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Results for “Immune Sera”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Variable susceptibility to opsonophagocytosis of group A streptococcus M-1 strains by human immune sera.

Immunity to group A streptococci (GAS) is thought to be related to the acquisition of type-specific antibody directed against the M protein. However, recent work suggests that immunity may only be strain and not M-type specific. Therefore, susceptibility of 70 different GAS M-1 strains to opsonization and killing by convalescent sera was compared by using a highly sensitive chemiluminescence assay and by standard bactericidal assay. Sequencing of the emm1 gene in 10 strains with variable susceptibility to opsonization revealed 100% homology in 9 strains. Several substitutions in the N-terminal and 2 in the A3 repeat regions of strain CS-190 were associated with profound resistance to opsonization. Thus amino acid substitutions within different regions of the M-1 protein molecule may adversely affect opsonization by immune sera. In addition, non-M protein factors from identical M types influence susceptibility to phagocytosis. These findings may in part explain the persistently high prevalence of M-1 strains worldwide over the last 15 years.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

In vitro oncospheral agglutination given by immune sera from mice infected, and rabbits injected, with eggs of Hymenolepis nana.

Oncospheral agglutination given by sera immunized with Hymenolepis nana eggs is described as a new way of assessing H. nana infection. All sera of mice which possessed acquired protective immunity against reinfection by H. nana eggs had the potency to induce oncospheral agglutination in vitro. Only oncospheres, which had been hatched, agglutinated, no agglutination occurred in sera from uninfected mice. Oncospheral agglutination was carried out by mixing 0-1 ml of serial two-fold dilutions of serum and 0-1 ml of Hanks' balanced salt solution containing about 600 hatched oncospheres. Titre of agglutinins was indicated as a reciprocal of the final dilution capable of giving agglutination clusters made of three or more oncospheres. Agglutinins developed within 14 days after a primary infection with 500 shell-free eggs. There was no rapid increase of agglutinins within 4 days following a secondary infection. The titre increase coincided with the increase in dosages of eggs. Agglutinins were thought to be immunoglobulins, because the potency of the serum to agglutinate oncospheres was extinguished after absorption of globulins with rabbit anti-mouse globulin serum. Agglutinins were produced in rabbits by intravenous injections of shell-free eggs. The titres of the rabbit sera were much higher than those of mouse sera.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1996

The effect of immune sera from hamsters immunized with sandfly gut and whole body extract antigens on the fecundity and mortality of Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Phlebotomus duboscqi were fed on hamsters previously immunized with different concentrations of homogenized crude sandfly gut antigen and supernatant obtained from whole body extract. The humoral response in the rodents was quantified at different times post-immunization by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sandflies were fed on either immunized or saline control hamsters and the effect of the blood meals on sandfly feeding, survival and fecundity was investigated. The humoral response in immunized hamsters as measured by the presence of P. duboscqi-specific IgG antibodies was significantly greater (P < 0.05) as compared to the controls. This difference was noted in sera collected on 15 and 25 days post-immunization. Sandflies fed on immunized hamsters had a significantly higher mortality (P < 0.05) and decreased egg production (P < 0.05) than those fed on unimmunized control hamsters.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Antigens of Entamoeba histolytica recognized by immune sera from liver abscess patients.

Immune sera from 11 patients cured of amebic liver abscess was used to identify antigens of Entamoeba histolytica. Strain HM1-IMSS, among the most virulent in axenic culture, was used. The 37 and 90 Kd antigens were surface glycoproteins as indicated by lactoperoxidase iodination and by Concanavalin A blotting; the 59 Kd antigen was a mannose containing glycoprotein that did not appear to be on the cell surface. Western blots of 11 different immune sera revealed specific binding of immune IgG to 9 amebic proteins. Most frequently recognized proteins were of molecular weight 37, 59, and 90 Kd. The immunoblot pattern in 5 patients was unchanged for up to 30 months post-treatment for liver abscess.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Participation of cytokines and immune sera to the cytoadherence of erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium falciparum on the endothelial cells in culture].

In vitro binding capacity of erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum and the modulation of cytoadherence on human endothelial cells by cytokines and sera from semi immune subjects in relation to cytoadherence were studied. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-3, alone or in combination with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, enhanced in vitro cytoadherence. Contrary to pooled immune sera, patients' sera obtained during acute or convalescent phase did not reverse nor inhibit in vitro cytoadherence.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunological cross-reactivity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes with rabbit immune sera against horse and human ADH subunits.

