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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Immunoglobulin allotypes and immunoglobulin G subclass responses to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in early-onset periodontitis.

The present study was performed to estimate the observed frequencies of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (Gm) and light-chain (Km) allotypes among patients with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and their effect on the IgG2 subclass responses against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and Porphyromonas gingivalis 381, respectively. Sixty-nine EOP patients, including 11 with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), 19 who had LJP, 15 with LJP-rapidly progressing periodontitis (RPP), and 24 with RPP, were examined for the Gm and Km allotypes by a hemagglutination inhibition test. Levels of immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibodies against the two organisms were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fifty race- and age-matched, periodontally healthy subjects were also included as a control group. The observed frequencies of the Gm haplotype afnb and Km(1) were significantly higher in the RPP and LJP groups, respectively. The G2m(n)+ group of those with RPP and the Km(1)+ group of those with LJP had significantly higher levels of IgG2 antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, respectively. The results indicate that linkage disequilibrium of the G2m(n) locus in RPP patients or the Km(1) locus in LJP patients may be associated with high IgG2 antibody responses to the respective bacteria. It was reasoned that the IgG2 antibody responses are associated with the immunoglobulin allotypes. The function of IgG2 antibodies in their reaction to different bacterial antigens may be interpreted as either protective or nonprotective in the two different types of EOP (i.e., LJP and RPP).

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the immunoglobulin allotypes of asiatic populations. VIII. Immunoglobulin allotypes among the Tuvinians of the USSR.

The results of immunoglobulin typing of 268 Tuvinians for G1m (f, z, a, and x), G3m (b, 0, 1, 3, 5, c3, 5, g, s, t and v), A2m (1 and 2) and Km (1) indicate these southern Siberians to have the Caucasian haplotype Gmf; bAm1 (0.100), the Oriental haplotypes Gmf, a; bAm1 (0.022), Gmf, a; bAm2 (0.040), Gmz, a; b, s, tAm1 (0.027) and Gmz, a; b, s, tAm2 (0.107). The haplotypes distribution for Gmz, a; gAm1 (0.279), Gmz, a; gAm2 (0.065), Gmz, a; x, gAm1 (0.101) and Gmz, a, x; gAm2 (0.030) are similar to those found in oriental populations. The striking feature of this population is the presence of Gmz, a; bAm1 (0.108) and Gmz, a; bAm2 (0.122) previously thought to be characteristic of African or Papuan populations, indicating that a third focus of the Gmz; a; b haplotypes exists in Central Asia. The Km1 frequency observed (0.125) is intermediate between Caucasian and previously studied northern Oriental populations.

Asian People↗
PubMed1981

The phylogenetic relationships of immunoglobulin allotypes and 7S immunoglobulin isotypes of chickens and other phasianoids (turkey, pheasant, quail).

Pheasants, quail and turkeys from different geographical locations were surveyed for the presence of eight 7S Ig and four IgM chicken allotypes. No IgM and only two 7S Ig allotypes were detected. Chicken 7S Ig allotypic specificity G-1.7 cross-reacted with pheasant and turkey isotypic specificities, and was absent in quail. The other determinant (G-1.9) cross-reacted with an allotype found only in turkeys and golden pheasants. These data suggest that G-1.7 and G-1.9 are probably phylogenetically ancient determinants and that polymorphism of chicken immunoglobulins arose after divergence of chickens from other phasianoid birds. Based on the allotypic and isotypic analysis of the 7S Ig antigenic determinants, turkey 7S Ig was as closely related to chicken 7S Ig as was pheasant 7S Ig. Jungle fowl, the ancestor of chickens, had most of the chicken 7S Ig and IgM allotypes present as polymorphic markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The idiotypy of auto anti-allotype antibody induced in immunoglobulin allotype suppressed rabbits.

Rabbit anti-rabbit idiotype antibody was raised to both clonally heterogeneous and restricted auto anti-b6 antibodies induced in b6 allotype-suppressed (b6)/(b6) homozygous and b4/(b6) heterozygous rabbits. In every case the anti-idiotypic antibodies were specific only for the inducing antibody as shown by direct binding solid-phase RIA. Anti-idiotypes directed to the same antibody preparation had a similar but not identical specificity. It was demonstrated by IEF that the same idiotype specificity (spectrotype) was present throughout the anti-b6 response in individual rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Structural and genetic studies on chicken 7S immunoglobulin allotypes. II. Distribution of allotypes on the 7S immunoglobulin of homozygous and heterozygous chickens.

