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Results for “Immunization, Passive”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Improved outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis with aggressive passive immunization.

Passive immunization with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) is important to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation for chronic HBV cirrhosis. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) dosing regimens have been poorly defined, utilize numerous routes of administration, and result in a high rate of HBV relapse and mortality. Twenty-five of 27 (93%) patients transplanted (four retransplants) for chronic HBV cirrhosis show no evidence of recurrent HBV (range, 2-55 months). Anti-HBs titers necessary to minimize the risk of hepatitis B surface antigen detectability were >500 IU/L for days 0 to 7, >250 IU/L for days 8 to 90, and >100 IU/L thereafter. Pretransplant HBV E antigen (HBeAG)-positive patients required more HBIG to achieve these goals than HBeAG-negative individuals. The elimination of anti-HBs changed continually for the initial 3 posttransplant months. The anti-HBs half-life increased from 0.7 days to 14.1 days. Anti-HBs elimination was significantly different in HBeAG+ and HBeAG- patients for the first week, but was subsequently indistinguishable after week 1. After 3 months, the half-life was statistically less for HBeAG+ patients, but the difference did not influence the clinical treatment regimens. Quantitative hepatitis B DNA levels did not predict the amount of HBIG required. HBV recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation can be reduced by aggressive passive immunization. Pharmacokinetic analysis of anti-Hbs elimination can improve immunoglobulin therapy and prevent recurrence of clinical hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Secretory immunoglobulin A obtained from pooled human colostrum and milk for oral passive immunization.

Passive immunization is useful in cases of immunodeficiencies or infectious diseases, but usually seric gammaglobulin or hyperimmune sera are administered parenterally, providing good systemic immunization, though with low protection of the mucosal surfaces. The oral administration of secretory antibodies, especially surface immunoglobulin (SIg)A, which is perfectly adapted to the mucosal environment, would therefore, be preferable. The aim of the present study was to obtain a SIgA preparation from pooled human colostrum and milk, which should maintain the essential properties of the antibodies suitable for clinical oral administration. IgA preparations were obtained from colostrum and milk pools by salt precipitation. The final products were evaluated in terms of yield and purity, as well as antibody activity to bacterial antigens and toxins and inhibitory activity of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. The best yield and purity were achieved when the colostrum pool was used as a source of IgA; the final product showed very few bands of protein contamination. The IgA preparations preserved the antibody reactivity against various microbial antigens, well comparable with the reactivity exhibited by the original milk and colostrum pools. SIgA preparations were able to inhibit greatly the adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to Hep-2 cells and the invasion of enteroinvasive E. coli. These promising results show the feasibility of obtaining SIgA suitable for oral use, which may in future be administered to immunodeficient patients with gastrointestinal manifestations, from human colostrum and milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Protection against anaphylaxis in hymenoptera-sensitive patients by passive immunization.

Passive administration of specific immunoglobulin led to a transient rise in antiphospholipase IgG. An observed rise of 2 microgram/ml (twofold in three cases) was associated with a very diminished response to bee venom. This did not prevent the patient's own IgG response to challenge, which was at least as good as that of non-infused patients. The infusion of IgG cannot be proposed at present as a routine mode of therapy in insect allergy. However, we present the results of our study as the best evidence to date that blocking antibody is protective.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1985

A new approach to the diagnosis of active Rh0(D) immunization in passively immunized pregnant women.

An assay has been developed to distinguish active from passive Rh0(D) immunization in a patient who had recently received hyperimmune anti-Rh0(D) immunoglobulin therapy. Isolated peripheral B lymphocytes from a pregnant woman at 32 weeks gestation were co-cultured with Epstein-Barr virus in a liquid growth medium. After 7 days, anti-Rh0(D) antibodies produced in vitro by the transformed lymphocytes were detected in culture supernatants, thereby proving active immunization and indicating the potential of hemolytic disease of the newborn in the current pregnancy. This assay was also performed with peripheral B lymphocytes from three groups of individuals: mothers known to be Rh0(D) immunized and who recently delivered Rh-positive infants, women with longstanding Rh0(D) immunization, and women who were treated with anti-Rh0(D) globulin. In the first group, anti-Rh0(D) antibodies were again detected after in vitro viral stimulation. In the latter two groups, essentially no anti-Rh0(D) activity was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Modification of the incidence and course of CMV infections following kidney transplantation by passive immunization--initial experiences with a hyperimmunoglobulin].

