Remarks at the opening of the new university hospital, University of Alabama Hospitals, Birmingham, Alabama.
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University hospitals and affiliated teaching hospitals have been operating in Chile for many years. A critical analysis of advantages and disadvantages of these institutions is necessary including a standardized national examination of graduates trained in each kind.
BACKGROUND: In Western nations the effect of ECT has been re-evaluated since the 1970s, while reports on ECT are few in Japan. METHODS: The sample included 3,067 patients admitted to Tokushima University Hospital between 1975 and 1997. Hospital charts were reviewed retrospectively for ECT. RESULTS: ECT was carried out on 6.03% of all subjects; 11.97% of patients with schizophrenia, 4.88% with manic depressive psychosis, 7.44% with atypical psychosis and 3.27% with psychogenic reactions. The remission rate from ECT was 68.11% of all subjects; 59.85% with schizophrenia, 100% with manic depressive psychosis, 100% with atypical psychosis and 92.0% with psychogenic reactions. Patients averaged 10.26 treatments. ECT had been administered mainly to patients who had responded poorly to pharmacotherapy and to patients who required rapid improvement of life-threatening symptoms. ECT was highly effective for symptoms as excitement, suicidal tendencies and stupor. Side effects were claimed by 36.77% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: ECT is suggested to be a useful therapeutic modality in current psychiatric practice.