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The authors describe three coccidian species (eimeria arloingi, E. ninakohylakimovae, E. parva) found in the faeces of some Nubian ibexes (Capra ibex nubiana) in the "Hai-Bar Wildlife Reserve", Israel. The results of the study represent the first finding of coccidia in C. ibex nubiana.
Play behavior was studied in a captive group of Siberian ibex at the Chicago Zoological Park. The hypothesis that physical training effects were at least partially responsible for the evolution of play in this species was tested by noting the amounts of play which occurred on flat and on sloped surfaces. The kids showed a clear preference for play on sloped terrain, even though this choice resulted in considerably greater risks. The danger involved in highly active locomotor play performed on steeply sloped areas is presumably outweighed by the physical training benefit for an adult life spent moving in precipitious areas.
We generated a comparative spatial proteomic atlas of the human and mouse retina using a highly multiplexed immunohistochemistry technique called iterative bleaching extends multiplexity (IBEX). We refined the IBEX workflow by integrating an antibody dissociation option alongside chemical bleaching. This dual strategy enabled removal of the entire antibody complex, permitting the flexible use of antibodies from the same host species across iterative cycles. We coupled this workflow with super-resolution imaging via deconvolution and applied it to the retina of healthy humans and WT mice and the Crb1rd8 mouse model. We successfully imaged over 25 protein markers on human and mouse tissue sections, generating spatial atlases of the major retinal cell populations. Cross-species protein expression was compared to scRNA-seq datasets to identify protein and transcript disparities. Super-resolution IBEX delineated the ultrastructural features of the outer limiting membrane (OLM), identifying CD44 as a core structural component tightly colocalized with a highly organized F-actin belt within Müller glial endfeet. Using the Crb1rd8 mouse model, disruption of this complex was spatially associated with rosette formation and OLM structural failure. In summary, spatial proteomic atlases of the human and mouse retina were used to reveal insights into the arrangement of major retinal cell populations and OLM structure.
Sarcosporidiasis is a very common infection of steinbocks (Capra ibex) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) of Gran Paradiso National Park, Italian Western Alps, frequently with serious cardiac involvement. No dogs or cats are allowed inside the Park, to the contrary foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are present every where, near steinbocks and chamois, and eat on the bodies of dead animals. Feces of Vulpes vulpes were collected in the same area, where the infected Capra ibex used for the following experiment was living (Gran Nomenon - Chantel - P.N.G.P. Val di Cogne, altitude ranging from 2200 to 2600 m). These feces and feces from foxes collected in different areas of Valle dell'Orco were found positive for sporulated sporocysts which varied between 8-10 X 13-15 mum. Infected muscles of a Capra ibex (oesophagus, heart, diaphragm, intercostal and abdominal muscles, etc.) were fed to canidae (Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris), felidae (Felis catus, Felis leo) mustelidae (Putorius putorius furo) and to a prey bird (Falco tinnunculus). One Vulpes vulpes and two Canis familiaris were maintained as control under the same experimental conditions. Only Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris excreted sporulated sporocysts in their feces after 12, 13 and 21 days respectively and for several weeks. These sporocysts varied between 8-10 X 13-15 mum. All the other animals (Felis catus, Felis leo, Putorius putorius furo and Falco tinnunculus) remained costantly negative during all the experiments. It is concluded that Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris (Canidae) are definitive hosts of Sarcocystis sp. of Capra ibes of P.N.G.P., and that sarcosporidiasis of steinbocks is transmitted inside the Parco (P.N.G.P.) by Vulpes vulpes.
Iterative bleaching extends multiplexity (IBEX) is an easy-to-use, highly multiplex immunofluorescent tissue imaging method that employs widely available microscopy platforms, commercial reagents, and open-source software. In this article, we describe how to implement this method in a laboratory that has minimal experience with immunohistochemistry.
The results obtained in a survey on the diffusion of pulmonary nematodes in 13 steinbocks (Capra ibex) and 71 chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) of the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso, and 49 chamois of the Riserva di Valdieri, Italian Western Alps, are reported. The following species of nematodes were identified: Spiculocaulus austriacus, Protostrongylus rufescens, Protostrongylus hobmaieri in steinbocks; Protostrongylus rupicaprae, Protostrongylus hobmaieri, Protostrongylus refescens,Protostrongylus sp., Spiculocaulus austriacus and Dictyocaulus filaria in chamois. The study of two species, viz. Spiculocaulus austriacus and Protostrongylus sp., is still in progress because these nematodes show morphological peculiarities never previously described.
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