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Results for “IRON ISOTOPES”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Nonbiological fractionation of iron isotopes.

Laboratory experiments demonstrate that iron isotopes can be chemically fractionated in the absence of biology. Isotopic variations comparable to those seen during microbially mediated reduction of ferrihydrite are observed. Fractionation may occur in aqueous solution during equilibration between inorganic iron complexes. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of iron isotope fractionation and suggest that nonbiological processes may contribute to iron isotope variations observed in sediments.

Chemical Fractionation↗
PubMed2005

Hereditary hemochromatosis is reflected in the iron isotope composition of blood.

It has recently been shown that the iron isotopic composition of blood differs between individuals and sexes, which is supposed to reflect individual differences in iron metabolism. We hypothesized that patients suffering from hereditary hemochromatosis would demonstrate alterations in the iron isotopic composition of blood due to persistent up-regulation of intestinal iron absorption. Blood from 30 patients with homozygous C282Y hemochromatosis was analyzed for iron isotopic composition by a newly developed technique using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Blood of patients with hemochromatosis is characterized by a higher 56Fe/54Fe isotope ratio than blood of healthy individuals, which are either members of an age-matched control group (n = 10; P < .001) or young adults (n = 36; P < .001). In patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, the 56Fe/54Fe isotope ratio of blood significantly correlates with total-body iron accumulation, severity of clinical disease, and the need for regular phlebotomies to prevent iron reaccumulation. We conclude that blood of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis contains more of the heavier iron isotopes than blood of healthy individuals. The primary determinant of the iron isotopic composition of blood appears to be isotope-sensitive iron absorption in the intestine and the efficiency of this process.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Secular variation of iron isotopes in north atlantic deep water

A high-precision iron isotope time series for a ferromanganese crust demonstrates that the iron isotope composition in North Atlantic Deep Water has changed substantially over the past 6 million years and that iron isotope variations in the crust are closely correlated to those of lead isotopes. The close correlation between the two isotope series indicates that the observed iron isotope variations predominantly reflect those of iron input from terrigenous sources and provides no evidence for biologically induced mass fractionation within North Atlantic Deep Water.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Iron isotope fractionation during proton-promoted, ligand-controlled, and reductive dissolution of Goethite.

Iron isotope fractionation during dissolution of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) was studied in laboratory batch experiments. Proton-promoted (HCl), ligand-controlled (oxalate dark), and reductive (oxalate light) dissolution mechanisms were compared in order to understand the behavior of iron isotopes during natural weathering reactions. Multicollector ICP-MS was used to measure iron isotope ratios of dissolved iron in solution. The influence of kinetic and equilibrium isotope fractionation during different time scales of dissolution was investigated. Proton-promoted dissolution did not cause iron isotope fractionation, concurrently demonstrating the isotopic homogeneity of the goethite substrate. In contrast, both ligand-controlled and reductive dissolution of goethite resulted in significant iron isotope fractionation. The kinetic isotope effect, which caused an enrichment of light isotopes in the early dissolved fractions, was modeled with an enrichment factor for the 57Fe/ 54Fe ratio of -2.6 per thousandth between reactive surface sites and solution. Later dissolved fractions of the ligand-controlled experiments exhibit a reverse trend with a depletion of light isotopes of approximately 0.5 per thousandth in solution. We interpret this as an equilibrium isotope effect between Fe(III)-oxalate complexes in solution and the goethite surface. In conclusion, different dissolution mechanisms cause diverse iron isotope fractionation effects and likely influence the iron isotope signature of natural soil and weathering environments.

Chemical Fractionation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mass spectrometry and natural variations of iron isotopes.

Although the processes that govern iron isotope variations in nature are just beginning to be understood, multiple studies attest of the virtue of this system to solve important problems in geosciences and biology. In this article, we review recent advances in the geochemistry, cosmochemistry, and biochemistry of iron isotopes. In Section 2, we briefly address the question of the nucleosynthesis of Fe isotopes. In Section 3, we describe the different methods for purifying Fe and analyzing its isotopic composition. The methods of SIMS, RIMS, and TIMS are presented but more weight is given to measurements by MC-ICPMS. In Section 4, the isotope anomalies measured in extraterrestrial material are briefly discussed. In Section 5, we show how high temperature processes like evaporation, condensation, diffusion, reduction, and phase partitioning can affect Fe isotopic composition. In Section 6, the various low temperature processes causing Fe isotopic fractionation are presented. These involve aqueous and biologic systems.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Iron isotope constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic ocean redox state.

The response of the ocean redox state to the rise of atmospheric oxygen about 2.3 billion years ago (Ga) is a matter of controversy. Here we provide iron isotope evidence that the change in the ocean iron cycle occurred at the same time as the change in the atmospheric redox state. Variable and negative iron isotope values in pyrites older than about 2.3 Ga suggest that an iron-rich global ocean was strongly affected by the deposition of iron oxides. Between 2.3 and 1.8 Ga, positive iron isotope values of pyrite likely reflect an increase in the precipitation of iron sulfides relative to iron oxides in a redox stratified ocean.

Atmosphere↗
PubMed1992

Determination of absorption and endogenous excretion of iron in man by monitoring fecal excretion of a stable iron isotope (58Fe).

