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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Measurement of IgE on human basophils: relation to serum IgE and anti-IgE-induced histamine release.

The number of IgE molecules bound to human basophils was calculated from direct measurements of the IgE dissociated after exposing leukocytes to pH 3.7 acetate buffer in the cold. In 18 donors studied, cell-bound IgE ranged from 4000 to 500,000 molecules/basophil and correlated with the serum IgE concentration (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001) which ranged from 5 to 3,000 ng/ml. Sensitivity of these cells to anti-IgE was tested to explore the relationship between cell-bound IgE and the concentration of anti-IgE required for histamine release. Cells from some nonatopic donors (4000 to 100,000 IgE molecules/basophil) were as sensitive as cells from allergic donors (100,00 to 500,000 IgE molecules/basophil). Moreover, cells from donors having approximately the same cell-bound IgE concentration varied widely in their sensitivity to anti-IgE. We conclude that an intrinsic property of human basophils ("releasability") is an important parameter in determing mediator release.

Acetates↗
PubMed1977

Hapten-specific IgE antibody responses in mice. VII. Conversion of IgE "non-responder" strains to IgE "responders" by elimination of suppressor T cell activity.

Mice of the inbred strains SJL (H-2s) and AKR (H-2k) are "non-responders" and "low-responders," respectively, in terms of their capacity to develop antibody responses of the IgE class when immunized with conventional proteins and hapten-protein conjugates under conditions optimal for eliciting IgE responses in "high-responder" mice, such as BALB/c (H-2d), to these same antigens. For example, BALB/c mice preimmunized with ASC and then challenged 7 days later with DNP-ASC develop peak augmented primary IgE anti-DNP antibody responses of 320 PCA units, whereas SJL and AKR mice develop responses which are 16-fold and 4-fold lower, respectively. However, pretreatment of the latter two strains with appropriate doses of either x-irradiation (150 R), cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) or ALS (150 mul) before carrier-preimmunization strikingly enhances the magnitude of IgE antibody responses in such mice to levels as high as 64-fold above those of untreated control mice of the same strains. Evidence obtained in these experiments indicates that the capacity of such maneuvers to to convert poor IgE responders to high responder status reflects elimination of nonantigen-specific suppressor T lymphocytes which are naturally present and normally function to suppress or "dampen" the IgE antibody response in a relatively selective manner. It appears that these cells modulate IgE responses by acting at least at two distinct points: 1) The most effective activity seems to be at the level of induction of carrier-specific helper T cells; 2) A second locus of inhibitory activity is more distal in the response, either impeding helper T cell-B cell cooperative interactions or suppressing B cell differentiation and/or function directly. Taken collectively, these observations demonstrate that the state of poor responsiveness of the SJL and AKR strains for the IgE antibody class is not a reflection of a genetic inability to develop IgE responses but rather a manifestation of a genetic capability to actively inhibit IgE antibody synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

IgE in experimental schistosomiasis. II. Quantitative determination of specific IgE antibodies against S. mansoni: a follow-up study of two strains of infected rats. Correlation with protective immunity.

Parasite specific IgE antibodies in rats infected with Schistosoma manoni were measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions and by the technique of immuno-adsorption. Two strains, one a low IgE producer (Fischer rats) and the other a high IgE producer (Hooded-Lister rats) were studied. In Fischer rats, a time course study of the occurrence of IgE antibodies and resistance to reinfection was made. Parasite specific IgE levels measured by immuno-adsorpiton were much lower than total IgE levels and a similar percentage of specific IgE (about 8%) was in the two strains.IgE antibodies were maximum at day 30 and day 60 after infection; however, a third peak at day 90 was observed only in Fischer rats. Some discrepancies between results obtained by PCA and immunosorbent techniques have been observed, which could be explained by differences in the affinity of IgE antibodies during infection or by the presence of total IgE in the PCA assay. There was a close parallelism between specific IgE antibodies levels and the course of immunity in Fischer rats. This parallelism supports the view that IgE could play a pre-eminent role in protective immunity in rat schistosomiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Failure of the putative IgE pentapeptide to compete with IgE for receptors on basophils and masts cells.

We have examined the claim that a pentapeptide resembling a portion of epsilon-chain of IgE can inhibit allergic reactions by competing with IgE for basophil-mast cell IgE receptors. Four laboratories with expertise in different areas collaborated. The following was found. (1) There was no evidence, by autoradiography, that the pentapeptide could block IgE fixation to basophils or displace IgE from these cells. (2) There was no evidence, by histamine release studies that the pentapeptide could block basophil sensitization or remove IgE from actively sensitized cells. The pentapeptide, also, did not impair antigen-induced histamine release. (3) There was no evidence that the pentapeptide could block the skin test response in Prausnitz-Küstner testing with the antigen injected intradermally or orally administered. Neither the correct pentapeptide sequence from the epsilon-chain nor the Fc" fragment of IgE impaired the P-K test. In each series of experiments, IgE myeloma protein, as a positive control, blocked the allergic response. The failure of the pentapeptide to block these reactions was observed at molar ratios of pentapeptide/IgE of 10(6) to 10(7). Our results, therefore, provide no evidence for competition between the pentapeptide and IgE. Even if there should be some weak affinity between the pentapeptide and IgE receptors on basophils or mast cells this would, by virtue of quantitative considerations, be of no clinical relevance.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1978

Reutilization of 125I-labelled anti-IgE antibody and paper discs in PRIST and RAST IgE determination.

