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Results for “INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Sperm-mucus interaction and artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination techniques form an important part of the spectrum of modern infertility treatment, and together account for nearly half (43.8 per cent) of the treatment-related pregnancies in our comprehensive infertility clinic. Disorders of sperm-mucus invasion and survival are not uncommon but have been very frequently overlooked in the past. Assessment by post-coital tests with a minimum six hour post-coital delay and mucus penetration tests for those with negative post-coital tests should be part of every clinic routine. We believe that these tests pick up a range of problems, the most important of which is antisperm immunological infertility, which can be treated with a fair degree of success by intrauterine AIH. The demand for AID has increased appreciably on a world-wide scale and provision of AID facilities in this and other countries is inadequate. An AID service should ideally be part of every organized infertility service. The future of AID probably lies with frozen semen banks serving satellite clinics within their area.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination with homologous (AIH) and heterologous (AID) samples is discussed. Specific emphasis is placed on the indications and timing of the procedure, the type of specimens available, the technique and the expected results. The legal and emotional ramifications of AID are discussed.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1981

Homologous artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination--homologous (AIH) treatment in 100 couples is presented. An uncorrected pregnancy rate of 13% was achieved therapeutically versus a 10% spontaneous pregnancy rate. An adjusted pregnancy rate for those who conceived or completed at least six cycles of treatment was 41%. A pregnancy rate of 8% was obtained in 25 cases of oligospermia (less than 20 X 10(6)/ml), 15% in 27 cases of decreased motility only (less than 45% active), 27% in 18 cases of unexplained poor postcoital tests and 28% in 18 couples with suspected or proven immunologic problems. The most important reason for lack of success in our series appeared to be failure to continue therapy for an adequate period, defined as a minimum of six cycles. Since indications for AIH are less well defined than for artificial insemination with donor (AID), pregnancy yields are less reliable as an indication of a causal relationship.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1988

Monitoring of artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination (ADI) has been carried out with donor semen since 1984. Following artificial insemination 14 women out of 27 became pregnant in 1984, 30 women out of 57 in 1985 and 33 women out of 56 until October 1, 1986. The cycles were monitored. Serum LH and oestradiol levels were determined every day from the 10th day of the cycle. Follicle size was monitored daily and cervical mucus was also examined every day. LH reaches the highest level at the time of ovulation. 17-Beta-oestradiol level increases parallel with the growth of follicle. Follicular growth can be best monitored by ultrasound folliculometry, providing 50-60% effectiveness.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Fifteen years experience with artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination is today an accepted procedure in circumventing sterility. In recent years this procedure gained much popularity as the number of infants available for adoption steadily decreased due to the liberal abortion laws. A review of 15 years of practiced experience (senior author) is presented. In all described cases (168 women) artificial insemination was performed personally by the author. The high rate of success (80% of the presented cases) is attributed to a very meticulous and highly individualized approach to each case. Review of literature is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal variation in estrous cycling in the mouse: implications for artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination in the C3HeB/FeJ inbred strain of mice has been shown to be more successful at the middle and end of the calendar year. The reasons are twofold: 1) an increase in the number of normal estrous cycles exhibited by females and 2) an increase in the tightness of the phasing of ovarian and vaginal events. The latter phenomenon was found to be the key to the success of artificial insemination, since it permitted the use of vaginal smears to predict accurately the time females could be expected to ovulate and, therefore, the appropriate time for artificial insemination. Seasonal variations in the frequency of estrous cycling also have been observed in SJL/J and B6D2F1/J females.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Equine artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination is an effective technique for improving utilization of the stallion while maintaining normal conception rates in the mare. However, procedures for collection, evaluation, and insemination of semen must be followed carefully to achieve good results. Techniques for preservation of equine semen in the liquid or frozen state could potentially allow for more widespread use of genetically superior stallions. Further acceptance of artificial insemination and the use of cooled or frozen transported semen by breed registries is needed before this will occur. More work is needed to perfect methods of semen preservation, even though semen from some stallions can be cooled or frozen quite successfully at the present time.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Forensic medicine aspects of surrogate mothers and artificial insemination].

Artificial insemination solves the problem of childlessness in a way never before thought possible. There is now often a lack of guiding principles in law, and new ethical questions have arisen. It would appear that homologous insemination is the simplest. This is recognized by the church; by doctors, even for unmarried couples. Heterological insemination, on the other hand, is only rarely acceptable to married couples, and then subject to the limits of generation, the avoidance of half-brothers and sisters, and gamete mistakes, as well as any commercialization. The medical standpoint and other legal developments must be reconciled with these factors; particularly the possibility of cancelling the anonymity of the sperm donor and the right to appeal of the social father. As a general principle, the ruling premise should be to place the burden of risk on the parents. With in-vitro fertilization, the existence of surplus embryos is particularly problematic. It is becoming more and more common to regard life as commencing in the zygote and not in the nidation. Can the scientific experiments permitted under the new professional regulations-even with more complicated requirements-be reconciled with this? Consensus can be reached in rejecting surrogate motherhood, since the danger of commercialization is too great, and propagation possibilities are being opened up which, to our present understanding, are irresponsible.

