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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Occupational hazards to hospital personnel.

Hospital personnel are subject to various occupational hazards. Awareness of these risks, compliance with basic preventive measures, and adequate resources for interventions are essential components of an occupational health program. Physical, chemical, and radiation hazards; important infectious risks; and psychosocial problems prevalent in hospital workers are reviewed. A rational approach to managing and preventing these problems is offered.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

The influence of dissemination of information on the changes of knowledge, attitude and acceptance of hepatitis B vaccination among hospital personnel in Chulalongkorn Hospital.

Lack of knowledge and negative attitudes were the main reasons for refusal, in a vaccination programme against hepatitis B using plasma-derived vaccine which was offered to the hospital personnel of Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok. Therefore, to ascertain whether an educational intervention among hospital personnel is effective in modifying acceptance of the vaccine, a quasi-experimental design (using a before and after approach) was used to compare the knowledge, attitudes and acceptance rate of hepatitis B vaccination among 1,915 hospital personnel. After dissemination of information, knowledge and attitudes improved significantly, and acceptance rates were increased from 56.9% to 77.7% (P < 0.0000). More specific educational efforts should be started before launching vaccination programmes of this kind in order to increase acceptance.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed2004

[An outbreak of rubella among hospital personnel and measures taken against hospital infection--cost-benefits of the measure].

There is no nationwide outbreak of rubella after 1992 in Japan, but a local outbreak remains. Recently, some cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) were reported after a local outbreak. An outbreak of rubella among hospital personnel occurred in our hospital located on Tanegashima Island on March and April 2003 after a visit of one rubella patient. Fifteen employees, including 7 clerks, 6 nurses, one doctor, and one radiologist, experienced rubella. A total of 259 employees in our hospital employees were examined for anti rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with informed consent and recommended to take rubella vaccines. Sixty-seven employees (26%) among 257 examined for tests were found susceptible to rubella, and 53 employees were vaccinated. After vaccination, the outbreak was stamped out immediately. There was no rubella patient infected from employee. Nine among the 15 infected employees had declared to have a history of rubella or rubella vaccines before onsets, suggesting interviews are not reliable. There were many susceptible persons and rubella patients among elderly women and male personnel; therefore, measures are needed for elderly personnel as well as younger employees. In addition, adequate measures should be taken to prevent CRS, because many female personnel capable of pregnancy work in hospitals. The cost of the rubella HI tests and vaccination was approximately yen 200,000 (about dollar 1,600). The absence due to illness per one person was 6 days, and the wage per one day was about yen 12,000 (about dollar 100) on the average. The overall cost required in the outbreak was estimated to be approximate yen 1,400,000 (about dollar 12,000). Considering that an outbreak of rubella causes not only a large amount of expenditure but also loss of hospital income, the investment to prevent a rubella outbreak is quite valuable in the management of a hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hepatitis B vaccine requirements in at-risk hospital personnel: a survey of hospitals in Metropolitan Toronto.

Approximately 50 000 individuals are employed in various hospital-based occupations in Metropolitan Toronto. To determine the proportion of this population that might be considered as first-priority recipients of the new hepatitis B vaccine, a questionnaire was sent to the executive directors of 45 hospitals in this region. The questionnaire requested data on the numbers of full- and part-time employees whose frequency of contact with blood and blood-related equipment was the greatest. The response rate was 89%. Of the 9545 individuals identified as being at risk of exposure to hepatitis B, 5443 (57%) were nonphysicians and 4102 (43%) were physicians. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) positive and linear relation was found between the numbers of personnel at highest risk of exposure and the total number of hospital personnel and type of hospital. Therefore, the potential exists for developing and validating a simple bivariate model that could predict the initial vaccine requirements for hospital-based personnel in Ontario and other provinces.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed1991

Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among hospital personnel in a Nigerian hospital environment.

Among the 395 hospital staff examined during this study, 35.2pc of them were found to carry S. aureus in their anterior nares. The carriage was slightly higher in females (35.8pc) compared with 34.4pc in males, although it was not statistically significant. When the different age groups and professions were considered, the carriage was highest among the age group of 21-30 years and with the Nursing staff, who incidentally, are closest to the patients and had the highest number among the staff members examined. The carrier rate was also significantly higher (P less than 0.05) among staff members who had worked in the hospital for 7-10 months compared with other staff. There was a good correlation (97pc) between coagulase positivity and mannitol fermentation, while Methicillin, Claforan and Gentamycin were found to be very effective against most of the isolates. On re-examination of those staff members who ar closely associated with the patients two years after the initial exercise in 1987, it was evident that a significant number (P less than 0.05) of those carriers of Staph aureus in our hospital are not persistent ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Socioeconomic incidences and prognostic factors of low back pain caused by occupational injuries among the hospital personnel of Grenoble University Hospital Center].

