Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Hospitals, Teaching”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

A passion for the mundane, and our medical education and threatened teaching hospitals.

Teaching hospitals, a critical component of medical education and a provider of indigent care, are in crisis. Competition from our own well-trained graduates practicing in sophisticated community hospitals, the rapid development of managed care, federal restructuring of funding, and erosion of our public economic base are important factors. The failure of teaching hospitals is likely to adversely alter medical education and threaten our professional status as doctors and educators as we compete to survive. The problem is identified, but the clear solution is not. My treatise began with the idea that the public recognizes that their teaching hospitals are in crisis. Yet there is some element of public optimism reflected in a Time magazine article that states, "Whatever happens, no one doubts that teaching hospitals will survive." Although neither government nor medicine are widely respected as organized entities, we do have the best medical care system in the world and the most trusted politicians and doctors on an individual basis. We may or may not be able to improve things substantially, but we must try. In spite of difficulties in the process, we will ultimately live up to Sir Winston Churchill's expectations: "The American people will...do the right thing, but only after they have tried everything else."

Education, Medical↗

What impact will the 'conversion' of two district general hospitals into teaching hospitals have? Views from the field.

AIM: To gather opinions from a variety of healthcare professionals in Birmingham and the Black Country as to the potential impact of 'converting' 2 district general hospitals into teaching hospitals. METHODS: Thirty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals including Directors of Public Health, Community Health Council Chief Officers, Trust Chief Executives, medical directors, trust managerial and consultant staff, junior doctors and nurses. Interviewees were asked to outline what they felt the major impacts of the 'conversion' to teaching status were likely to be. RESULTS: Five main thematic areas were identified from the interviews. Three of these related to the medical students receiving their clinical training in the new teaching hospitals, the teachers undertaking new or additional teaching duties and the patients being treated in the new teaching settings. Interviewees also identified several organisational effects relating to the new, established and non-teaching hospitals in the locality and discussed potential impacts outside of health care settings. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of views expressed by participants were positive citing potential benefits from developments in teaching provision. Areas of concern generally related to the need for successful implementation of the changes within clinically focused environments rather than to the effects of teaching per se. The impacts consequent to the reconfiguration of district general hospitals to teaching hospitals should be evaluated by appropriately designed longitudinal studies.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Comparing teaching and non-teaching hospitals: a frontier approach (teaching vs. non-teaching hospitals).

This paper compares teaching and non-teaching hospitals in terms of their provision of patient services. We proceed by comparing the frontiers of the teaching and non-teaching hospitals using a data envelopment (DEA) type approach, which we apply to a sample of 236 teaching hospitals and 556 non-teaching hospitals operating in the US in 1994. Our results suggest that only about 10% of the teaching hospitals can effectively "compete" with non-teaching hospitals based on the provision of patient services.

Data Collection↗

Analysis on antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacteria isolated from county hospitals and a teaching hospital.

The distinction of antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacteria isolated from county hospitals and a teaching hospital was investigated. Disc diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial resistance of isolates collected from county hospitals and a teaching hospital. The data was analyzed by WHONET5 and SPSS statistic software. A total of 655 strains and 1682 strains were collected from county hospitals and a teaching hospital, respectively, in the year of 2003. The top ten pathogens were Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), E. coli, Klebsiella spp., S. areus, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., otherwise Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. in county hospitals and Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., X. maltophilia in the teaching hospital. The prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria was 5% (4/86) of methicillin-resistant S. areus (MRSA), 12% (16/133) and 15.8% (9/57) of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing strains of E. coli and Klebsiella spp., respectively, in county hospitals. All of the three rates were lower than that in the teaching hospital and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 01). However, the incidence of methicillin-resistant CNS (MRCNS) reached to 70% (109/156) in the two classes of hospitals. Generally, the antimicrobial resistant rates in the county hospitals were lower than those in the teaching hospital, except the resistant rates of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, SMZco which were similar in the two classes of hospitals. There were differences between county hospitals and the teaching hospital in the distribution of clinical isolates and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. It was the basis of rational use of antimicrobial agents to monitor antimicrobial resistance by each hospital.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