In the paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) anti-human IgE coupled paper discs are used for the estimation of total IgE in blood serum: in the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) allergen-coupled paper discs are used for the estimation of specific IgE in blood serum. The bound IgE or specific IgE is quantified by a 125I-labelled anti-human IgE. The non-bound 125I-labelled anti-human IgE can be collected and used in new assay. By a 4-h incubation of the used paper discs with 1 M glycine-HCl buffer (pH 2.7) the IgE-labelled anti-IgE complex can largely be removed. The paper discs treated in this manner can be used in a new assay.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1977

IgE formation in the rat following infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. III. Soluble factor for the generation of IgE-bearing lymphocytes.

Normal rat bone marrow cells incubated with serum or lymph from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb)-infected rats showed an increase in the proportion of IgE-bearing cells in culture. This effect was produced in a similar fashion by cell-free supernatants (CFS) from cultures of mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from Nb-infected rats. The action of CFS on bone marrow cells appeared to be specific for the generation of IgE-bearing cells since the proportion of IgM-bearing cells in the culture did not change. The IgE-bearing cells in bone marrow cell cultures consisted of small lymphocytes, blast cells, and mast cells, and the addition of CFS to the cultures predominantly increased the number of IgE-bearing blast cells. CFS was also effective in increasing the proportion of IgE-bearing small lymphocytes in cultures of normal mesenteric lymph node cells. Removal of IgE in CFS by an anti-IgE immunosorbent did not affect the ability of CFS to generate IgE-bearing cells. The factor(s) in CFS responsible for this activity was shown to migrate with serum beta-globulins in zone electrophoresis and to possess a molecular size of between 10(4) and 2 X 10(4) m.w. The ability of CFS to generate IgE-bearing cells was diminished by treatment with the enzymes trypsin and ribonuclease A, but was unaffected by chymotrypsin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgE. II. Induction of Fcepsilon-receptor bearing rat lymphocytes by IgE.

The proportion of lymphocytes bearing receptors for IgE (FcepsilonR) markedly increased after infection of rats with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb). The FcepsilonR-bearing lymphocytes from the infected animals bound more IgE-coated erythrocytes in rosette assay than FcepsilonR-bearing cells from normal rats, suggesting that the number of FcepsilonR per cell may also increase following the infection. In contrast, the number of IgE-receptors on peritoneal mast cells did not change after Nb infection. The increase in the proportion of FcepsilonR-bearing lymphocytes in Nb-infected rats is probably due to an increased concentration of IgE in the environment. The proportion of FcepsilonR-bearing cells in normal rat lymphocyte suspensions increased by culture of the cells with rat IgE of 1 microgram/ml or higher concentration. Other immunoglobulins such as rat IgG, human IgE, or rabbit IgG failed to induce either FcepsilonR-bearing cells or FcgammaR-bearing cells. It was also found that induction of Fc receptors by rat IgE is confined to FcepsilonR. Kinetic studies on the induction of FcepsilonR-bearing lymphocytes in vitro showed that the proportion of these cells in lymphocyte suspensions increased within 8 hr incubation with rat IgE but not within 4 hr. Evidence was obtained that both RNA synthesis and protein synthesis, but no DNA synthesis, are required for the induction of FcepsilonR-bearing cells or the expression of the receptors on the cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Regulation of antibody response in different immunoglobulin classes. II. Induction of in vitro IgE antibody response in murine spleen cells and demonstration of a possible involvement of distinct T-helper cells in IgE and IgG antibody responses.

In vitro induction of anti-DNP IgE as well as IgG1, IgG2a antibody responses was shown in murine spleen cell culture. Spleen cells primed three times with 1 mug of DNP-OA or DNP-Asc produced significant amounts of anti-DNP IgE as well as IgG antibodies by the in vitro stimulation with DNP-OA or DNP-Asc, respectively. Collaboration between DNP-primed B cells and carrier-primed T cells was required for the induction of both IgE and IgG antibodies with DNP-coupled T-dependent antigen. Carrier-specific T cells induced with a low dose of Asc (0.01 mug) showed helper function only on IgE antibody response, whereas T cells primed with a higher dose of Asc (10 mug) cooperated only with IgG-B cells. T cells primed with Asc in CFA showed helper function mainly on IgG antibody response but not on IgE antibody response. The result indicated the presence of a distinct population of T helper cells for IgE and IgG antibody responses. T-independent antigen (DNP-Ficoll) induced both anti-DNP IgE and IgG antibody responses in DNP-primed spleen cell population without the requirement of the collaboration of helper T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Relation between total serum IgE levels and IgE antibody production in rats.