Low back pain is generally believed to be common among hospital employees. This cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out to determine the annual incidence of low back pain ascribable to occupational injuries in hospital employees and to evaluate factors influencing the prognosis of these injuries. In 1989, 70 employees working at the Grenoble Teaching Hospital (GTH) reported an occupational injury responsible for low back pain. Each of these employees filled out an epidemiological questionnaire during a routine evaluation by a rheumatologist. Overall annual incidence of occupational injuries with subsequent low back pain was 1.9% among GTH employees. Higher incidences were seen among employees whose occupations involved patient transfer, as well as among nursing assistants. Activities associated with an increased risk of low back pain included handling of patients or objects and work requiring prolonged periods in uncomfortable positions or in the standing position. A previous history of low back disease and a longer period of time in the current work were also associated with an increased risk of low back pain. Characteristic clinical profiles of patients with low back pain subsequent to occupational injury were determined by occupation and type of hospital department. The analysis of long-duration absence from work and long-term consequences on career confirmed the significant adverse socioeconomic impact of these injuries.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B antibodies in hospital personnel.

Sera from 544 hospital personnel members with different degrees of exposure to the agent of hepatitis B were tested for HB8Ag and anti-HB8 by counterelectrophoresis, radioimmunoassay and passive hemagglutination. The laboratory staff and persons having direct contact with patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of anti-HB8 (16.2%) as compared with the other groups: administrative staff (4.4%), healthy persons (4.6%) and blood donors (7.9%). These data prove the relationship between exposure to HB8Ag and anti-HB8 prevalence, more obvious in the laboratory staff handling human serum and plasma specimens (anti-HB8 incidence--25%).

Antibodies↗
PubMed2003

The accuracy of external blood loss estimation by ambulance and hospital personnel.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if emergency personnel, either ambulance or hospital based, can estimate the volume of external blood loss accurately enough to be of potential clinical use in guiding fluid resuscitation. METHODS: A total of 61 ambulance and 35 hospital personnel viewed nine scenarios consisting of volumes of blood (100 mL, 400 mL and 700 mL) spilt onto three surfaces--carpet, vinyl and a clothed manikin. They were asked to estimate the blood loss in each case. RESULTS: Estimates of volumes of blood loss on all surfaces were generally inaccurate. Both ambulance and hospital groups were comparable in this regard. Hospital personnel had higher mean estimates than those of ambulance personnel. Of particular clinical relevance were the findings that blood loss on carpet was underestimated and small volumes on a clothed manikin were overestimated. CONCLUSION: External blood loss estimation by ambulance and hospital personnel is generally too inaccurate to be of clinical use.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1996

[Seroprevalence of markers of viral hepatitis A, B and C in hospital personnel at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Center].

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate risk of hepatitis A, B and C infection and anti HBV vaccination policy in hospital personnel. METHODS: A sample of 440 health care workers (7.5% of the personnel at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital) representing 74.5% people directly involved in health care and 25.5% other workers were selected at random and stratified by work classification and age. A questionnaire was used to establish personal data on viral hepatitis status and blood samples were drawn for serological tests. RESULTS: Seroprevalence for hepatitis A was 52% with no significant difference between health care and other workers. For hepatitis B, 88.3% of the population had been vaccinated and anti-HBs titre was > or = 10 mIU/ml for 91.6% and > or = 50 mIU/ml for 86.1%. Seroprevalence for anti-HBc was 7% and none of the subjects were positive for HBs antigen. Anti-hepatic C antibodies were found in 2 health care workers (0.7%). CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the need to persue further preventive actions against hepatitis A, B and C and the requirement for continued efforts in elementary hygiene.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Screening for hepatitis C of hospital personnel at the Szent László Hospital of Budapest].

UNLABELLED: The health-care workers are known to be at risk of occupational transmission of blood-borne viruses. The goal of the investigation was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and the occupational risk of HCV transmission among personnel at the Central. Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary. Serum samples of 409 health-care workers were tested for antibody to HCV with second and third generation ELISA-s and anti-HCV positive samples were confirmed with Western Blot Line EIA. A total of 10 (2.4%) of the health-care workers were confirmed to be anti-HCV positive. The prevalence of anti-HCV increased with advancing age: zero under 20 yr age group (N = 0/15), 0.9% in 21-30 yr age group (N = 1/112), 1.8% in 31-40 yr age group (N = 2/111), 3.1% in 41-50 yr age group (N = 3/96) and 4.0% in above 50 yr age group (N = 3/75). We found anti-HCV positive hospital worker in 9 out of 17 departments. The prevalence of hepatitis C antibody was 7.1-1.9% among the personnel of internal departments, pathology, intensive care unit and pediatric departments. No anti-HCV positive health-care worker was found in the surgery and laboratories. None of the physicians tested was seropositive for HCV. Eight of the nurses, one of the sanitary personnel and one pathological technician were seropositive for HCV. Two nurses developed a chronic C hepatitis after a needlestick accident. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The hospital personnel is at risk for HCV infection. 2. The occupational risk of HCV infection increases with age but the risk is considerable lower than that of hepatitis B infection. 3. The occupational risk is highest among the workers of the chronic internal department, pathology and intensive care unit. 4. The nurses are at higher risk of HCV infection than the physicians. 5. The needlestick injury is associated with an increased risk for acquiring HCV infection.

Adult↗