrast, the rate of hydrogen peroxide production could be stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion by monomer or polymer u.v.-irradiated IgG. 3. The stimulatory effect of free-radical-altered IgG on the rate of hydrogen peroxide production did not occur in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose, which deprives the NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase of its substrate NADPH by inhibition of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. This points to a stimulatory effect on the direct divalent reduction of oxygen without intermediate superoxide production by this enzyme complex. 4. Granulocytes obtained from the blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis reacted differently to polymer u.v.-irradiated IgG. In the presence of this stimulus the rate of release of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was increased. Furthermore, these granulocytes synthesized superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at a higher rate than did granulocytes from normal blood in the presence of serum-treated zymosan but not in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate. 5. Taken together, these results indicate that the rate of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by the granulocyte NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase depends on the pathological condition of the donor and the type of stimulus used.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Glycosylation and secretion of an altered immunoglobulin heavy chain in mouse myeloma MOPC 315.

A variant line (LV-1) of mouse myeloma MOPC 315 (IgA, lambda 2) has lost the ability to synthesize L chain. It synthesizes an altered H chain (H' chain) that is turned over intracellularly and is not secreted. Rescue of H' chain secretion can be accomplished by fusion of LV-1 to a variant of another myeloma line, MPC 11 (IgG2b, kappa), which only synthesizes a light chain. The hybrid (X-2) secretes the H' chain in a four chain structure (kappa 2 alpha' 2). In wild-type MOPC 315 cells, it was reported previously that inhibition of core sugar addition blocks the secretion of the H chain polypeptide. We have studied glycosylation in MPOC 315 wild-type, LV-1 variant, and X-2 hybrid cell lines. The ability of all three lines to add the core sugars mannose and glucosamine to heavy chain was demonstrated. Due to the instability of the H' chain in LV-1, it is difficult to assess H' chain fucosylation directly. To study fucose addition in LV-1, the enveloped virus vesicular stomatitis (VSV), which can infect the three lines, was utilized. The fucosylation and secretion of VSV glycoprotein G was discernible in all three lines; however, only LV-1 cannot activate free fucose, and instead fucosylates through conversion of the mannose intermediate. Normal fucose addition to H chain in a wild-type cell occurred immediately before secretion. The fact that degradation of H' chain in LV-1 begins before fucosylation suggests that the rescue of H' chain secretion by formation of the X-2 hybrid is due to the acquired presence of a suitable L chain rather than complementation of a sugar defect. These observations indicate that proper assembly of the polypeptide components of some secretory proteins, e.g., Ig molecules, is required for the secretion of the individual chains.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Biliary and serum immunoglobulin alterations in patients of cholelithiasis.

IgG, IgA and IgM were estimated in serum, common bile duct bile and gall bladder bile by single radial immunodiffusion technique in 30 patients of cholelithiasis, which included 22 patients of cholelithiasis with non functioning gall bladder (sub group A) and 8 patients of cholelithiasis with functioning gall bladder (sub group B). 30 age and sex matched controls were also included in the study. Serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly raised in patients of cholelithiasis as compared to controls. However, in gall bladder bile although IgA and IgM were significantly lower (more so in sub group A) than that of control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively but there was no change in IgG. While in common bile duct bile, rise in all the three immunoglobulins was statistically insignificant when compared to controls.

Bile↗
PubMed1993

Identification of an altered immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement in the central nervous system in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

In B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the nucleotide sequence of the complementarity determining region III (CDRIII) in the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) has been used as a molecular fingerprint to identify the leukemic cells. In a child with B-precursor ALL without central nervous system (CNS) disease at diagnosis and a subsequent isolated CNS relapse, we examined the stability of the rearranged IgH by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the CDRIII in the leukemic cells from the marrow at diagnosis to the sequences in the leukemic cells from the cerebrospinal fluid at relapse. Whereas two of the three IgH sequences isolated from the leukemic cells at CNS relapse were identical to sequences originally isolated from the marrow lymphoblasts at diagnosis, the third CNS sequence was similar but not identical to the third marrow sequence. The third IgH sequence identified in the CNS differed from the marrow sequence only at the variable gene segment adjoining the CDRIII. Using a detection method based on the polymerase chain reaction, the altered IgH sequence identified in the leukemic cells from the cerebrospinal fluid was noted to be present in the CNS at a higher frequency than the related diagnostic sequence and was not detected in the marrow either at diagnosis or at CNS relapse. These findings indicate that the clonal pattern of leukemia in the CNS may differ from that in the marrow.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Altered immunoglobulin A (IgA-1) levels in patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma presenting with normal preoperative levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

We investigated the value of serum IgA-1 as a complementary tumour marker to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the monitoring of the postoperative follow-up of 19 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma presenting with normal levels of CEA. Mean follow-up period was 14 months (range 2-72 months). Mean number of serum specimens was 5 (range 2-9). IgA-1 assay employed rabbit antihuman IgA for binding IgA-1 from patient's serum and peanut agglutinin to detect the IgA-1 O-glycosidic structure. Ten patients developed distant metastases while nine patients had locoregional recurrence. All 19 patients had generally persistent elevation of serum IgA-1 throughout the follow-up period while serum CEA levels were subsequently elevated in only 10 patients. IgA-1 predicted recurrence with an average lead time of 8 months (range 1-19 months). On the other hand, mean lag time for CEA was 12 months (range 6-50 months). The data indicate the clinical utility of serum IgA-1 as a potential complementary tumour marker to CEA in the monitoring of the postoperative course of this particular subset of colorectal cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Altered immunoglobulin expression and functional silencing of self-reactive B lymphocytes in transgenic mice.

