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Results for “Hiv Infections--statistics”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Factors associated with client-reported HIV infection among clients entering methadone treatment.

To determine demographic and behavioral factors associated with client-reported HIV infection among new enrollees in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) in Massachusetts and Connecticut, we examined ethnographic data and interview data from MMTP clients (N = 674). Clients responded to questions about behaviors in the 30 days before drug treatment. ETHNOGRAPH was used to analyze qualitative data, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with client-reported HIV infection. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. The client-reported HIV infection rate was 20% (132/674). Odds ratios for factors associated with client-reported HIV infection were being white (0.53), increase in age (1.07), use of non-injected heroin (0.12), use of injected heroin (6.24), cocaine injection (1.78), sharing of "works" with strangers (2.15), and "safer sex" behavior (4.04). Additionally, 35% of those who did not use illicit drugs reported being seropositive. The qualitative data suggested HIV positive clients were concerned about protecting sex partners, and learning of HIV infection motivated some to stop using drugs. Although some clients engaged in low-risk behaviors, others did not, therefore the potential for HIV transmission among injection drug users (IDUs) in Connecticut and Massachusetts exists. HIV prevention and drug treatment program personnel should reinforce and build on the low-risk behaviors that are acceptable and adopted by some in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of mycobacterial infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and HIV carriers.

Differences in tuberculosis diagnosis between infected and non-infected HIV patients were described. In Barcelona, tuberculosis is present in 41.6% of 851 patients in whom AIDS was detected between 1981 and the first quarter of 1990. We reviewed the results of the methods used for tuberculosis diagnosis in 270 AIDS patients controlled in our hospital, in whom tuberculosis was detected (33.3%), and we compared these data with the results obtained in HIV carriers with tuberculosis and with tuberculous patients without HIV infection. Statistically significant differences were found between the three groups with respect to sex, age, results of Ziehl-Neelsen stain in pulmonary specimens and skin test reaction; between AIDS patients and the non-HIV infected population differences were observed in tuberculosis site. Positive skin test reaction diminished from tuberculous individuals non-HIV infected (95%), to HIV carriers with tuberculosis (71.8%) and AIDS patients with tuberculosis (21.8%). Acid-fast smears from pulmonary specimens were positive in 35.7%, 23.5% and 43.7% respectively. Statistically significant differences were found in tuberculosis localization between tuberculous patients non-HIV infected and tuberculous patients with AIDS, in the last group tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the most frequent localization (33.3%) of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, followed by abdominal tuberculosis (15.5%). The incidence of HIV infection among tuberculous patients was 4.6 in our study, but could be higher if patients between 19 and 30 years old were always checked for anti-HIV antibodies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[Guidelines for the facilitation of wholeness in patients with AIDS: the experience of patients with AIDS: I].

AIDS will be remembered as the illness that was discovered in the 1980s of which the effects of this epidemic were only realised in the 1990s. Statistics show that the number of patients with AIDS increase annually because of the number of patients now diagnosed as HIV infected. Statistics indicate that AIDS has a much wider impact on the community than only homosexuals and drug-dependent people. Much attention is paid currently to the prevention of AIDS, but the problem is vested in the third phase of the HIV infection, namely AIDS. Nurses will be more and more exposed to the patient with AIDS and she can make a valuable contribution to facilitating the quest to wholeness of the patient with AIDS. This research was aimed at exploring and describing the experiences of the patient with AIDS and to lay down guidelines for the nurse and the psychiatric nurse specialist as consultant to facilitate the quest for wholeness of the patient with AIDS. A exploratory, descriptive contextual study was done with the aim of achieving insight into the experiences of the patient with AIDS, by way of a specific convenience test sample, five patients who complied with the set criteria were included in the research. The application possibilities of this research are generally set out as regards practice, research and teaching, and also as specific guidelines for the nurse treating the patient with AIDS. By following the guidelines set out in this research, the nurse can facilitate the patient's quest for wholeness.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

The relation between beliefs about drug treatments for HIV and sexual risk behavior in gay and bisexual men.

This study examined the relation between gay and bisexual men's (N = 575) beliefs about highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and other HIV-related beliefs, intentions, and risk behaviors. Confirmatory factor analysis verified three belief factors: the extent to which HAART improves health among HIV-infected individuals, decreases the risk of HIV transmission, and is complicated and of limited efficacy. Men who endorsed the belief that HAART decreases HIV transmission risk expressed lower intentions to use condoms for anal sex and were more likely to have engaged in unprotected anal intercourse with a casual partner HIV-negative men who believed that HAART decreases transmission risk also perceived themselves to be more susceptible to HIV infection. Statistical evidence indicated that perceptions of susceptibility partially mediate the relation between sexual risk behavior and beliefs about HAART suggesting that beliefs may result from, rather than cause, increased risk behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of a HIV/AIDS education program for adolescents.