Rabbit immune sera raised against denatured forms of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and of human ADH5 isozyme were found to react with the denatured subunits of all the human ADH isozymes regardless of their class. The immune serum against the human ADH isozyme cross-reacted also with horse ADH subunits and, at appropriate dilutions, both the immune sera reacted with denatured yeast ADH, suggesting that common structures have been preserved in these molecules over a long evolutionary period. The immune sera partially reacted also with the respective antigens in their native conformation, indicating that some 'sequential' epitopes are expressed on the surface of the folded proteins.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy of immune sera from human immunoglobulin transgenic mice immunized with a peptide mimotope of Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan.

The efficacy of antibody mediated immunity against Cryptococcus neoformans has not been established experimentally for human antibodies. Our group has previously shown that immunization with a conjugate consisting of a peptide mimotope of the C. neoformans capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), P13, and diphtheria toxoid (P13-DT) prolonged survival of transgenic mice with human immunoglobulin loci, XenoMouse mice, which were challenged with a lethal dose of C. neoformans. In the study reported herein, we determined the efficacy of human antibodies in the sera of immunized XenoMouse mice against C. neoformans in passive transfer experiments in naïve BALB/c mice. Survival studies were performed with sera from XenoMouse mice expressing human IgG2/kappa (G2/k mice) or IgG4/kappa (G4/k mice) that had been immunized with P13-tetanus toxoid (TT)/Alhydrogel with or without CpG, and G2/k mice that had been immunized with P13-DT/Alhydrogel/CpG or Alhydrogel/CpG, obtained on day 7 (early sera) and days 30 or 35-59 (late sera) after primary immunization. Compared to mice receiving sera from G2/k-PBS-treated mice, the survival of naïve mice was prolonged by both early and late sera from G2/k-P13-DT/Alhydrogel/CpG-immunized mice, but only late sera from G2/k-P13-TT/Alhydrogel/CpG-immunized mice. Late, but not early sera from G2/k-Alhydrogel/CpG-immunized mice also prolonged survival. For all sera, prolongation of survival was associated with GXM-specific serum IgM. Sera from G2/k mice that received P13-TT without CpG, and all groups of G4/k mice had low to undetectable levels of antibody to GXM and were not protective. Our findings suggest that GXM-specific human IgM may be a functional mediator of protection against C. neoformans.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of Ancylostoma duodenale antigens and production of immune sera].

Rabbits were immunized using intact larvae or homogenates from Ancylostoma duodenale. Antisera were tested by immunodiffusion. The homogenates promote the formation of antibodies but the intact worms were not able to induce them. The antisera were partially purified by precipitation with amonium sulphate 40% saturation and filtration through Sephadex G-200. The purified material was attached to Sepharose 6B and used as immunoabsorbent for the isolation of the antigens from the soluble extracts of parasites. The isolated antigens were used in order to obtain new antisera. These antisera were used for the preparation of more efficient immunoabsorbent which allow to isolate new antigens that gave three precipitation lines by immunodiffusion. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of crude homogenate discriminate 12 components, and the electrophoresis of the isolated antigens gave only 3 bands.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1975

The application of polyvalent horse immune sera for electroimmunodiffusion methods.

Horse immune sera do not give satisfactory results in immunochemical techniques based on electrophoresis of antigens through antibody-containing agarose gel. As the majority of precipitating horse antibodies belongs to the beta globulins, they migrate in the gel during electrophoresis. After enzymatic treatment the pepsin fragments work well in all electroimmunodiffusion methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Immunofluorescence with PI-3 virus--preparation and evaluation of conjugates from immune sera of various animal species].

Immune sera with a high content of antibodies to para-influenza-3 (PI-3) virus suitable for production of specific conjugated immunoglobulins were prepared on conventionally reared calves, rabbits, and guinea-pigs, applying antigen in different ways. When processing the sera of the above mentioned animal species to conjugates, the sera differed in pure IgG yield, in completed conjugate, and molar F/P ratios, but their ability to demonstrate antigens of the PI-3 virus in the dilution was approximately the same. The serum prepared on a colostrum deprived calf showed the lowest antibody content and the lowest pure IgG yield, the colouring ability of the conjugate prepared being as well somewhat lower.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Suppression of T-lymphocyte responses to Entamoeba histolytica antigen by immune sera.