Five different rat strains were immunized with 100 microgram ovalbumin and 1 mg Al (OH)3. A good correlation was found between the total serum IgE level of a rat strain before immunization and the IgE antibody production. Good IgE antibody-producing strains had high total serum IgE levels and vice versa. A discordance between the evolution of the total serum IgE level after immunization and the changes in IgE antibody level was found in all strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

IgE synthesis in aging. Enhancement of IgE production in subjects with autoantibodies.

Serum IgE levels were measured in two groups of healthy elderly subjects: a first group of 18 with circulating autoantibodies (sign of a probable deficit of suppressor T lymphocytes) and a second group of 15 without circulating autoantibodies. The IgE levels in the first group (average 1032 U/ml) resulted significantly higher than those in the second group (average 103 U/ml), P less than 0.05. This result can be related to a deficit of suppressor T lymphocytes functionality, present in these subjects, which would cause, besides the appearance of autoantibodies, also an increase of serum IgE levels. Moreover, this phenomenon seems to confirm that in man, too, as in experimental animals, IgE synthesis is under the control of suppressor T lymphocytes specific for IgE. From a clinical viewpoint, the two populations studied do not differentiate and no symptoms of atopy were observed in subjects with high IgE levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between antigen-specific IgE antibody (RAST) and total serum IgE levels.

Although the total serum IgE level is generally higher in atopic than in non-atopic individuals, high total serum IgE levels and atopic diseases are not invariably associated. In 42 atopic patients with the total serum IgE levels less than 100 U/ml, 27% of RAST against 14 allergens were positive whereas in 45 atopic patients with the total serum IgE levels greater than 500 U/ml, 57% of RAST against 14 allergens were positive. The mean RAST values against four grass antigens expressed as a percentage of antigen-disc bound radioactivities were significantly lower in the group with the lower total serum IgE levels. Low or normal total serum IgE levels are likely to be found in atopic patients who are allergic to a relatively few grass antigens.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1977

Basophil histamine release in patients with hay fever. Results compared with specific IgE and total IgE during immunotherapy.

Histamine release from leucocytes was demonstrated in grass pollen hay fever patients on in vitro challenge with extract of Pleum pratense (timothy). No release was found in persons without a history of grass pollen allergy. During preseasonal hyposensitization the following tendencies were found in cell sensitivity to allergen as well as in specific IgE antibody level of serum: an initial increase at the beginning of the therapy followed by a decrease during the pollen season. This is in contrast to untreated hay fever patients in whom an increase or no change at all of cell sensitivity and specific IgE was observed in the pollen season. Immunotherapy, therefore, can prevent such an increase in the pollen season. The mechanism might be due to a depression of the IgE production. In untreated as well as in treated patients the cell sensitivity was found to be significantly correlated to the grass specific IgE determined by RAST but not to the total serum level of IgE estimated by RIST. It seems likely that the sensitivity would be useful for evaluating the degree of allergy in grass pollen hay fever patients treated or not treated with immunotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum IgE levels in healthy black American children: a case for environmental influences on IgE.

Serum IgE was determined in 115 healthy, non-atopic black American children, aged 0-16 years, living in Urban Chicago. The mean IgE level varied from 1.48 u/ml at birth to 70 u/ml at adolescence. These values are comparable to those observed in American whites but differ significantly from the IgE levels of both African blacks and European Caucasians. Thus, environmental factors apparently exert a strong influence on IgE production in non-atopic individual.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Description of a method for measuring sera with a high level fo IgE: test through the inactivation of anti-IgE covered phages].

The Fab fragment of an anti-IgE serum was conjugated with the bacteriophage T4 through the use of glutaraldehyde. The conjugated phage was inactivated by human sera which contained IgE. The degree of inactivation allowed to make a distinction between the sera of normal individuals and that of those in whom it is known that high levels of Ig E exist, as in patients with allergic diseases. The method is quite sensitive, economical and does not require costly equipment. Besides, the conjugated phage is preserved for prolonged periods of time.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1979

Regulation of IgE antibody production by serum molecules. VI: Preliminary biochemical and immunological characterization of serum molecules active in suppressing IgE antibody production.

Molecules present in the serum and ascites fluids of low IgE responder mice previously inoculated with complete Freund's adjuvant have been analyzed in terms of certain biochemical and immunological characteristics. These studies demonstrate that the active molecules, termed "suppressive factors of allergy" (SFA), are (1) nondialyzable, (2) not associated with low-density or high-density lipoproteins, (3) heat stable, (4) precipitable by ammonium sulfate, and (5) approximately 150,000 daltons in molecular size. Studies with immunoadsorbents prepared from various antisera indicate that the suppressive molecules are (1) not immunoglobulin in nature, (2) not reactive with specific anti-H-2 alloantibodies, but (3) reactive with anti-beta 2m antibodies as well as (4) heterologous antisera raised against CFA-immune mouse serum.

Animals↗