[The surgical treatment of nonpalpable breast carcinoma in a university teaching hospital and a general teaching hospital by residents-in-training and surgeons; comparable results].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of the surgical treatment of nonpalpable breast cancer between two teaching hospitals in The Netherlands; the University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU) and the Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (RHA). DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: A total of 240 patients from the UMCU (n = 126) and the RHA (n = 114) diagnosed with a malignancy at stereotactic histological needle biopsy from 1 February 1997-31 May 2002 were included. The average age of the patients at the RHA was 61.3 and at the UMCU 58.0 years. The total number of procedures was recorded, as well as the type of operation and whether the first surgeon was a resident-in-training or registered as a surgeon. RESULTS: Of the 240 patients, biopsy results showed that 163 had invasive carcinoma (IC) and 77 had a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In 74% of cases one operation was sufficient (79% in the RHA versus 69% in the UMCU; p = 0.08). In the RHA fewer operations per patient were carried out before radical resection was attained (1.25 versus 1.4; p = 0.02). IC was more often treated by breast conserving surgery in the RHA than in the UMCU (74% versus 55%; p = 0.01). The intention to treat DCIS by breast conserving surgery was more often seen in the UMCU than in the RHA (90% versus 69%; p = 0.02). Of all operations analysed in the RHA 48% were performed by a resident-in-training as first surgeon versus 87% in the UMCU (p < 0.001). In those patients whose first operation was carried out by a resident-in-training, the percentages of 'radical resections' were equal: 78% in the RHA and 77% in the UMCU. CONCLUSION: Outcomes of surgical treatment were comparable in both types of teaching hospital. Good results were achieved in nonpalpable breast cancer surgery that was carried out by residents-in-training.

Biopsy, Needle↗

Hospital teaching status and outcomes of complex surgical procedures in the United States.

HYPOTHESIS: Complex operations performed in teaching hospitals have similar outcomes as those performed in nonteaching hospitals. DESIGN: Observational cohort study with clinical patient data obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample data were linked to the American Hospital Association hospital survey data for 1997 to determine hospital characteristics. Hospitals were considered high volume if they performed more than the median (50th percentile) number of procedures per year. SETTING: Nationally representative sample of hospitals during 1996 and 1997. PATIENTS: Individuals undergoing esophageal resection (n = 1247), hepatic resection (n = 2073), or pancreatic resection (n = 3337) in Nationwide Inpatient Sample hospitals during 1996 and 1997 were included. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Unadjusted and adjusted in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay (>75th percentile). RESULTS: None of the procedures had higher operative mortality rates at teaching hospitals. In unadjusted analyses, pancreatic resection (4.0% vs 8.8%; P<.001), hepatic resection (5.3% vs 8.0%; P =.03), and esophageal resection (7.7% vs 10.2%; P =.10) had lower operative mortality rates at teaching compared with nonteaching hospitals. However, after adjusting for hospital volume in the multivariate analysis, hospital teaching status was no longer a predictor of operative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Teaching hospitals have lower operative mortality rates for complex surgical procedures. However, the lower mortality rates at teaching hospitals can be explained by higher procedural volume.

Adult↗

Comparison of initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a community hospital versus a teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the initiation of laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a community hospital versus a tertiary-care teaching hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTINGS: A general community hospital in Prince George, BC, and a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Vancouver. PATIENTS: One hundred and eighty-two patients in the community hospital and 318 patients in the tertiary-care centre. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preparation of surgeons for the new technique, complication rates, operating time, conversion rates to open cholecystectomy and duration of hospitalization. RESULTS: All community surgeons took didactic and laboratory courses in preparation for the new procedure and assisted each other for their first 10 cases, but surgeons at the teaching hospital had more varied preparation that included additional extensive laboratory work and preceptorships with surgeons experienced with the procedure. The rates of major complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were 6.5% at the community hospital compared with 5% at the tertiary-care centre. The rates of minor complications were 5.5% at community hospital and 5.3% at the tertiary-care centre. The rates of conversion to open cholecystectomy were 6.6% for the community hospital versus 4.7% for teaching hospital. The mean (and standard deviation) operating time was shorter at the community hospital than at the teaching hospital: 72.3 (30) minutes versus 106 (32) minutes (p < 0.0001). The mean (SD) length of stay was 2.5 (1.8) days at the community hospital and 3.4 (1.9) days at the teaching hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy during a 2-year period was achieved safely at both hospitals. The complication rates were similar. The length of stay and operating times were shorter in the community hospital.