Lymphocytes from patients cured of amebic liver abscesses proliferate and produce gamma interferon upon incubation with soluble Entamoeba histolytica antigen: however, amebic liver abscesses exhibit a relentless progression without treatment. To determine whether suppressive factors are present in sera, we studied T-lymphocyte responses to total soluble E. histolytica antigen by using cells from five patients treated for amebic liver abscesses in the presence of 15 different immune sera and 10 control sera. In the presence of immune sera, E. histolytica antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation decreased by 63% and production of gamma interferon was reduced by 93.2% (P less than 0.01). Immune sera had no effect on the mitogenic responses of patient lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin or on the proliferative responses of control lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin or tetanus toxoid. The suppressive activity of immune sera diminished as the time between therapy for amebic liver abscesses and serum collection increased (P less than 0.05). Suppressive activity did not correlate with the titers of serum anti-amebic antibody and was not affected when serum was absorbed with viable amebic trophozoites. In conclusion, soluble factors present in the sera of amebic liver abscess patients suppressed in vitro lymphocyte responses to E. histolytica antigen and may have contributed to the lack of development of effective in vivo cell-mediated immune responses following the onset of amebic liver abscesses.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Experimental immune pancreatitis in the mouse by rabbit immune sera directed against purified enzymes of the exocrine pancreas.

An experimental xenogeneic immune pancreatitis was induced in AB-mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of rabbit immune sera directed against purified pancreatic enzymes (alpha-amylase, lipase, trypsin) for 3 hours up to 8 days. Histologically, the immune pancreatitis is characterized by three different findings: 1. Multiple acinar cell necroses on the 2nd, 3rd and 5th day of immune serum application. 2. A dedifferentiating acinar cell atrophy with development of pseudocanalicular acini on the 5th and 9th day. 3. An increasing interstitial histiolymphoplasmocytic pancreatitis on the 5th and 9th experimental day. Ultrastructurally, the acinar cell necroses proved as the final stage of a step-by-step developing acute lethal cell damage. The dedifferentiating acinar cell atrophy corresponds to a chronic sublethal cell injury with alteration of different cytoplasmic components. The interstitial pancreatitis in immune serum treatment is characterized by differently activated histiocytes and lymphocytes as well as by mature plasma cells. Because of immune histological findings (peri- and intraacinar deposition of rabbit globulin, specific fixation of guinea-pig complement, and appearance of mouse globulin in the mouse exocrine pancreas) and control experiments with rabbit and mouse normal serum as well as with physiological saline, the pathogenesis of the induced xenogeneic immune pancreatitis is regarded as a twophase process: 1. The acinar cell necroses are mainly due to a cytotoxic immune reaction (possibly in combination with an immune complex reaction) caused by specific anti-pancreatic enzyme antibodies of the applied immune sera. The dedifferentiating acinar cell atrophy may be the result of a specific action of the anti-enzyme antibodies against the corresponding pancreatic enzymes in the apical secretion granules of the pancreatic acinar cells. 2. The interstitial histiolymphoplasmocytic pancreatitis is mainly the morphologic substrate of an extravascularly (intraperitoneally) induced serum sickness reaction (immune complex reaction) due to the foreign proteins applied with the xenogeneic immune sera.

Amylases↗
PubMed1975

Biologic properties of transplantation immune sera. IV. Influence of the course of immunization, dilution and complexing to antigen on enhancing activity of Ig classes.

The influence of the course of immunization on the facilitating-enhancing activity of antibody classes has been studied by passive enhancement of growth of A/JAX sarcomas in CBA and IC mice and of C57BL/6 EL 4 leukemia in BALB/c mice. The influence of dilution of antibodies and complexing to antigens was also studied. During immunization (with several boosters), the enhancing capacity of sera increased together with 7S IgG antibody activity, but showed no correlation with 19S IgM antibody activity. It also was mercaptoethanol resistant. IgG1 to be more enhancing than an equal number of hemagglutinating units of IgG2a. When concentrated on a small amount (10(5)) of target sarcoma I cells, complement-fixing IC anti-A antibodies were even inhibitory on Sa I allografted to IC recipients. Progressive dilutions reversed this situation, IgG1 activity disappearing and IgG2 acquiring enhancing activity. After complexing to corresponding antigens IgG2 also (and immune sera with inhibitory properties) acquired enhancing properties. These results may provide a basis for understanding the discrepancies between the results of several groups of authors studying the class(es) of enhancing anibodies.

Animals↗