Expert Testimony↗
PubMed1988

The screening of donors enrolled in an artificial insemination program.

Artificial insemination is currently offered in Ontario to couples when infertility arises from a male factor. The majority of practitioners are using fresh sperm, but because of the threat of transmitted infection, a change to the use of frozen semen, which can be screened concurrently, is anticipated. Screening can prevent the transmission of both genetic and infectious disease and the principles of a possible program are outlined below. Elements of screening include a genetic history, blood count, selected biochemical and serological assays, and a semen analysis and culture. Because of the high cost and the few cases of genetic disease that will be prevented, routine karyotyping is not recommended. It remains to be seen whether changing the donor pool from an unscreened group of medical personnel to a screened sperm bank derived from the general population will provide increased protection for the mother and child.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed2000

Hygienic aspects of storage and use of semen for artificial insemination.

The artificial insemination (AI) industry has developed over the last 50 years to the extent that it is used in almost every country in the world. One of the main factors contributing to its success is the confidence of the farmers that germplasm is not associated with pathogens, so that AI can be performed without risks. This has been achieved as a result of a considerable amount of research based on sound scientific data that has identified the major risk pathogens. A summary of these studies, given in this section, shows that despite the large number of agents that could be transmitted via the semen, there are cost-effective means to prevent such hazards. One of the basic rules is that the males should be housed in strictly protected semen collection centres (SCCs). Such centres should be approved by the veterinary authorities based upon specific criteria, which include special housing and operating specifications. This also includes specific means of monitoring the health of individual males through regular clinical examinations, assessment of semen and testings for various diseases. Two new challenges can now be identified, one relevant to so-called emerging diseases the impact of which on the status of the semen donors should always be assessed, and the second, relates to endangered genetic resources which may become extinct without active conservation programmes. The experience gained by the AI industry over the last 50 years should help to solve those problems. Currently, the use of semen derived from approved SCCs warrants their disease-free status.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1998

[Fundamentals of hygiene to be used for stallions in an instrumental artificial insemination].

Equine artificial insemination (AI) meanwhile has been widely established in the warm blood horse industry. Because of its importance consistent hygienic aspects and their significance for the use of stallions as semen donors in AI-programs are presented and clarified. Incidence as well as importance of equine venereal infectious diseases are considered. Data of physiological bacterial genital flora and treatment principles of therapeutic control of venereal infectious bacterial agents as well as a model of control of Equine Viral Arteritis are given. A prophylactic hygiene program for donor stallions in routine AI including special microbiological monitoring is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Development of a new transcervical artificial insemination method for sheep: effects of a new transcervical artificial insemination catheter and traversing the cervix on semen quality and fertility.

The difficulty of traversing the cervix severely limits transcervical artificial insemination (TC AI) in sheep. Cervical trauma and poorly designed instruments can reduce fertility after AI. To overcome problems associated with TC AI, we developed a new TC AI catheter. Three bench experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the new TC AI catheter on semen quality independent of the effects of moving the catheter through the cervix. In each of the three bench experiments, the standard laparoscopic instrument for intrauterine AI in sheep was used as the control for the TC AI catheter. In Experiment 1, the total volume of semen extender expelled and void volumes for both types of AI instrument (TC versus laparoscopic) were determined. In Experiment 2, the effects of each type of AI instrument (TC versus laparoscopic) on semen quality, estimated as percentage motility and percentage forward progressive motility, of frozen-thawed semen was determined. In Experiment 3, the effects of both types of AI instrument (TC versus laparoscopic) on number of spermatozoa expelled was determined. The type of AI instrument affected neither semen quality nor the number of spermatozoa expelled. However, void volume differed (P < 0.01) between the two instruments. After differences in void volume were taken into account, an in vivo experiment was conducted to determine whether using our new TC AI catheter for TC or surgical intrauterine AI affected fertilization and pregnancy rates. For this, ewes were assigned to one of three treatments: (1) TC AI using the new TC AI catheter + sham AI via laparotomy (n = 9); (2) sham TC AI + AI via laparotomy using a laparoscopic AI instrument (n = 8); and (3) sham TC AI + AI via laparotomy using the new TC Al catheter (n = 10). To synchronize estrus, progestogenated pessaries were inserted and left in place for 12 days. On Day 5 after pessary insertion, PGF2alpha (15 mg) was given i.m. At pessary removal, 400 IU of eCG were administered i.m. Ewes were inseminated 48-52 h after pessary removal using fresh diluted semen (200 x 10(6) to 350 x 10(6) spermatozoa per 0.2 ml) pooled from the same four rams each day during the experiment. At 72 h after AI, uteri were collected postmortem and flushed. Oocytes and embryos were recovered and evaluated. Treatments did not affect (P > 0.01) ovum and embryo recovery rate (mean = 87.3%), fertilization rate (59.3%), or Day 3 pregnancy rate (mean = 66.6%). We conclude from these data that the use of our new TC AI catheter for TC AI or intrauterine AI should not impair the success of AI in sheep.

Animals↗