Immunological tolerance has been demonstrated in double-transgenic mice expressing the genes for a neo-self antigen, hen egg lysozyme, and a high affinity anti-lysozyme antibody. The majority of anti-lysozyme B-cells did not undergo clonal deletion, but were no longer able to secrete anti-lysozyme antibody and displayed markedly reduced levels of surface IgM while continuing to express high levels of surface IgD. These findings indicate that self tolerance may result from mechanisms other than clonal deletion, and are consistent with the hypothesis that IgD may have a unique role in B-cell tolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and altered immunoglobulin production in BCL3 transgenic mice.

The candidate proto-oncogene BCL3 was isolated through its involvement in the t(14;19) found in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell neoplasms. As a member of the I kappaB family, BCL3 plays a role in the immune response by interactions with the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. In order to study the role of BCL3 overexpression in lymphoid malignancies, we generated five lines of E mu-BCL3 transgenic mice. Transgenic animals develop normally but show splenomegaly and an accumulation of mature B cells in lymph nodes, bone marrow and peritoneal cavity. A hyperresponsive immune system is suggested by the follicular hyperplasia and plasmacytosis in lymph nodes of unimmunized animals, increased incidence of antibodies to self-antigens, and a heightened response to cross-linking of surface IgM. Statistically significant decreases in serum IgM and IgG3, but an increase in IgG1 and IgA were also observed. No lymphoid neoplasms have been identified in transgenic animals. The expansion of B cells in vivo is consistent with the overexpression of BCL3 as being one step in the multi-step process of leukemogenesis. The phenotype also suggests that BCL3 plays a part in B cell proliferation and isotype switching.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Altered immunoglobulin isotype profile and anti-immature worm surface immunoglobulins in mice harboring a praziquantel-resistant Schistosoma mansoni isolate.

After placement in mice of PZQ-sensitive and -insensitive S. mansoni isolates obtained from villagers responding and not responding to PZQ, parasitological criteria reflecting their biological development and also the host anti-immature worm immunoglobulin isotypes were examined 8 and 10 weeks post infection. Hepatic granuloma diameter, hepatic histopathological changes and immunolocalization of IgG and IgM on the surface of PZQ-sensitive and -resistant worms were also examined 10 weeks post infection. Data showed that parasitological criteria were not significantly different between mice infected with the PZQ-sensitive and -insensitive S. mansoni isolates. As regards serum immunoglobulins, in mice infected with the PZQ-insensitive S. mansoni isolate, IgG and IgG1 were significantly (p<0.05) lower 8 and 10 weeks post infection, respectively (1.41+/-0.07 and 1.08+/-0.10 and 1.35+/-0.06 and 1.09+/-0.07) than in mice infected with the PZQ-sensitive S. mansoni isolate (1.73+/-0.15 and 1.38+/-0.10 and 1.73+/-0.17 and 1.54+0.21) after the same observation periods. IgM level was nearly the same while IgE was lower than that recorded in mice infected with the PZQ-sensitive S. mansoni isolate. IgG immunofluorescence was also lower (60%+/-6.78) on the surface of resistant worms than that of sensitive worms (66.6%+/-5.27); meanwhile, hepatic granuloma diameter was significantly larger (296.5+/-3.0 vs 283.6+/-4.0) in mice infected with the PZQ-insensitive S. mansoni isolate with higher percentage of intact eggs. Differences in the immunogenic make up of PZQ-sensitive and -insensitive S. mansoni isolates qualitatively and/or quantitatively favoring a certain Th cell subpopulation response could be the underlying reason for such differences recorded in the host immunoglobulin isotype response and also the egg-induced hepatic histopathological changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Altered immunoglobulin metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus and heumatoid arthritis.

IgG and IgM metabolism was evaluated in 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in seven normal volunteers. The biological half-lives of purified IgG and IgM, labeled with (131)I and (125)I, respectively, were determined by serial measurements of radioactivity in the blood and urine with a gamma well counter, and by serial counts of total body radioactivity in a total body counting chamber. The mean survival half-life for IgG in patients with SLE was 8.2 days as compared to an average of 18 days in normal controls. An average of 10.1% of total body IgG was catabolized daily compared to a mean of 3.9% in normal controls. Turnover of IgM in patients with SLE was, with very few exceptions, normal. In contrast, patients with rheumatoid arthritis revealed a milder abnormality of IgG metabolism, but markedly abnormal IgM catabolism with a mean half-life averaging 5.9 days as compared to 9.3 days in control subjects. An average of 14.2% of total body IgM was catabolized daily in patients with RA as compared to 8.1% in normal controls. Our data suggest that there are basic differences between patients with RA and SLE in the synthesis and catabolism of IgG and IgM not readily apparent from serum IgG and IgM concentration. Abnormal IgG and IgM metabolism may be related to underlying immunological mechanisms in these diseases. Immunoglobulin turnover studies appear to be an additional means for the characterization of rheumatic diseases.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Altered immunoglobulin status in congenital nephrotic syndrome.

The serum and urine immunoglobulin concentrations of a patient with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNS) were studied during an 11 month period. The serum IgG levels were never higher than 25% and most were below 2% of normal infant values. Serum IgM levels rose to three times normal and IgA concentrations varied. The selective protein index (SPI) showed apparent selective proteinuria (SPI less than 0.06). Intravenous gamma-globulin infusions were carried out to raise serum IgG levels. The infused IgG was initially contained within the intravascular space, but within 30 hours 55% was lost in the urine. Compared to the steady state, the renal clearance of IgG showed a 20-fold increase immediately post-infusion. We conclude that children with CNS should be considered essentially agammaglobulinemic throughout the first year of life and perhaps longer. Intravenous IgG infusions provide only hours of sufficient IgG replacement due to rapid urinary losses and may be detrimental.

Agammaglobulinemia↗