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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Genes expressed during imaginal discs morphogenesis: IMP-L2, a gene expressed during imaginal disc and imaginal histoblast morphogenesis.

We describe our analysis of IMP-L2, one of a set of six ecdysone-inducible genes in imaginal discs of Drosophila whose transcripts are associated with membrane-bound polysomes. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression of the IMP-L2 transcript were analyzed. This transcript is first expressed in imaginal discs in areas that are precursors of head and thoracic epithelium, particularly the peripodial epithelia. It is later expressed in the imaginal histoblasts, precursors of the adult abdomen. The appearance of IMP-L2 transcript in each of these tissues precedes the spreading and fusion of the separate imaginal anlagen to form the continuous adult epidermis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Imagination inflation for action events: repeated imaginings lead to illusory recollections.

In two experiments, subjects heard simple action statements (e.g., "Break the toothpick"), and, in some conditions, they also performed the action or imagined performing the action. In a second session that occurred at a later point (10 min, 24 h, 1 week, or 2 weeks later), subjects imagined performing actions one, three, or five times. Some imagined actions represented statements heard, imagined, or performed in the first session, whereas other statements were new in the second session. During a third (test) phase, subjects were instructed to recognize statements only if they had occurred during the first session and, if recognized, to tell whether the action statement had been carried out, imagined, or merely heard. The primary finding was that increasing the number of imaginings during the second session caused subjects to remember later that they had performed an action during the first session when in fact they had not (imagination inflation). This outcome occurred both for statements that subjects had heard but not performed during the first session and for statements that had never been heard during the first session. The results are generally consistent with Johnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay's (1993) source monitoring framework and reveal a powerful memory illusion: Imagining performance of an action can cause its recollection as actually having been carried out.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Curiosity, imagination, compassion, science and ethics: do curiosity and imagination serve a central function?

Curiosity and imagination have been neglected in epistemology. This paper argues that the role of curiosity and imagination is central to the way we think, regardless of whether it is thinking about problems of ethics or problems of science. In our ever more materialistic society, curiosity and reason are either discouraged or narrowly channeled. I shall argue that the role of curiosity and imagination for both science and ethics is so important that nurturing them can be seen as an ethical obligation and suppressing them as ethically problematic.

Capitalism↗
PubMed1996

[Description of pre-imaginal and imaginal stages of Haematopinus apri (Anoplura)].

There is a description of pre-imaginal and imaginal stages of Haematopinus apri, a common ectoparasites of wild boar Sus scrofa. There are tables with features differentiating the development stages, which were constructed based on chaetotaxia and body measurements. This paper contains redescription of adults of H. apri too.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The role of imagination in the disease process: pre-Cartesian histroy (the role of imagination in the disease process).

Ancient and Renaissance physicians implicated the soul's imaginative faculty in the genesis and remission of disease. The theory stated that images of objects of desire or aversion aroused emotions, which in turn set up humoral imbalances, disturbing digestion and other vital functions, culminating in various forms of pathology. This concept explained the therapeutic efficacy of 'placebos' in forms such as spells, charms and talismans. The theory merits close attention by contemporary physicians and researchers.

History of Medicine↗
PubMed2003

Imaginal exposure alone and imaginal exposure with cognitive restructuring in treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

This study investigated the extent to which providing cognitive restructuring (CR) with prolonged imaginal exposure (IE) would lead to greater symptom reduction than providing IE alone for participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fifty-eight civilian survivors of trauma with PTSD were randomly allocated to IE/CR, IE, or supportive counseling (SC). Treatment involved 8 individual weekly sessions with considerable homework. Independent assessments were conducted pretreatment, posttreatment, and at 6-month follow-up. IE/CR and IE resulted in reduced PTSD and depression compared with SC at posttreatment and follow-up. Further, IE/CR participants had greater reductions in PTSD and maladaptive cognitive styles than IE participants at follow-up. These findings suggest that providing CR in combination with IE may enhance treatment gains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Trying to imagineer the future? ... Don't just "imagine" inventory integrity!

