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PubMed1990

Hobbies of retired people in the People's Republic of China: a preliminary study.

This study describes and analyzes the hobbies of over 500 retired individuals (ages fifty to eighty-eight in the People's Republic of China. Data were obtained through questionnaires and compared with the responses of 100 younger people (twenty to thirty-nine years of age). Hobbies of the retired people were classified into five categories: reading, physical exercise, productive, visual-auditory, and recreational. This classification is at variance with the one proposed by some Western writers. The following conclusions were reached: 1) there are significant differences between the hobbies of retired people and those of younger people; 2) reading is the hobby most preferred by the retired person in China; and 3) gender, age, education, and previous occupation are the factors that most influence the retired person's choice of hobbies.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Insect hemoglobins (Chi tI) of the diptera family Chironomidae are relevant environmental, occupational, and hobby-related allergens.

Six hundred and forty-two persons with hobby-related (n = 205), occupational (n = 85), or environmental contact (n = 352) to the midge and larval allergen Chi tI were studied. Frequencies of IgE-mediated sensitization in these selected populations were 36.1%, 24.7%, and 9.6% respectively. Occupationally sensitized subjects who had been heavily exposed showed higher levels of antibodies, were more frequently diagnosed as having bronchial asthma and less frequently as having conjunctivitis, and had a significantly shorter latency period when compared to environmentally exposed people or aquarists. Our results are evidence for a higher risk of sensitization and of bronchial asthma in highly exposed subjects.

Allergens↗

PubMed1976

[Endoscopy, a hobby for specialists--or more?].

In the years between 1958 and 1970, diagnostic endoscopy made decisive advances. In this period, the ground was prepared for operative endoscopy. This applies not only to the technical, but also to the psychological aspects. The fact that formerly hidden structures could now be directly inspected and ""grasped'', spurned the endoscopist to intensive activity. Polypectomy, papillotomy with the removal of gallstones and, increasingly, photocoagulation for the arrest of bleeding, have made in many cases classical surgical operations superfluous. In close cooperation and rapport with the surgeons, the indications for, but also the limitations of, the new procedure are being established. In addition to the more practical aspects, modern endoscopy has also created a bridge to better understanding of biochemical processes in the gastrointestinal tract. The possibility of being able to investigate the effects of newly discovered, analysed and synthesized gastrointestinal hormones has been considerably improved. Endoscopy, formerly considered, more or less, a hobby for a few specialists, has become a sort of intermediary system which is capable of providing excellent diagnostic information, of making possible elegant therapeutic measures and of producing new biochemical information. In this creative function, it is surpassed by virtually no other method. A pre-condition for this development was, however, that the endoscopist was not content to remain merely an observer of interesting views, but was, rather, an active physician, to whom the advantages to the patient of early detection of disease and suitable therapeutic measures were equally important as the useful information obtained on biochemical relationships.

Cholelithiasis↗

PubMed1990