Oblique views of the ilium and the scintigraphic appearance of stress fractures of the ilium.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “ILIUM”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Perityphilitic symptoms in osteomyelitis of the right part of the ilium due to pseudo-appendicitis (local contact-peritonitis) and genuine concomitant appendicitis; in addition a study on the lymphatic vessels of the ilium].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Appendicitis↗
Ilium growth study: applicability in sex and age diagnosis.
The use of coxal elements for age and sex diagnosis from the skeleton is the primary and most widespread way of bringing us closer to the identity of dead individuals in archaeological and certain forensic scenarios. Diagnosis in sub-adults, especially in fetus and infant age, is not clear; and further studies are needed. This work presents the analysis of the growth of six variables in the ilium, from birth to 97 years of age, in order to evaluate its significance and its capacity for age and sex determination during and after growth. The materials used were 327 specimens from four documented Western European collections. Growth curves were calculated for the three classical variables of the ilium (width, length and index) and three new variables of the acetabulum area (horizontal and vertical diameter of the ilium acetabular surface and the ilium acetabular index). None of the curves showed a lineal growth, except those of the horizontal diameter of the ilium acetabular surface for the male series. The ilium width has the most complicated growth and it is explained by a four-degree polynomial. All the variables studied can be useful for adult sex discrimination with the exception of the ilium width and ilium acetabular index. Furthermore, the most useful variables for subadult and adult age estimation in archaeological samples, as well as in forensic samples, are the absolute measurements (ilium length and width, horizontal and vertical diameter of the ilium acetabular surface); however, the ilium width is the best variable, as this can be applied to all growth ages using both sexual series together up to 20 years of age.
Adolescent↗
The projection of the lateral sacral mass on the outer table of the posterior ilium.
STUDY DESIGN: This study was designed to construct the projection of the lateral sacral mass on the posterior ilium using cadaveric pelves and to measure the dimensions of the projection. OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to determine quantitatively the location of the lateral sacral mass on the outer table of the ilium. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Anatomic studies relative to instrumentation of the posterior iliosacral region are few. No previous anatomic studies with regard to the projection of the lateral sacral mass have been reported. METHODS: Twelve cadaveric pelves were used for this study. To determine the projection of the lateral sacral mass on the outer table of the posterior ilium, several Kirschner wires were drilled along the outermost peripheral edge of the lateral sacral mass from the inner table of the ilium through the outer table. A triangle projection on the outer table of the posterior ilium was then constructed according to the placed Kirschner wires. The widths and height of the projection, and the distances from the axis of the projection to posterior superior iliac spine and posterior inferior iliac spine were measured bilaterally. RESULTS: The average height of the projection of the lateral sacral mass was 61.4 mm. The average base width of the projection was 56.8 mm. The average distances from posterior superior iliac spine and posterior interior iliac spine to the longitudinal axis of the projection of the lateral mass were 30 mm and 27.4 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study reported the average location of the lateral sacral mass on the outer table of the ilium. The superior area of the projection may be an ideal zone for transiliosacral screw placement.
Adult↗
Cancellous bone resorption in the proximal ilium of the ovariectomized rat.
Bone histomorphometry was performed on the proximal ilium of mature Sprague-Dawley rats following ovariectomy, and these rats were compared with sham-operated controls. Bone volume per unit tissue volume (BV/TV), osteoid surface, and the depth and extent of eroded cavities were measured in animals killed at intervals after operation. The rate of bone loss and the mean osteoid surface in the proximal ilium of the ovariectomized rats was significantly greater than that of the control rats over a 210-day postoperative period. The eroded surface and mean trabecular thickness in the proximal ilium of the ovariectomized rats were not significantly different from that of the control rats, and therefore failed to explain the difference in the rate of bone loss. The distribution of the depths of trabecular eroded cavities in the ilium of ovariectomized rats was different from that in the control rats. The loss of trabecular bone mass in the proximal ilium of ovariectomized, mature rats appeared due to increased activity of individual osteoclasts, rather than to increased osteoclast numbers and thinning of trabeculae.
Animals↗
Projection of the S2 pedicle onto the posterolateral surface of the ilium. A technique for lag screw fixation of sacral fractures or sacroiliac joint dislocations.
STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed the sacroiliac articulation at the level of the second sacral vertebra (S2). Anthropometric measurements were performed on 20 cadaveric pelves to determine the optimal starting point for lag screw fixation of the sacroiliac joint at S2. OBJECTIVES: The measurements were utilized to identify a region on the outer table of the posterior ilium which will provide a starting point for consistent safe placement of a lag screw across the sacroiliac joint into the ala of S2. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies have defined the optimal starting point on the outer table of the ilium for the projection of lag screws into the ala of S1. No data are available for lag screw fixation of the sacroiliac joint at S2. METHODS: Twenty human cadaveric pelves, disarticulated at the sacroiliac joint and fixed in a holding frame designed to maintain the sacrum and ilium in anatomic reduction, were utilized to identify a point on the outer table of the posterior ilium at which an interfragmentary screw could be inserted into the center of the pedicle of the second sacral vertebra. RESULTS: The starting point on the posterolateral ilium for screw insertion into the center of the S2 pedicle was found to exist 1.5 +/- 0.31 cm superior and 2.5 +/- 0.3 cm posterior to the apex of the greater sciatic notch only when the screw or guide pin was advanced at an angle perpendicular to the long axis of the sacrum. CONCLUSION: During lag screw fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions, aberrant screw placement may impose considerable risk to adjacent vascular, visceral, or neural structures. After anatomic reduction of the sacroiliac joint, safe and accurate screw fixation can be achieved by utilizing the starting point and insertion trajectory described in this paper.
Bone Screws↗
A morphological study of the fetal ilium; focusing on the sexual differences of the greater sciatic notch.
A number of studies on sexual differences in the ilium have been reported. However, most of these studies have focused on the adult ilium. With regard to sexual differences in the fetal ilium, few studies have been carried out. Especially, there have few studies regarding sexual differences in the fetal ilium using dry bones. In the present study, sexual differences in the morphological characteristics of the greater sciatic notch were investigated using dry fetal iliac bones. We examined 212 fetuses (106 males and 106 females) measuring 20.0 cm or more in fetal length with free of gross malformations or deformities which were collected at Saga Medical School. The iliac bones were excised from these fetuses and dried as materials for study. Fetal length was measured in the fully extended position and was classified into six groups each for males and females in 5-cm increments, giving a total of twelve groups. The inner lateral surface of the greater sciatic notch was magnified 25x using projector, traced, and the tracings were inputted to a computer (7600/120: Apple Co. Ltd) using a flatbed scanner. The width and height of the greater sciatic notch were measured, as well as the area of the greater sciatic notch. No sexual differences were noted regarding the increase in the width of the greater sciatic notch in fetuses up to 39.9 cm in fetal length. In fetuses measuring between 40.0 anf 44.9 cm, a significant sexual difference was observed, with the increase in greater sciatic notch width markedly greater in females. With respect to the increase in the height of the greater sciatic notch, no significant differences were noted. No significant differences were observed in the total area of the greater sciatic notch in fetuses up to 39.9 cm in fetal length. On the other hand, a significant sexual difference was observed in fetuses measuring 40.0 cm or more, with the total area markedly increased in females. In addition, no significant differences were found in the area between the two sides of the greater sciatic notch in fetuses up to 39.9 cm in fetal length, although significant differences were observed in fetuses measuring 40.0 cm or more. In female fetuses 40.0 cm or more in fetal length, the greater sciatic notch was found to be wider than in males, and the peak of the greater sciatic notch was displaced in the anteroinferior direction, farther from the auricular surface of the ilium and nearer the pubic bone. Thus these female fetuses show morphological characteristics of the adult female pelvic bone. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that sexual differences can be identified in fetuses from the 8th month of pregnancy (fetal length 40.0 cm or more).
Anthropometry↗
Nutrient groove of the ilium, a subtle but important forensic radiographic marker in the identification of victims of severe trauma.
A variety of skeletal characteristics pertaining to the bony pelvis have, over the years, been of assistance as forensic markers, but the importance of the nutrient groove of the ilium has not been appreciated. During aircraft accident investigations we compared premortem anteroposterior abdominal radiographs with postmortem specimen radiographs of the ilium, with particular attention directed to the nutrient groove of the ilium. This marker can assume several configurations (i.e., parallel, V-shaped and Y-shaped) and is situated a few centimeters lateral to the sacroiliac joint. Left/right asymmetry, or absence of the nutrient grove on one side of the pelvis are possible variants within an individual. The purpose of this report is to emphasize the previously unrecognized importance of the nutrient groove of the ilium as a useful forensic radiographic marker.
