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Results for “Human immunology”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

A comparison of the unlabeled enzyme method with immunofluorescence for the evaluation of human immunologic renal disease.

The application of the unlabeled enzyme method to immunostaining of human renal biopsy material is described. The specificity and sensitivity of this technic were compared with those of standard immunofluorescent staining procedures. The unlabeled enzyme method, although a lengthier procedure, has proven to be as specific and at least as sensitive as conventional fluorescent staining. The advantages of the procedure are its permanence, its compatibility with conventional staining procedures, and the avoidance of fluorescent microscopy for evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on some parameters of the human immunological defence system.

We have investigated the effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation on some parameters of the human immune defence system in a group of 25 healthy, male university students. The subjects ingested 1 g ascorbic acid per day for a period of 75 days. Serum levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, C-3 complement component, cortisol and transcortin were measured before and after the ascorbic acid course. Corresponding measurements were performed on a control group of 20 healthy, male university students receiving no extra-dietary vitamin C. Our results showed that ascorbic acid supplementation caused a statistically significant increase in the serum levels of IgA, IgM and C-3 complement. Our study does not permit of conclusions regarding the mechanisms of action of ascorbic acid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The effect of oxisuran on human immunological responsiveness.

Immunological function was evaluated in 9 patients who received oxisuran at a dose range of 5-90 mg/kg, for periods of 5-40 weeks. Bone marrow cytotoxicity and lymphopenia did not occur. Established humoral immunological reactions were unaffected by oxisuran. Only 6 of 19 previously positive skin tests reverted to negative. Primary cellular immune reactivity was markedly suppressed. Allogenic skin graft survival was prolonged to a mean of 30.7 days and only 2 of 9 patients were successfully sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene and Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, respectively. Both IgG and IgM responses to primary typhoid immunization were inhibited. In vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte activity in phytohemagglutinin and mixed lymphocyte culture tests remained normal. These data suggest that oxisuran interferes with the afferent limb of the immune system and may thereby be clinically useful in human transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Human tumour immunology.

Many human cancer cells appear to differ from their normal counterparts in ways that are recognisable by the immune system of the host or patient. The specificities of these differences, however, and the nature, extent and significance of the most responses to them are often not very clear. Disturbances of the immune system generally contribute little to the occurrence, progression and clinical features of common malignant diseases. The present value of immunological monitoring of cancer patients is rather limited. Immunotherapy remains an experimental mode of treatment, the results of which are often disappointing. Current studies of the host-tumour relationship in experimental animals and man suggest, however, that a wholly pessimistic view is not justified.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Human Systems Immunology in the Omics Era: Challenges, Methods, and Emerging Directions.

The human immune system is a highly complex, dynamic, and heterogeneous network shaped by genetic, environmental, and temporal influences. Advances in high-throughput omics technologies have transformed our ability to study this complexity directly and comprehensively in human cohorts. These developments have positioned systems immunology as a powerful framework for investigating coordinated immune responses, identifying regulatory mechanisms, and linking molecular patterns to clinical phenotypes. However, the analytical challenges inherent to large-scale, multimodal datasets-including batch effects, small sample sizes, high dimensionality, and substantial interindividual heterogeneity-require rigorous study design, robust statistical modeling, and thoughtful data analysis strategies. In this review, we summarize key technological foundations enabling modern human systems immunology, outline common analytical pitfalls and effective mitigation approaches, discuss data integration concepts, and highlight emerging opportunities in the field. Together, these technological and analytical advances are redefining how immune function is measured and interpreted in real-world human biology and hold significant promise for enhancing mechanistic insight, biomarker discovery, and precision medicine across immunological diseases and interventions.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Immunologic differences in human isoferritins: implications for immunologic quantitation of serum ferritin.

Immunologic differences in several tissue isoferritin populations have been investigated using antibodies developed in rabbits against human liver ferritin and in guinea pigs against HeLa cell ferritin. Our results indicate that the quantity of ferritin measured by radioimmunoassays is markedly affected by the isoferritin and subunit composition of the ferritin sample as well as by the nature of the antiferritin antibodies. Possible applications for the selective quantitation of different serum ferritin populations are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Glucocorticoid receptors and actions in rat thymocytes and immunologically stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes.