Inventory integrity has been discussed, debated, and argued many times, in many organizations. The attempts at a solution have been numerous, from corrective action teams and inventory accuracy committees, to subtask groups and mandates. For a number of reasons, however, the required 95 percent integrity is seldom achieved, and never permanently. This article presents a proven, tested methodology to increase inventory integrity to 95 percent and to keep it there, in a nine-step process that takes no more than 120 days to implement.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lateralization of brain activation to imagination and smell of odors using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): left hemispheric localization of pleasant and right hemispheric localization of unpleasant odors.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to use functional MRI (fMRI) of brain to reveal activation in each cerebral hemisphere in response to imagination and smell of odors. METHOD: FMRI brain scans were obtained in 24 normal subjects using multislice fast low angle shot (FLASH) MRI in response to imagination of banana and peppermint odors and in response to smell of corresponding odors of amyl acetate and menthone, respectively, and of pyridine. Three coronal sections selected from anterior to posterior brain regions were used. Similar studies were obtained in two patients with hyposmia using FLASH MRI and in one patient with hyposmia using echo planar imaging (EPI) both before and after theophylline treatment that returned smell function to or toward normal in each patient and in two patients with birhinal phantosmia (persistent foul odor) and global phantogeusia (persistent foul taste) with FLASH and EPI fMRI before and after treatment with neuroleptic drugs that inhibited their phantosmia and phantogeusia. Activation images were derived using correlation analysis. Ratios of hemispheric areas of brain activation to total hemispheric brain areas were calculated for FLASH fMRI, and numerical counts of pixel clusters in each hemisphere were made for EPI studies. Total pixel cluster counts in localized regions of each hemispheric section were also obtained. RESULTS: In normal subjects, activation generally occurred in left (L) > right (R) brain hemisphere in response to banana and peppermint odor imagination and to smell of corresponding odors of amyl acetate and menthone. Whereas there were no overall hemispheric differences for pyridine odor, activation in men was R > L hemisphere. Although absolute activation in both L and R hemispheres in response to banana odor imagination and amyl acetate smell was men > women, the ratio of L to R activation was women > men. In hyposmic patients studied by FLASH fMRI, activation to banana odor imagination and amyl acetate smell was L > R hemisphere both before and after theophylline treatment. In the hyposmic patient studied with EPI before theophylline treatment, activation to banana and peppermint odor imagination and to amyl acetate, menthone, and pyridine smell was R > L hemisphere; after theophylline treatment restored normal smell function, activation shifted completely with banana and peppermint odor imagination and amyl acetate and menthone smell to L > R hemisphere, consistent with responses in normal subjects. However, this shift also occurred for pyridine smell, which is opposite to responses in normal control subjects. In patients with phantosmia and phantogeusia, activation to phantosmia and phantogeusia before treatment was R > L hemisphere; after treatment inhibited phantosmia and phantogeusia, activation shifted with a slight L > R hemispheric lateralization. Localization of all lateralized responses indicated that anterior frontal and temporal cortices were brain regions most involved with imagination and smell of odors and with phantosmia and phantogeusia presence. CONCLUSION: Imagination and smell of odors perceived as pleasant generally activated the dominant or L > R brain hemisphere. Smell of odors perceived as unpleasant and unpleasant phantosmia and phantogeusia generally activated the contralateral or R > L brain hemisphere. With remission of phantosmia and phantogeusia, hemispheric activation was not only inhibited, but also there was a slight shift to L > R hemispheric predominance. Predominant L > R hemispheric differences in brain activation in normal subjects occurred in the order amyl acetate > menthone > pyridine, consistent with the hypothesis that pleasant odors are more appreciated in L hemisphere and unpleasant odors more in R hemisphere. Anterior frontal and temporal cortex regions previously found activated by imagination and smell of odors and phantosmia and phantogeusia perception accounted for most hemispheric differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant hands in real and imagined motor task performance.

Motor imagery is a dynamic state in which an individual mentally simulates the performance of a specific motor action or motor task. Recent behavioural and neuroimaging evidence suggests that the same neurocognitive networks control real and imagined movements. This hypothesis was tested by investigating whether motor asymmetries related to cerebral dominance also occurred for imagined movements. Fifty subjects performed the visually guided pointing task of Sirigu et al. [Sirigu, A., Duhamel, J., Cohen, L., Pillon, B., Dubois, B. and Agid, Y., The mental representation of hand movements after parietal cortex damage. Science, 1996, 273, 1564-1567.] using their dominant and non-dominant hands. Analysis of group data indicated that both real and imagined movement conformed to Fitts' law. Analysis of individual data indicated that asymmetries arising from motor dominance in real movements also occurred for imagined movements. However, the relative slowing and error associated with the non-dominant hand was greater for imagined movements than for real movements. These asymmetries support the hypothesis that real and imagined movements are represented within the same neurocognitive networks but suggest that asymmetries in performance related to handedness are greater for imagined movements. In addition, while the visually guided pointing task provides a useful test of the ability to make imagined movements, asymmetries in the speed and reliability of imagined performance are significantly greater than those for real performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Does order and timing in performance of imagined and actual movements affect the motor imagery process? The duration of walking and writing task.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on the duration of imagined movements of changes in timing and order of performance of actual and imagined movement. Two groups of subjects had to actually execute and imagine a walking and a writing task. The first group first executed 10 trials of the actual movements (block A) and then imagined the same movements at different intervals: immediately after actual movements (block I-1) and after 25 min (I-2), 50 min (I-3) and 75 min (I-4) interval. The second group first imagined and then actually executed the tasks. The duration of actual and imagined movements, recorded by means of an electronic stopwatch operated by the subjects, was analysed. The duration of imagined movements was very similar to those of actual movements, for both tasks, regardless of either the interval elapsed from the actual movements (first group) or the order of performance (second group). However, the variability of imagined movement duration was significantly increased compared to variability of the actual movements, for both motor tasks and groups. The findings give evidence of similar cognitive processes underlying both imagination and actual performance of movement.

Adult↗