Adult↗

Healthcare's crown jewels. A looming 15% reduction in Medicare payments could tarnish the financial viability of teaching hospitals, studies say. Others, however, say they'll keep shining despite the scheduled cuts.

Though saddled with higher costs than other hospitals, teaching hospitals reap plump margins on Medicare. But that could change this fall. A volley of studies say a looming 15% cut in indirect medical education payments and disproportionate-share payments could threaten the financial viability of healthcare's crown jewels unless Congress reverses current law.

Education, Medical↗

Surgical and anesthesiological procedures and patients outcome in a major teaching hospital, in a major non-teaching hospital and in a minor hospital.

AIM: This study was carried out to evaluate the outcome of patients in different hospitals with the aim to plan future structural and management changes. METHODS: All the anaesthesiological and surgical procedures were observed for a 2 weeks period in a major teaching hospital (A), in a major nonteaching hospital (B) and in a minor nonteaching hospital (C) in all the patients requiring anaesthesia. The main and the co-existing diseases and the surgical and anaesthesiological treatments they received were evaluated to determine the outcome. The ASA class, the duration of the procedure, the length of staying in hospital, the transfusions of blood or derivatives, the adverse events for each patient were also observed. RESULTS: The results showed that the patients admitted to the teaching hospital were classified in higher ASA risk classes and had surgery of longer duration, with a higher ratio of major surgery. The outcome was satisfactory in all the 3 hospitals, with a 2 days length of stay respectively in 30% (A and B) and 50% (C) of the patients. The rate of mortality was low: only 3 patients in hospital A and no patient in B and C died in a period of 2 days following surgery. Hospitals B and C showed a large use of modern techniques such as autologous blood transfusion and central and peripheral anaesthetic blocks, with a better cost-benefit ratio than the major teaching hospital. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed good results, but it should be repeated in a few years in order to evaluate any change and possible improvement in the management and outcome of the patients.

Adult↗

A four-cell typology to measure hospital teaching status.

Hospital participation in graduate medical education is of increasing interest in the health policy arena because of its financial and behavioral implications for hospitals. In this attempt to create a more refined method of measuring hospital teaching status, a four-cell classification, or typology, of all nonfederal short-term general teaching hospitals was developed from 11 descriptors of educational output. This typology proved to be both effective in distinguishing different types of teaching institutions and useful in analyzing interhospital variation in scope of services, case mix, and cost.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗

[Appropriateness of hospitalization in the teaching hospital of Chieti using the P.R.U.O. approach].

This study describes the results of a research carried out to evaluate inappropriate admissions and totally inappropriate hospitalizations (RTI) in the teaching hospital "SS. Annunziata" of Chieti using the 1999 version of the PRUO manual. A random sample of 1218 medical charts, drawn from all the medical charts of patients admitted from June to December 2000 in the units of Medicine, Surgery and Orthopaedics, was selected. The percentage of inappropriate admissions was 38.2%, while totally inappropriate hospitalizations were 18.1%. The highest percentage of inappropriate admissions was in the class of age 55-64 years. Moreover, inappropriate admissions were more frequent in the morning hours (7:00-12:59) and, within the week, on Monday. The first reason of inappropriateness of the admission, was the execution of diagnostic examinations (62.2%), followed by the execution of medical therapy (19.3%) and waiting of surgical intervention (13.4%). Short hospitalizations (2-3 days) are more frequently totally inappropriate as compared to longer hospitalizations. These findings suggest that a system for the assessment of appropriateness of hospitalizations should be established in the Abruzzo region including all accredited public and private hospitals.

Aged↗

One strategy for controlling costs in university teaching hospitals.