We have previously reported that chicken 7S immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) chain allotypes (CS-1 locus) segregate as phenogroups in F2 progeny. Specificity CS-1.1 formed a phenogroup with CS-1.4 in inbred chicken line UCD 2, and a second phenogroup with CS-1.3 in line UCD 3. To determine whether these phenogroups were formed by combinations of specificities on the same, or on separate subclasses of 7S Ig, their distribution on the 7S Ig molecules of birds homozygous for 7S Ig allotypes was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Anti-CS-1.1 and anti-CS-1.3 alloantisera each bound more than 94% of line UCD 3 1252-7S Ig. Similar results were obtained with alloantisera to CS-1.1 and CS-1.4 WITH 125 I-7S Ig from line UCD 2. These results indicate that both phenogroups were formed by combinations of specificities present on the same H chain. Thus, each phenogroup described, probably is the product of a single structural gene which is responsible for more than 94% of the 7S Ig H chain constant regions. In F hybrids with the genotype CS-1.3, 1.3/CS-1.2, two populations of serum 7S Ig molecules were detected by direct and sequential binding analysis with specific alloantisera. One population of 7S Ig contained specificities CS-1.1 AND CS-1.3, but not CS-1.2; while the second population was exclusively the product of one parental allele. Consistent with a genetic regulatory mechanism involving allelic exclusion, no MS Ig containing allotypes produced by both alleles was detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunoglobulin allotype markers and HLA DR genes in type I diabetes mellitus.

Although it is now well established that insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus is closely associated with genes of the HLA-DR locus, the genetics of the disease remains an area of controversy. It is generally believed that the HLA-linked diabetes genes provide the majority of disease susceptibility to type I diabetes, however, there is some evidence for the existence of other non-HLA-linked genetic loci predisposing to this disorder. Therefore, allotypes of the Gm (immunoglobulin heavy chain) locus on chromosome 14 and of Km (immunoglobulin light chain) locus on chromosome 2 were studied in 180 caucasoid type I diabetic patients. No association between immunoglobulin allotype markers and the whole group of type I diabetes could be observed. However, a particular immunoglobulin allotype, G1m(a), and a particular Gm immunoglobulin phenotype (a-x-f+b+) showed a significant heterogeneity within the diabetics subdivided by HLA-DR type. The data of this study support the concept that (1) the genes in the HLA region provide the majority of, but not the only, genetic susceptibility to type I diabetes mellitus and (2) Gm-associated genes could interact with these susceptibility genes at least in the DR3+4 heterozygote type I diabetics. Further studies should be undertaken in order to elucidate a possible role of these factors in the humoral immune response of type I diabetics and their families.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1978

Structural and genetic studies on chicken 7S immunoglobulin allotypes. IV. The presence of an unexpected chicken immunoglobulin heavy chain allotype: subclass or pseudoallele?

Low concentrations of allotypic specificity CS-1.1 were detected in the sera of two inbred chicken lines [University of California, Davis (UCD) 7 and Regional Poultry Research Laboratory 15I4] previously reported to lack this specificity. The CS-1.1 alloantigen in 15I4 chickens has the same specificity as the major allotype in a line of chickens (UCD 2) in which it was initially defined. In 15I4 chickens, CS-1.1 allotype is present on a population of molecules distinct from those which carry the major allotype; thus a second 7S Ig H chain locus, CS-2, is proposed. The concentration of CS-1.1-bearing molecules determined by two different methods was 7 microgram/ml and 230 microgram/ml in 15I4, whereas UCD 2 chickens had 4 mg/ml of CS-1.1 molecules. The levels of CS-1.1 inhibitory activity in 15I4 birds remained relatively constant over a 30-day period. The presence of two 7S Ig populations in 15I4 chickens may be interpreted as evidence either for 7S Ig subclasses with shared allotypes or for a pseudoallelic organization of genes controlling expression of 7S Ig H chains. The results were consistent with the presence of redundant C region genes, differing in allotypes, whose expression is under the control of an as yet undefined regulatory mechanism.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Immunoglobulin allotypes Gm and Km in hematologic malignancies.