Accidents, Aviation↗
Morbidity from bone harvest in major jaw reconstruction: a randomized trial comparing the lateral anterior and posterior approaches to the ilium.
A randomized prospective study was done to compare bone harvest morbidity in the lateral anterior versus the lateral posterior approach to the ilium. One hundred consecutive patients, requiring at least 60 ml of bone for continuity defects of the mandible, were randomly placed in equal groups in these two categories. Assessment of morbidity vectors included pain, ambulation, seroma, and blood loss. Results, in part, identified the posterior ilium harvest to have decreased morbidity in all variables. The reduced morbidity encountered, and the greater quantity of available bone, are both related to the anatomic differences between the anterior and posterior ilium. Accepted disadvantages were increased operating time and the need to turn the patient.
Adolescent↗
Effects of splitting the iliac apophysis on subsequent growth of the ilium: a rabbit study.
We wished to determine if splitting the iliac apophysis in a skeletally immature animal would affect subsequent growth of the ilium. Thirty-two rabbits were divided into six groups. One group was the sham group; the other five groups received different types of surgical splitting and repair of the iliac apophysis. The results suggested that any splitting of the iliac apophysis in an immature animal significantly affects subsequent growth of the ilium. The type of repair apparently does not affect the amount of growth retardation. Using electrocautery to split the iliac apophysis has a significantly greater effect on growth of the ilium.
Animals↗
Growth disturbance of the ilium after splitting the iliac apophysis and iliac crest bone harvesting in children: a retrospective study at the end of growth following unilateral Salter innominate osteotomy in 21 children.
The morphology of the iliac bone was assessed at the end of growth on AP x-rays of the pelvis in 21 children who had previously undergone unilateral pelvic osteotomy. The nonoperated side was used as a reference. There were 13 girls and 8 boys. Age at operation varied from 12 months to 12 years with a mean of 3 years and 10 months. The patients were distributed in 2 groups depending on their age at operation: before age 5 (group A, 16 cases) or after age 5 (group B, 5 cases). The mean age at follow-up was 15 years and 2 months (range 11-19 years). The end of pelvic growth was established by Risser stage IV. Distinct hypoplasia of the ilium due to premature growth arrest was observed in 16 cases: 12 in group A and 4 in group B. Other changes in the morphology of the ilium were noted, e.a. increased height of the ilium which was noted in 12 cases. The cosmetic prejudice was however minor, as compared with the radiological changes. In the authors' opinion, the alar hypoplasia was related to growth disturbances due to repeated splitting of the iliac apophysis. To prevent this complication the authors recommend avoiding the use of an electrocautery to incise the iliac apophysis and cutting the Kirschner wires so that their proximal ends lie within the subcutaneous fat, in order to avoid repeated splitting of the apophysis at the time of hardware removal.
Child↗
Giant cell tumour of ilium.
Most common tumours of ilium are chondrosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma. Giant cell tumour commonly presents at the ends of long bones. It is quite uncommon to find osteoclastoma in flat bones, especially ilium. This is the only case of osteoclastoma of ilium seen during the last 7 years in this institution and is reported for its rarity.
Bone Neoplasms↗
A modified approach to the ilium to obtain graft material.
The ilium is a commonly utilized site for obtaining graft material for maxillofacial reconstruction. Pain, decreased mobility, and equivocal esthetics are complications sometimes encountered postoperatively with most current ilium harvesting techniques. A new approach to the ilium for obtaining marrow and cancellous bone was used in 26 cases during a one-year period. No complications encountered in the donor site. The technique is simple, allows simultaneous procedures, and is esthetically acceptable.
Curettage↗
Intraosseous lipoma of the ilium. A case report.
Intraosseous lipoma is the rarest of the benign primary tumors of bone. It occurs most often in the metaphysis of long bones and is usually identified as an incidental roentgenographic finding. A 53-year-old man demonstrated a mass in his buttock and a lytic lesion of his ilium. Preoperative computed axial tomography (CAT) scanning was helpful in establishing its anatomic boundaries and the cellular composition of the mass. The CAT scan demonstrated the tumor extending anteriorly and posteriorly through the ilium and having a uniform soft tissue density with the same attenuation as adipose tissue. The patient was successfully treated with a marginal excision of the tumor. An intraosseous lipoma seems not to have been previously reported to involve the ilium or be associated with significant extension into soft tissue.
Bone Neoplasms↗
[Venous vascularization of the ilium].