In 45 recipients of a renal transplant the CMV-antibody titer was measured preoperatively (ELISA method). If possible, the donors were examined likewise. All seronegative recipients of grafts of a seropositive donor were immunized passively with a CMV-hyperimmunoglobulin for 6 months (2 ml/kg bw in 3 weeks intervals). 7 patients showed that constellation, and they were treated. 4 of them demonstrated neither serological nor clinical signs of a CMV-infection at any time. In 3 patients an infection was found serologically, but only 2 showed concomitant clinical symptoms. No serious complications (pneumonia etc.) were seen. One year later all patients are doing well with a functioning graft. For this reason we think the passive immunization of a seronegative recipient of a graft from a seropositive or unexamined donor to be advisable.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of passive immunization with serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection of mice.

Specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) serotypes 1 and 2 which recognized serotype-specific antigens were produced. It was revealed that the two serotype-specific MoAbs H1-18 and H22-7 recognized O polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from APP serotypes 1 and 2, respectively, in the results of antigen analysis by means of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Furthermore, ddY mice immunized passively with the above type-specific MoAbs were protected against challenge infection by the homologous serotype of APP at 24 or 48 hr later. However, H1-9 and H3-2 MoAbs recognizing serotype-common protein antigens of APP did not show signs of any protective effect. These results showed that LPS from APP bacterial cells was one of the structural substances in the serotype-specific antigens, and an important component as one of the antigens protecting against the homologous serotype strain.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1991

Embryo losses in Rasa Aragonesa ewes actively immunized against androstenedione or passively immunized against testosterone.

Two-day-old embryos from untreated ewes were transferred to the oviducts of ewes actively immunized against androstenedione (n=26, Group A), passively immunized against testosterone (n=19, Group B) or left untreated (n=25, Group C). Donor ewes superovulated after treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone and fluorogestone acetate (FGA). Recipient ewes were treated with FGA and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG, 300 I.U.). Group A received two injections of Fecundin at a 4-wk interval. FGA sponges were inserted when the second injection was given. Group B was treated with antitestosterone antiserum (35 ml) at sponge withdrawal. Each recipient received two morphologically viable embryos 52 to 62 h after the onset of estrus. Antibody titre at embryo transfer and progesterone concentration on Days 2, 4, 6, and 12 after estrus were determined. Fertility was lower in Group A when compared to Group C (42.3 vs 84.1%; P<0.01) while that of Group B (63.2%) did not differ from those of Groups A and C. In immunized groups, most of the embryo losses occurring were complete (both embryos were lost), resulting in a decreased fertility, while in the untreated group embryo losses were mainly partial (only one embryo was lost), hence lowering prolificacy. Fertility in immunized groups changed according to the antibody titre reached. Ewes from Groups A and B with higher antibody titres displayed lower fertility than control ewes. On Days 4 and 12 of the cycle, Group A plasma progesterone concentrations positively correlated with antibody titres and were higher with respect to those of Group C (P<0.05). Progesterone levels in Group B were similar to those of Group C. These results indicate that ewes reaching higher antibody levels had more embryo losses, attributable to the adverse influences of the oviductal and/or uterine environment on embryo development.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Passive immunization with human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: correlates of protective immunity against HIV.

Passive immunization with synergistic combinations of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against conserved epitopes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope completely protected 13 out of 16 rhesus monkeys challenged intravenously or orally with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strains; partial protection was seen in another two. A high degree of protection was seen among orally challenged neonates. Thus, we propose that passive immunization with synergistic combinations of neutralizing human mAbs may be effective in preventing maternal HIV transmission when given as post-exposure prophylaxis at birth and as prophylaxis against milk-borne transmission. Because we only used mAbs with well-defined epitope specificities, our studies also yield key information for designing AIDS vaccines: the correlates of immune protection. Vaccine strategies that can evoke antibody responses to epitopes recognized by the mAbs used in our primate studies could be important components of successful AIDS vaccines.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Enhancement of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B infection in mice after passive immunization with human serum.