Immunoglobulin allotypes of the Gm and Km systems have been compared in patients with various forms of hematologic malignancies and healthy controls of the same ethnographic background. These comparisons found an increased frequency of the haplotype Gm and a decreased frequency of Gm in patients with Hodgkin's disease; a decreased frequency of Gm in diffuse, large-cell lymphoma patients; a decreased frequency of Gm and an increased frequency of Gm in acute myeloid leukemia patients; a decreased frequency of Gm in chronic myeloid leukemia patients, and an increased frequency of the phenotype Km(1+) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. These results support previous suggestions of the involvement of immunoglobulin allotypes in the susceptibility to some forms of human hematologic malignancy.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1984

Humoral immune response to Epstein-Barr virus antigens and immunoglobulin allotypes in African Burkitt lymphoma patients.

We examined whether any immunoglobulin allotype was associated with an elevated risk of Burkitt's lymphoma because of the association between Burkitt's lymphoma and abnormalities of the immunoglobulin-bearing chromosomes. The distribution of Gm and Km phenotypes among 56 Burkitt lymphoma cases and 25 age-matched controls was unremarkable. Burkitt's lymphoma has also been associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, and we therefore sought a relationship between immunoglobulin allotypes and antibody response to the component antigens of the Epstein-Barr virus, VCA, EA-D, EA-R and EBNA. No immunoglobulin phenotype was associated with higher antibody titers against any antigen, but there appeared to be an interactive effect in which persons homozygous at both Gm and Km loci had elevated titers against several of the component antigens of the Epstein-Barr virus. This is the first report of an interactive effect between immunoglobulin allotypes and viruses. Antibody titers against antigens of the Epstein-Barr virus were higher in cases than in controls, as expected. However, female cases had significantly higher titers than male cases, a finding similar to that previously reported in healthy persons.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1989

Immunoglobulin allotypes are normally distributed in Swedish AIDS patients.

Immunoglobulin allotypes G1m(a), G1m(x), G3m(b) and Km(1) were determined in 83 Swedish AIDS patients. Twenty of the patients had Kaposi's sarcoma and 29 had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The distribution of the Gm and Km allotypes did not significantly differ between these different disease categories and the general Swedish population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibodies to an immunoglobulin allotype marker G1m(f).

The properties of a group of mouse monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) specific for the human G1m(f) allotype marker on immunoglobulin G are described. The specificity of all 5 McAbs was anti-Gm(f) in haemagglutination assays detecting the G1m(f) determinant on 6 ng of purified G1m(f) paraproteins. A high dilution (greater than or equal to 1/10(4)) could be used for the majority of McAbs in this assay. In Elisa the G1m(f) marker could be detected in homozygote G1m(f+z-) sera at a serum dilution of greater than or equal to 1/10(4). In Elisa assays the G1m(f) specificity was lost when IgG was bound directly to polystyrene but was restored when IgG was bound via anti-human IgG to the polystyrene plate. A possible conformational change in IgG to account for this loss of specificity is discussed. It is expected that these McAbs with their high titre and increased sensitivity over conventional Gm antisera will allow more detailed analysis of the Gm marker system.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The genetic position of the autochthonous subpopulation of Northern Navarre (Spain) in relation to other basque subpopulations. A study based on GM and KM immunoglobulin allotypes.

GM and KM immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes were tested in 118 autochthonous Basques from northern Navarre. The results are compared to those obtained for the same genetic markers in 6 other Basque subpopulations, 3 from Spain (Guipúzcoa, Vizcaya, and Alava) and 3 from France: Macaye, Saint-Jean Pied de Port, and Mauleon. The northern Navarrese appear genetically closer to the Alava and Saint-Jean Pied de Port subpopulations. The Basques present 3 GM haplotypes that are uncommon in Caucasian populations, suggesting that they have not been completely isolated either from Asian or African populations. The GM*1,17 23' 10,11,13,15,16 north Asian haplotype was probably the first to be introduced into the Basque area. The GM*1,17 23' 5* haplotype, considered an African genetic marker although also detected in Central Asia, would have reached the Iberian Peninsula through consecutive historic migrations from North Africa. The rare haplotype GM*1,17 23 21,28 results probably from a genetic recombination or crossing-over between the 2 common haplotypes GM*1, 17 23' 21,28 and GM*3 23 5*. It is also found with a low frequency in other neighboring regions and countries; but the possibility of its having been introduced through the main passage connecting western France and Spain during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages cannot be ruled out.

Crossing Over, Genetic↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulin allotypes and immunoreactivity in chronic liver disease.

