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Results for “ILEUM/physiology”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1958

Demonstration in vitro of anaphylactoid response of the uterus and ileum of guinea pigs injected with testis or sperm.

FEMALE GUINEA PIGS WERE INJECTED WITH THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS: homogenates of guinea pig testis in saline or in adjuvant; suspensions of washed guinea pig sperm in saline or in adjuvant; homogenates of rabbit testis in adjuvant; guinea pig sperm and rabbit sperm in adjuvant. Control animals were not injected or were injected with adjuvant alone. At various times between 15 and 39 days after injection, the animals were sacrificed. Their ilea and uterine horns were removed and tested in vitro for reaction to washed epididymal sperm of the guinea pig, rabbit, or bull. It was found that the animals which were injected with homologous testis or sperm in adjuvant possessed organs which responded strongly to the challenge with homologous sperm. The response was a contracture which began 10 to 30 seconds after the sperm were injected into the bath and lasted for 5 minutes to 4 hours, the longest period of observation. Responses which lasted for periods of 5 minutes to 30 minutes were obtained with the uteri of the animals injected with guinea pig testis in saline or with guinea pig sperm in saline. Animals which were injected with rabbit testis and adjuvant responded to rabbit sperm, and animals injected with guinea pig sperm and rabbit sperm in adjuvant reacted to both gametes. A large proportion of the control animals possessed organs which reacted weakly to the challenge with homologous sperm. Retesting the organ which had contracted following exposure to sperm indicated that desensitization had occurred. Testing with heterologous sperm indicated a species selectivity. The evidence is interpreted to mean that injections of sperm or testis induce a hypersensitivity which is similar in some respects but differs from true anaphylaxis. The findings are discussed from the point of view of the nature of the response and the implications regarding natural immunity to sperm.

Animals↗
PubMed1960

Na, Cl, and water transport by rat ileum in vitro.

Interrelationships between metabolism, NaCl transport, and water transport have been studied in an in vitro preparation of rat ileum. When glucose is present in the mucosal solution, Na and Cl both appear to be actively transported from mucosa to serosa while water absorption is passive and dependent on net solute transport. Removal of glucose from the mucosal solution or treatment with dinitrophenol, monoiodoacetate, or anoxia inhibits active salt transport and as a result, water absorption is also inhibited. The dependence of water absorption on metabolism can be explained as a secondary effect due to its dependence on active salt transport. The relationship between salt and water transport has been discussed in terms of a model system.

Animals↗
PubMed1957

Two kinds of tryptamine receptor.

There are two kinds of tryptamine receptor in the guinea-pig ileum, namely the M receptors which can be blocked with morphine and the D receptors which can be blocked with dibenzyline. Atropine, an atropine-like drug, cocaine, and methadone inhibit effects due to the M receptors, even after dibenzyline, but have no additional effect after morphine. Lysergic acid diethylamide, dihydroergotamine and 5-benzyloxygramine inhibit effects due to the D receptors, even after morphine, but have no additional effect after dibenzyline. The M receptors are probably in the nervous tissue and the D receptors are probably in the muscles.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1962

Effect of cooling, local anaesthetic compounds and botulinum toxin on the responses of and the acetylcholine output from the electrically transmurally stimulated isolated guinea-pig ileum.

Electrical transmural stimulation of the isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation which was distended by an intraluminal pressure insufficient to elicit peristalsis produced two effects, one a longitudinal contraction and the other an emptying response brought about by a co-ordinated propagated contraction of the circular muscle. The parameters of the electrical stimulus used were such that these effects were probably produced by stimulation of the nervous plexuses in the wall of the ileum. In the presence of the anticholinesterase NN-diisopropylphosphodiamidic fluoride (Mipafox), acetylcholine was detected in the fluid passing through the lumen and also in the fluid in the organ bath. The amount was increased after a period of electrical stimulation. As variation of the frequency of stimulation from 5/min to 25/sec did not alter statistically significantly the acetylcholine output, a frequency of 5/min was used. Cooling to 13 degrees C, the effect of local anaesthetic compounds and botulinum toxin reduced both the emptying response and longitudinal contractions of the ileum which followed transmural stimulation, with a concurrent reduction in acetylcholine output. It was concluded that the acetylcholine was released by electrical transmural stimulation from the intramural nerve plexuses in the wall of the guinea-pig ileum.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1962

Studies on sympathetic mechanisms in isolated intestinal and vas deferens preparations.

The effects of various drugs which block sympathetic nerves have been studied in Finkleman preparations of rabbit and cat ileum. Contractile responses could be produced in many cases after the normal inhibitory responses to periarterial nerve stimulation had been blocked. In almost all cases this contractile response was abolished by ganglion-blocking drugs. The normal rabbit ileum Finkleman preparation was found to behave differently towards bretylium than do preparations taken from animals treated with reserpine. The block of the guinea-pig isolated hypogastric vas deferens preparation caused by hemicholinium HC-3 was found to be reversed in the presence of noradrenaline, histamine, or 5-hydroxytryptamine, as was the block caused by guanethidine and bretylium. The results are discussed in relation to the Burn-Rand theory of sympathetic nerve mechanism.

Animals↗