The adolescent population has recently been recognized as one of the groups at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Statistics are beginning to document the extent of this trend. This study is aimed at determining adolescent sexual behaviors and the efficacy of a medical student-run acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) education program. Medical students taught 2,169 high school students in the St. Louis area with a pre- and post- intervention questionnaire administered to record levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual practices. Data revealed that 56.4% of the respondents were sexually active with 70.4% having multiple partners and 61.0% admitting to unprotected sex. These students demonstrated a significant increase in their knowledge about HIV infection after the educational program. The results show that, adolescents are sexually active and more importantly, they are practicing behaviors that put them at risk for HIV/AIDS, a risk which they recognize. Finally, the educational intervention did increase students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS. This may not translate into a change in behaviors, but it is a first step.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Association of hepatic veno-occlusive disease with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

AIMS: Observation of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and veno-occlusive disease (VOD) at autopsy prompted us to review the liver pathology of autopsied patients with human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) to determine the frequency of occurrence of VOD and the circumstances in which it arose. METHODS: the patients studied had been autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, a referral center, between April 1981 and July 1993. We reviewed 275 adult HIV/AIDS patients autopsied with liver slides available for evaluation. Twenty cases fulfilled the pathologic criteria for VOD, central vein obliteration and sclerosis, sinusoidal congestion and fibrosis, and perivenular hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. The autopsy cases were compared for age, race, gender, duration of HIV infection, and risk factor for the acquisition of HIV infection. The clinical and pathologic features of the 20 cases with VOD were reviewed. RESULTS: of the 275 HIV/AIDS patients, 20 (7.3%) had VOD. The average age was 41 yr (range 30-58) and most cases were black males (15 black, 5 white, and 18 male). The duration of HIV infection ranged from 6 mo to 8 yr (mean, 19 mo). The risk factor for acquiring HIV infection was primarily intravenous drug abuse (12 of 20, 60%). Six patients had homosexual or bisexual contacts, and two had other or unknown risk factors. In contrast, among the total of 275 HIV/AIDS autopsied patients reviewed, only 72 (26%) reported intravenous drug abuse whereas 157 (57%) individuals listed homosexual or bisexual contacts as a risk for developing HIV infection. Forty-six patients (17%) had other or unknown means of HIV infection. Statistical analysis by risk factor showed that intravenous drug abuse was statistically significant as a predictor for the development of VOD in an HIV/AIDS patient (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: VOD of the liver can be seen in patients with HIV/AIDS and is associated with intravenous drug abuse.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Provisional country estimates of prevalent adult human immunodeficiency virus infections as of end 1994: a description of the methods.

BACKGROUND: A country-by-country review of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) data was undertaken by the World Health Organization. This paper describes the methods used to make estimates of HIV prevalence. RESULTS: It is estimated that, globally, approximately 16.9 million adults were living with HIV infections at the end of 1994. The majority (66%) of the infections were in sub-Saharan Africa (over 11000000), followed by South and South East Asia (over 3000000). Estimated prevalence rates for HIV infection ranged from less than 1 per 100000 sexually active adult population to 18 per 100 (18%), with a median prevalence of 14 per 10000. In 50 countries the estimated HIV prevalence rate was less than 5 per 10000 sexually active adults. In 15 countries (all in sub-Saharan Africa) the prevalence rate was above 5%. The lowest estimated prevalence rates were seen in Central and East Asia and the highest in Central and Southern Africa. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates of prevalent HIV infections are intended to give an indication of the magnitude of the HIV pandemic but, due to the difficulties in accurately assessing the levels of HIV infections in national populations, should be considered provisional.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

HIV in Namibia.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

[Methadone substitution treatment. Results of an evaluation of 3 years implementation in an Austrian province].

Methadone maintenance treatment was introduced in Austria in 1987. The organisation of a methadone maintenance program in Upper Austria is described and the results of a follow up study 3 years after start of the program are presented. As positive effects of methadone treatment could be found an increase of time in work, a decrease of delinquency and a good compliance of HIV-positive patients with monitoring and treatment of their infection. Statistical correlations between social items and different outcome criteria are discussed.

Adult↗