The immunoglobulin allotypes Gm (a; x; f) and Km 1 have been estimated in 194 patients with chronic liver disease, and compared with the frequency distribution of a representative reference group (Gm : n = 2171; Km : n = 2179). In relation to the Gm phenotypes we have investigated the cell-mediated immunoreactivity by the E rosette test, lymphocyte transformation test and migration inhibition test. Virus-induced chronic liver disease showed significantly higher prevalence of the phenotypes Gm a+x-f+ and Gm a+x+f+ as well as of the marker Km + 1 (p less than or equal to 5%; chi 2-test). In auto-immune chronic liver disease we observed a decrease in the phenotype Gm a+x-f+ while the factor Km + 1 was significantly multiplied. Patients with cryptogenic and alcoholic hepatopathy showed no differences in comparison with the reference group. In the progressive forms of the chronic liver disease (chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis) Gm a+x+f+ was significantly more frequent. The investigations concerning cell-mediated immunity in different Gm allotypes generally showed a trend to increased reactivity in Gm a+x+ in comparison with Gm a-x- in non-alcoholic liver disease. It is possible to presume different genetic and immunologic situations in the various liver diseases as endogenous factors promoting the disease.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1984

Clonal diversity and homology of latent and nominal group a immunoglobulin allotypes in the rabbit.

Latent VH immunoglobulin allotypes are expressed unexpectedly and transiently at low concn in the serum of rabbits. Latent group a1 molecules in sera from rabbit colonies in Philadelphia (U.S.A.) and Birmingham (U.K.) were examined for a1 specificity and clonal diversity using reference nominal allotypic reagents and isoelectric focusing (IEF) autoradiography. Latent a1 molecules from rabbits of both colonies had diverse spectrotypic patterns in the pI range 5.5-8.3, as identified with 125I-labelled affinity-purified specificity-tested, anti-nominal a1 antibody. Comparisons of spectrotypes between nominal a1 antigen and latent a1 focused molecules revealed a marked correspondence in banding over the pI range. Reference anti-nominal a1 antibodies could be absorbed out substantially by the IgG fraction of serum from two rabbits containing latent a1 molecules; in a reciprocal fashion absorption with nominal a1 molecules reduced the binding of focused latent a1. The latent a1 molecules from both U.S.- and U.K.-bred rabbits displayed strikingly similar IEF spectra and their antigenic similarities were confirmed by similar absorption capacities of the reference anti-a1 serum. When sequential serum samples from one (U.S.) latent a1 rabbit were compared by IEF, some bands, e.g. those between pH 7.75 and 8.3, appeared to fluctuate in their presence, whereas others, e.g. between pH 5.3 and 7.4, were expressed continuously. We can conclude that latent a1 molecules are clonally complex and some are consistently produced in small amounts. As they also show antigenic similarity, if not identity with nominal a1, we believe that they are probably the product of the same gene (or genes) with an equivalent capacity to be associated with specificity-determining genes even though the level of synthetic activity is lower and possibly governed differently. Anti-a1 antibody was raised in a rabbit in which latent a1 allotype had been previously detected. This antibody was of low avidity and, while inhibitable on RIA by nominal a1 it was not inhibitable by the donor's latent a1 or by a second latent a1 of the same (partially inbred) U.K. colony, but was inhibitable by a latent a1 serum from the Philadelphia, U.S.A. colony. This result suggests that a1 molecules are the products of more than one gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Surface immunolglobulin on rabbit lymphoid cells. VI. Failure to detect d and e group immunoglobulin allotypes on lymphocytes by immunoelectron microscopic labeling.

Surface immunoglobulin allotypes on rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and spleen lymphocytes are detected by an immunoferritin labeling technique for electron microscopy. Human red blood cells, chemically coated with purified rabbit IgG of specific allotypes, served as test cells to assess the labeling specificity and efficiency. Immunoelectron microscopic labeling reveals that groups a, b, d and e allotypic specificities are readily detectable on passively coated test cells. However, only a and b group markers are detectable on lymphocytes. On rabbit PBL both a (VH of Fd region) and b (kappa chain constant region) group allotypes are detectable (73-78% and 68-77%, respectively); on spleen cells, 46% and 52-55% are positive for a and b locus allotypes, respectively. The d and e allotypes (i. e. gamma chain-specific) are undetectable on PBL or on spleen lymphocytes using this method. We conclude that the d and e group allotypes are either not present on the lymphocyte surface or are buried in the surface membrane and unacessible to the antisera used in this immunoferritin labeling technique.

Animals↗