After reviewing briefly our earlier studies on glucocorticoid receptors and mechanisms in thymus cells, we have outlined results from the following two areas of current interest in our laboratories: the "life-cycle" of glucocorticoid receptors and complexes in thymus cells, and the levels of glucocorticoid receptors and sensitivity in immunologically stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes. Several of our results on energetics and kinetics of hormone binding to glucocorticoid receptors in rat thymus cells seem to require extension of the simplest model of hormone-receptor transformations in intact cells. ATP-depletion experiments suggest the existence of a nonbinding form of the receptor; "chase" experiments suggest reaction of hormone directly with nuclear-bound receptor; experiments on depletion and replenishment of cytoplasmic receptor using cortisol and dexamethasone suggest the existence of at least two subpopulations of nuclear-bound hormone-receptor complex. We have found that mitogen or immunologic stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes in culture leads within 24 h or so to a striking increase in the number of glucocorticoid receptor sites per cell. We believe this increase may be due to partial synchronization of the cell population in a phase of the cell cycle in which receptor content is high. Contrary to the widely held view that mitogen-stimulated cells become insensitive to glucocorticoids, our experiments show that with respect to inhibition of thymidine and uridine incorporation and glucose uptake, the cells are highly sensitive to dexamethasone at 24, 48, and 72 h after stimulation with concanavalin A.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The immunology of human and animal cysticercosis: a review.

In this review of the literature concerning the immunology of animal and human cysticercosis, emphasis is placed on whether previous exposure to the antigen confers protection to the host. Statistical analysis of the published data indicates that immunized animals have a lower risk than non-immunized animals of contracting cysticercosis, there being large variations within and between different host-cysticercus relationships. There is no indication as to which antigen is best for immunization but, although live parasites in all stages of development, or extracts, appear to give protection, embryos, eggs, and excretions are most frequently used. Antibodies appear to be the principal mediators of resistance, but the action seems to be only upon very young larvae, while fully grown cysticerci are unharmed. Several immunological methods are valuable in the diagnosis of cysticercosis, the choice depending more on the purpose of the study than on differences in their ability to discriminate between healthy and sick. The presence of anticysticercus antibodies in the serum of up to 50% of human patients indicates that human vaccination may be possible in high-risk areas; the remaining patients pose an interesting problem open to speculation and research on immunological evasion, immunodepression, and the existence of serotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Immunology of human warts (author's transl)].

Specific immune reactions in man subsequent to infection by wart virus have been the subject of various studies. Most concern humoral immunity and show an antibody distribution which rises with age comparable to the viral exanthems of childhood with a maximum at 20 years and show decline thereafter. The acquisition of antibody is prolonged and sometimes irregular and its role in wart healing is questionable. The most recent work on cellular immunity has demonstrated profound abnormalities in cases of profuse verrucosis and in epidermodysplasia verruciformis, increased incidence of warts in immunodeficient states and the existence of specific reactions to viral antigen both in vitro and in vivo. Such results indicate and predominant role for cellular immunity in the evolution of this viral infection and suggest the possibility of specific immunotherapy. Very recent studies of biochemical identification of purified virus particles of various clinical types of wart show viral heterogeneity. This fact implies the need to reexamine these immune reactions in the light of the existence of crossed serological reactivity and specific wart treatment.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunologic research on human colonic cancer].

Immunological studies on human colonic tumors were oriented in two ways according to their methodology: immunochemistry or cellular immunology methods. Immunochemical studies allowed to characterized several tumor associated antigens although no one was proved as cancer specific. The most famous of these antigens is no doubt the carcinoembryonic antigen of the digestive system or shortly CEA. This is a perchlorosoluble glycoprotein which is associated to the apical pole of glandular cells. It is found in relatively large amounts in colonic carcinomas, mainly the well differentiated ones, and in traces in non cancerous colonic mucosa. By radioimmunoassay CEA level was found elevated above 2,5 ng/ml in most of the sera of patients bearing a digestive cancer but also in a fair number of patients having non-digestive cancer or an inflammatory disease involving or not the digestive system. Morever CEA increase is noted in only one third of incipient colonic carcinomas. CEA assay is thus not reliable for diagnostic of colon cancers, specially the localized ones. On the contrary, this assay seems to be of great value in the follow-up of patients operated for colonic carcinoma. Cellular immunology methods aim to characterize the reactivity of patients lymphocytes to antigens carried by their own tumor. Results obtained by microcytotoxicity are now questioned. Migration inhibition of peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphoblastic transformation give perhaps more reliable informations. The same is likely true for skin tests made in cancerous patients with extracts of their own tumor.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

Immunology of human warts.