The absorption and endogenous excretion of iron in man was studied by monitoring the fecal excretion of a stable iron isotope (58Fe). The study was carried out for 12 healthy volunteers who were divided into two groups. Group I received 58Fe-labeled ferric ammonium citrate (III) (58FeAC) equivalent to 6 mg of iron as a control, and group II received a combination of 500 mg of vitamin C and 58FeAC. A new formula was used to calculate the 58Fe absorption ratio reflecting the pool of iron in the intestinal cells, and the ratio was compared with that obtained from Janghorbani's formula, which has been used as one of the common methods. As a result, the 58Fe absorption ratio in group II was statistically significantly higher than that of group I (34.4 +/- 6.1% vs. 15.0 +/- 5.5%, M +/- SD) using Janghorbani's formula. The similar absorption ratio (34.1 +/- 6.0% vs. 14.8 +/- 5.5%) was also obtained by our new formula. Our results confirmed the previous findings that the availability of iron is stimulated by the supplementation of vitamin C. Both formulae agreed in the absorption of iron, indicating that the endogenous excretion of iron (caused by the desquamated cells) in the intestine does not disguise the iron absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Absorption of iron in young men studied by monitoring excretion of a stable iron isotope (58Fe) in feces.

Fecal excretion of a stable iron isotope (58Fe) in five young adult men consuming a diet enriched with the isotope added as an extrinsic tag was investigated as a possible tool for the study of iron absorption. Data are presented to illustrate rapidity and completeness of unabsorbed 58Fe excretion. Procedures are outlined to investigate the extent of 58Fe re-entry into the gastrointestinal tract of the absorbed 58Fe from the label with the cumulative fecal 58Fe method and its limitations are discussed. Two methods of estimating 58Fe absorption are discussed and compared.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Oxygen and iron isotope studies of magnetite produced by magnetotactic bacteria

A series of carefully controlled laboratory studies was carried out to investigate oxygen and iron isotope fractionation during the intracellular production of magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) by two different species of magnetotactic bacteria at temperatures between 4 degrees and 35 degrees C under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions. No detectable fractionation of iron isotopes in the bacterial magnetites was observed. However, oxygen isotope measurements indicated a temperature-dependent fractionation for Fe(3)O(4) and water that is consistent with that observed for Fe(3)O(4) produced extracellularly by thermophilic Fe(3+)-reducing bacteria. These results contrast with established fractionation curves estimated from either high-temperature experiments or theoretical calculations. With the fractionation curve established in this report, oxygen-18 isotope values of bacterial Fe(3)O(4) may be useful in paleoenvironmental studies for determining the oxygen-18 isotope values of formation waters and for inferring paleotemperatures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Iron isotope fractionation and the oxygen fugacity of the mantle.

The oxygen fugacity of the mantle exerts a fundamental influence on mantle melting, volatile speciation, and the development of the atmosphere. However, its evolution through time is poorly understood. Changes in mantle oxidation state should be reflected in the Fe3+/Fe2+ of mantle minerals, and hence in stable iron isotope fractionation. Here it is shown that there are substantial (1.7 per mil) systematic variations in the iron isotope compositions (delta57/54Fe) of mantle spinels. Spinel delta57/54Fe values correlate with relative oxygen fugacity, Fe3+/sigmaFe, and chromium number, and provide a proxy of changes in mantle oxidation state, melting, and volatile recycling.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Iron absorption in man calculated from erythrocyte incorporation of the stable isotope iron-54 determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

The methodology of precise isotope abundance determinations of erythrocyte iron by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and signal averaging is established. For the determination of the 54Fe/56Fe ratio a relative precision of 0.5% and an absolute precision of 0.03% is achieved. After oral loading with 54Fe-enriched samples in the range between 5 and 25 mg per subject, the 14-day erythrocyte incorporation of 54Fe has been determined in five individuals, namely, two adults, two children, and one infant. In the two adults, the oral dose of 54Fe was simultaneously labeled with a trace amount of carrier-free 59Fe. In these double-isotope loading tests, a good agreement was observed between the absorption data determined on the basis of whole body retention of 59Fe and on the basis of the 54Fe erythrocyte incorporation. The stable isotope methodology applied allows measurement of the iron absorption using highly enriched 54Fe at a dose of 25 mg for an adult or at a dose of 5 mg for infants of about 1 year of age.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Natural iron isotope variations in human blood.

Isotopic analysis of human blood and liver and muscle tissue indicates that each individual bears a long-term iron (Fe) isotope signature in the blood. Blood and tissue differ slightly in isotopic composition and are depleted by up to 2.6 per mil in 56Fe relative to 54Fe when compared to dietary Fe. The 56Fe/54Fe isotope ratio in the blood of males is, on average, lower by 0.3 per mil than that of females. These results suggest that Fe isotope effects in the blood reflect differences in intestinal Fe absorption between individuals and genotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Activable enriched stable isotope iron-58 for monitoring absorption rate of juvenile athletes for iron: a case study.

Activable enriched stable isotopes can play a unique role in studies of nutritional status, metabolism, absorption rates, and bioavailability of minerals. As a practical example, eight juvenile athletes were selected to test the absorption rates of iron during training and non-training periods by enriched stable isotope of Fe-58 (enriched degree: 51.1%) via activation analysis Fe-58 (n, gamma) Fe-59 of the collected feces samples. The results indicated that the average iron absorption rates of the juvenile athletes with and without training are 9.1 +/- 2.8 and 11.9 +/- 4.7%, respectively, which implies that the long-term endurance training with high intensity makes the iron absorption rate of athletes lower. In the meantime, the comparison of the activable enriched isotope technique with atomic absorption spectrometry was performed, which showed that the former was better than the latter in reliability and sensitivity. It is because this nuclear method can distinguish the exogenous and endogenous iron in the samples, but not for non-nuclear methods.

Adolescent↗