Passive immunization in an experimental pneumococcal infection model has been proposed as a way to further characterize the protective capacity of human post vaccination sera. However, in experiments described in the present paper, we found that the same human immune serum that induced some degree of protection when NIHS mice were challenged with one strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B, did not confer protection when the mice were challenged with another strain of serotype 6B. On the contrary, with this bacterial strain, six different human sera appeared to enhance pneumococcal infection leading to higher levels of bacteremia and more rapid death of passively immunized than of non-immunized mice. In contrast, mice passively immunized with mouse immune serum showed reduced bacteremia and enhanced survival after challenge with the same dose of the same strain of pneumococci. The enhancing property of human serum did not seem to be caused by anti-type 6B antibodies. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that human antibodies are less protective than mouse antibodies against type 6B infection. Our results indicate that negative results in passive immunization experiments with human sera should be interpreted with caution.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Passive immunity against diarrhoea.

Passive immunity against a variety of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens has recently been increasingly used clinically, and oral administration of antibodies of both human and non-human origin has been tried both for prophylaxis and treatment of infections. Although the former type of therapy has been shown to be effective, data on the latter are still scarce. This commentary focuses on recent studies on successful oral therapeutic administration of bovine immunoglobulins.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Induction of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus type 1 gD in passively immune mice after immunization with a DNA-based vaccine.

The potential for plasmids encoding a secreted form of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) to elicit immune responses in passively immune mice following intramuscular immunization was investigated. In these experiments, 6- to 8-week-old female C3H/HeN or C57BL/6 mice were passively immunized with hyperimmune antisera raised against BHV-1 recombinant, truncated (secreted) gD immediately prior to immunization with plasmids. A single immunization of passively immune mice with plasmid encoding the secreted form of BHV-1 gD resulted in rapid development of both cell-mediated immunity and antibody responses. Furthermore, 50% of mice immunized with a suboptimal dose of recombinant gD formulated into an adjuvant developed significant levels of serum antibodies if mice were pre-treated with hyperimmune antisera. The apparent failure of passive polyclonal antisera to suppress the induction of immune responses to pSLRSV may be related to the immunoglobulin subtypes present in the hyperimmune sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. IV. Selection of optimally effective plasma for treatment by passive immunization.

The efficacy of passive immunization for treatment of Lassa Fever (LF) is believed to depend on the titre of the neutralizing antibody infused. For the purpose of identifying optimal donors of LV-immune plasma, a population of LF-convalescent patients in Liberia was tested for prevalence of neutralizing antibody. Minimally protective titres, expressed as a log10 neutralization index, (LNI), were established in animal models as LNI greater than 2. LNI titres for 26 donors, tested eight or more months after illness, were modest: 16 titred 1 less than LNI less than 2, 4 titred 2 greater than LNI less than 3, and only 4 titred LNI greater than 3. Sequentially obtained plasma from six donors indicated that the LNI response was delayed relative to the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) response, that high titres (LNI greater than 3) occurred only after seven months and in only two of six patients. Most of the unselected LV-immune plasma will require concentration to therapeutically useful LNI titres. In a passive immunization experiment, guinea-pigs were protected by a late convalescent plasma (LNI = 4.8, IFA = 320) but not by an early plasma, (LNI = 0.6, IFA = 640), thus supporting the selection of immune plasma on the basis of the LNI. Cross serological testing with LV strains and convalescent plasma from patients in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria suggested that these LV strains were indistinguishable by cross-IFA, but were readily distinguishable by cross neutralization tests. Geographical matching of LV and plasma origins may thus be a factor in selection of optimal plasma for passive immunization of Lassa fever.

Animals↗