The authors have tried to render visible the venous network of the ilium in order to understand the technique of high flow intra iliac infusion. To that aim, they have injected in each ilium of corpses, not previously embalmed, a coloured resin plastic transfused within two minutes. The corpses have then been dissected. The authors have remarked: 1. the whole vena cava inferior system was quickly and completely filled, 2. the filling-up of a dense network of periosteal small veins on the ilium, spreading to the muscular intra and extra-pelvic veins.
Adult↗
Insufficiency fractures of the ilium.
Insufficiency fractures often occur in the sacrum and pubic rami but have rarely been reported in the ilium, where their frequency may be underestimated. We studied a series of 14 patients with insufficiency fractures of the ilium. Six patients had an oblique fracture through the wing of the ilium (which was bilateral in one case) and nine a supraacetabular fracture, with in one case a superomedial extension into the iliac wing. The initial radiographs were normal, making the diagnosis difficult. A linear area of sclerosis along the fracture line was seen after a few weeks. The radionuclide examination provided early detection and often demonstrated multiple insufficiency fractures (mean 2.1 per patient). Computed tomography missed some of the fractures, whereas magnetic resonance imaging proved a reliable diagnostic tool, especially in patients with supraacetabular fractures, showing the fracture as a line of low signal surrounded by an area of edema whose contours were exactly the same as those of the hyperactive focus on the radionuclide scan. Osteoporosis was a causative factor in all 14 patients and vitamin D deficiency in seven. Also, three patients had a history of fluoride therapy.
Acetabulum↗
[Long-term management results of Pemberton's ilium osteotomy in combination with inter-trochanter derotation-varisation osteotomy in hip dysplasia of childhood].
AIM: The aim of the present study was to obtain long-term functional and radiographic results after a pericapsular osteotomy of the ilium (Pemberton) and a simultaneously performed derotation-varisation osteotomy of the proximal femur in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after the end of the maturity process. METHOD: The clinical results and x-ray measurements of 79 patients with 100 operated hips were analysed. The average follow-up time after surgery was 14 years and 7 months (range: 10.4 to 19.5 years). The indication for operation was determined using the acetabular angle of more than two standard deviations. RESULTS: The clinical investigation shows that 85 % of the operated patients had no functional limitations. 14 % of the patients had minor limitations and 1 % had major limitations in their hip movement. No patient suffered constant hip pain; 62 % had no pain even after long walking; 32 % had pain after walking for more than an hour; 6 % complained of hip pain after walking for less than an hour. The radiological measurements show that 95.9 % of the patients had normal or mildly pathological ACM angle scores, and 92.8 % had normal or mildly pathological CE angle scores. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of residual hip dysplasia by simultaneously performed pericapsular ilium and proximal femur osteotomy is very effective. Although a radiographically almost normal acetabulum could be documented in patients after the end of the maturity process, revalgisation of the proximal femur occurred. With an appropriate acetabular correction additional osteotomy of the femur might therefore be unnecessary.
Adolescent↗
Vascular iliac crest with inner table of the ilium as an option in maxillary reconstruction.
Reconstruction of large maxillary defects has been a long-standing challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Total maxillary reconstruction is desirable but often not possible; ideally, this would provide all the anatomical structural support, function, and esthetics missing because of the defect. A case is presented in which all the criteria for total maxillary reconstruction have been fulfilled. The patient is a 60-year-old man who had wide excision of his maxilla for ameloblastoma, followed by temporal bone flap reconstruction, which failed. He presented to our institution for further evaluation and possible treatment options; these were discussed with the patient and the multidisciplinary team that deals with congenital and acquired deformities in the head and neck area. An iliac crest free flap that included the inner table of the ilium based on the deep circumflex iliac artery was used for the reconstruction. The procedure is described, including restoration of a nasal lining. Osseointegrated implants were used for dental rehabilitation. Ameloblastoma is briefly discussed. The goals of maxillary rehabilitation and obstacles to obtaining those goals are presented. Options available for maxillary reconstruction are discussed, along with some of their advantages and disadvantages, as is the reason why the iliac crest free flap with the inner table of the ilium was chosen. An iliac crest free flap with microvascular anastomosis to facial vessels was used to reconstruct a large maxillary defect. Osseointegrated implants were used to facilitate dental rehabilitation. Our patient has excellent restoration of oronasal function with a satisfactory esthetic result.
Ameloblastoma↗