Rapid advances have occurred in the characterization of human papilloma virus (HPV) types applying the new advanced techniques of restriction endonuclease analysis and molecular hybridization to human wart virus. Human papilloma virus can no longer be viewed as a single, homogeneous virus producing all varieties of clinical warts. At least three antigenically heterogeneous HPV types have been associated with common and plantar warts. Two additional HPV types have been found in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Condylomata acuminata and laryngeal papillomas contain viruses which are also distinct from the preceding viruses and may represent additional HPV types. This antigenic heterogeneity of HPV has important implications concerning the immunology of human warts which have not been taken into account in most previously published studies. Both antibody and cell-mediated responses may be seen in patients with active warts, but many patients with warts have no demonstrable immune reactions. The role of immunity in wart regression remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, the increased frequency of warts in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs and with immune deficiency states and the immunologic alterations which occur in patients with regressing or cured warts compared to patients with active warts, particularly the increased frequency of cell-mediated responses and antibodies specific for viral antigens, support a possible role for immunity in the resolution of warts. The evidence to date, however, does not prove that immune mechanisms are directly responsible for the elimination of warts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The use of viable frozen lymphocytes for studies in human tumor immunology.

Viable frozen lymphocytes displayed activity in blastogenesis assays that was indistinguishable from freshly prepared lymphoid cells. Similarly, cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against melanoma target cells from melanoma patients was only slightly affected by the freezing procedure. Frozen lymphocytes provided a highly reproducible source of cells in these assays. The use of viable frozen peripheral blood lymphoid cells for the retrospective analysis of a cancer patient's immune response is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lysis of human normal and sarcoma cells in tissue culture by normal human serum: implications for experiments in human tumor immunology.

Sera from 8 of 9 patients with osteogenic sarcoma equally lysed autologous tissue-cultured cells of both skin and osteosarcoma in the presence of complement. Of 155 normal human sera tested, 103 (66%) lysed allogeneic normal ksin in tissue culture. These antibodies appeared more prevalent in younger (96% in ages 11-20 yr) than older (33% in ages 41-50 yr) humans. The presence of these "natural" antibodies against normal and malignant cells growing in tissue culture was possibly directed against components adsorbed to the cells during tissue culture or to "new" cell-surface antigens expressed by these cells grown in tissue culture. These non-tumor-related neoantigens on normal and malignant cells in tissue culture represented a potential source of confusion in studies of the serologic response of humans to tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Biological and immunological characterization of human luteinizing hormone: II. A comparison of the immunological and biological activities of pituitary extracts after electrofocusing using different standard preparations.

The profile of immunologically active human luteinizing hormone (hLH) was determined in aqueous pituitary extracts after electrofocusing using two radioimmunoassay systems and the estimates for each fraction were compared to those obtained by an in vitro bioassay method. Similar biological and immunological profiles were obtained in the pH 7.0-9.0 region, where most of the biological activity was present. Biological to immunological (B/I) ratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.7 (mean ratio 1.01; n = 21) were found in the major biologically active fractions of this pH region when a highly purified human pituitary LH preparation (68/40) was used as standard in both types of assays. The close proximity of these ratios to unity indicates a similar composition of biological and immunological activities in all these fractions in relation to that of the highly purified standard. However, marked discrepancies were observed in the pH region 3.0-7.0 where the B/I ratios ranged from 0.1 to 0.9, indicating the presence of immunological activity associated with relatively little biological activity. When impure human LH preparations of pituitary (69/104) and urinary (hMG 2nd IRP) origin were used as standards for the bioassay and radioimmunoassay of the hLH present in the major fractions of the pH region 7.0-9.0, significantly higher B/I ratios were obtained than with the use of the highly purified standard (68/40). These elevated B/I ratios are attributed to the presence in the impure standard preparations of immunological activity, which is associated with little or no biological activity. These observations may provide an explanation for the differences in B/I ratios which were reported for hLH in plasma, using different standard preparations.

Biological Assay↗