Major teaching hospitals, because they treat a more complex mix of patients than do nonteaching hospitals, usually show higher costs per patient day or per case. As a result, teaching hospitals are particularly vulnerable to the decisions of those cost control and planning agencies that are unable or unwilling to treat the problem of case mix. Research at Yale University reported here demonstrates the effect of case mix on costs. A methodology is outlined that can be used by teaching hospitals in determining their costs of treating patients with a complex mix of diagnoses. It is not held that case mix alone explains all of the cost differences between teaching and nonteaching hospitals; but until that factor is isolated and identified, the other contributors to cost variation cannot be examined.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗

The Medical Polyclinic: an approach to conflicting needs in a teaching hospital.

University teaching hospitals have become increasingly aware of their responsibility to improve both the teaching of ambulatory care and the quality of care provided in their clinics. This paper describes how one department of medicine met this challenge by forming a "Medical Polyclinic." The majority of the department's faculty and house staff, at all academic and training levels, participate in a system of ambulatory care with the following objectives: each patient has a single physician whom he sees by appointment and who coordinates his care; all medical subspecialties are available in the same clinic session; the clinic is attractive and efficient. While these goals are not infrequently met in private group practices, they are unusual in a university teaching hospital, where faculty, house staff, students, and patients each have unique needs, not always compatible. The success and problems of the polyclinic approach are discussed.

Ambulatory Care↗

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital: a retrospective histopathologic study.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to determine prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital. METHODOLOGY: Endoscopic antral biopsies from January 1, 2004 to August 31, 2005 were studied retrospectively. Hematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa stained histological sections were examined. RESULTS: Out of 224 patients (Male 125 and female 99) who underwent endoscopic biopsy and included in the study, a total of 76 (33.9%) patients (Male 50 and female 26) were infected by H. pylori. The mean age of the H. pylori infected patients was 40.2 years (SD 16.0). The infection by H. pylori was significantly higher in males than females (p<0.05) with male to female ratio of 1.9:1. The most common (31.3%) histopathologic finding was chronic superficial gastritis followed by normal histology (30.8%). A total of 10 cases (4.5%) of adenocarcinoma and 16 cases (7.1%) of intestinal metaplasia were detected and neither of them showed presence of H. pylori. Two cases (0.9%) were diagnosed as suspected malignancy and both were negative for H. pylori infection. Among gastritis, H. pylori was most frequently observed in chronic active gastritis (86.1%). Two of 69 cases (2.9%) of normal gastric mucosa showed H. pylori.

Adolescent↗

A hospital-based study of bloodstream infections in febrile patients in Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, Nepal.

The etiology of bloodstream infections in febrile patients remain poorly characterized in Nepal. A retrospective study of febrile patients presenting to Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital from July 2002 to June 2004 was performed to evaluate the etiology of bloodstream infections and the drug sensitivity patterns of cultured organisms. The medical and laboratory records of all febrile patients with an axillary temperature > or = 38 degrees C who had a blood culture taken (n = 1,774) were retrieved and analyzed. Of these, 122 (6.9%) patients had positive blood cultures, of which 40.1% were age 11 to 20 years. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Antibiotics had been taken prior to hospital presentation by 39 (32%) patients. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and serovar Paratyphi A were isolated in 50 (41.0%) and 13 (10.7%) cases, respectively. All S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, while susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol was recorded in 94.8% and 94.5% of cases, respectively. Cephalexin and amoxicillin had the lowest rates of susceptibility (64.2% and 54.1%, respectively). Salmonella spp were usually sensitive to chloramphenicol. These findings provide clinicians in this region of Nepal with a better understanding of the spectrum of pathogens causing bloodstream infections and will help guide empiric antibiotic choice.

Adolescent↗

Developing marketing strategies for university teaching hospitals.

University teaching hospitals face increasing competition from community hospitals, expanding regulation of health care, a rising tide of consumerism, and in many cases a declining urban population base. These problems, which may threaten the teaching hospital's ability to continue tertiary care, teaching, and research functions, may be solved with the aid of new marketing strategies. In developing its marketing strategy, a hospital must assess its strengths and weaknesses, specify its goals in measurable terms, implement tactics to achieve these goals, and evaluate its marketing program. The strategies should be directed toward achieving better relationships with institutions, practitioners, and surrounding communities and increasing patient, visitor, and employee satisfaction. A wide variety of programs can be used to reach these goals and to help teaching hospitals meet the competitive challenges of this decade.

Certification↗