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Results for “Historical Survey”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Suicide and social response in Fiji: a historical survey.

A historical review of suicide in Fiji shows that rates for people of Indian descent have always been higher than those of other groups, yet until now this phenomenon has attracted little official or public attention. Recent changes in the incidence and methods of suicide have led to the introduction of some preventive measures, but the emphasis has been on eliminating some of the methods rather than the reasons for suicide. The continuing high incidence of suicide by hanging involving some sectors of society appears to have been overlooked. Possible causes of this apparent lack of interest are examined, such as the low status historically of Indian immigrants and concepts held about them by other groups in Fiji, and the "invisibility" of groups of people such as rural women and the aged.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Anatomy of the prostate: an historical survey of divergent views.

Historically, the study of the prostate anatomy has been characterized by a proliferation of contradictory findings. The major divergent views of prostate anatomy are here reviewed and compared in order to facilitate further study and the ultimate selection of the best anatomical model. The details of Lowsley's original concept of the prostate lobes and the subsequent evolution of this concept into several contradictory hypotheses are traced. Discrepancies between the findings of Lowsley, Franks, and McNeal are explained. Conclusions are drawn which may facilitate the further study of anatomy and disease in both the human animal prostate.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Misperceptions in preparing for biological attack: an historical survey.

Preparing for a biological attack involves analysing and co-ordinating information and events in the scientific, political and social arenas. The information that must be evaluated is, by definition, incomplete. It is not surprising that such interactions have regularly resulted in erroneous conclusions and flawed interventions. This historical survey examines instances where significant errors have occurred. The author describes several examples in each of three broad categories: misapprehensions of the risk of biological attack; misappraisals of an anomalous event as a biological attack; and misadventures in pre-emptive action to protect against a biological attack. The study identifies significant common elements in each of these errors that may be useful in avoiding future mistakes. In evaluating the effects of these errors, the study concludes that such mistakes often increase the dangers that they seek to avoid.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A historical survey of police suicide in Queensland, Australia, 1843-1992.

Police suicide research has yielded inconsistent results. An opportunity presented to survey Queensland police suicides in a historical context and add to the existing literature; the study describes changes in police suicide over time, the associated characteristics, and opportunities for intervention. Suicides were examined from the origins of police in Queensland in 1843 up to 1992. Suicide rates were higher earlier, around 60 per 100,000, declining to around 20 per 100,000 recently. The recent rate is lower than most other police studies but the same as the general community (employed). Most suicides were associated with psychological and physical ill health, alcohol abuse, and domestic problems, in keeping with general community surveys. However, occupational problems were more evident than is generally the case. The proximity in time of disciplinary events and suicides was striking. Future studies should explore the interactions between these factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Race, medicine, and health care in the United States: a historical survey.

Racism in medicine, a problem with roots over 2,500 years old, is a historical continuum that continuously affects African-American health and the way they receive healthcare. Racism is, at least in part, responsible for the fact African Americans, since arriving as slaves, have had the worst health care, the worst health status, and the worst health outcome of any racial or ethnic group in the U.S. Many famous doctors, philosophers, and scientists of each historical era were involved in creating and perpetuating racial inferiority mythology and stereotypes. Such theories were routinely taught in U.S. medical schools in the 18th, 19th, and first half of the 20th centuries. The conceptualization of race moved from the biological to the sociological sphere with the march of science. The atmosphere created by racial inferiority theories and stereotypes, 246 years of black chattel slavery, along with biased educational processes, almost inevitably led to medical and scientific abuse, unethical experimentation, and overutilization of African-Americans as subjects for teaching and training purposes.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Historical survey. The concept of a sensorimotor cortex: its later history during the twentieth century.

This paper continues the historical review on the concept of a sensorimotor cortex into the twentieth century. Paul Flechsig was probably the first to accept this concept after the turn of the century. Like Munk, he believed in an almost reflex-like unity between cortical sensory and motor function. With the help of his myelogenetic technique, Flechsig also demonstrated convincingly in the human brain that the two Rolandic convolutions receive a separate influx of thalamic afferents. Had this finding met with more attention, much experimental work by some of the distinguished later investigators might have proved to be unnecessary. Research has now reached a state when an early plausible explanation of the problem may be confidently expected.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Historical survey of wound healing.

The response of living tissues to injury forms the foundation of all surgical practices. Indeed, from the historical point of view, tissue injury or Vrana or wound and its sequelae have participated in cure of most of the general medical problems from the days of Susruta till date. The earlier medical literatures extensively considered wound care as based on instinctive remedies but on the other hand, the present concepts cogitate healing of wound based on visual observations. Basic perception of wound healing only in its interpretation, which has varied from civilization to civilization. There are various methods for treating of wounds and have since been passed over by ancient humans to today's modern surgeons. Therefore, it is very essential to know the historical aspects of Vrana and its Ropana since the beginning of the tear of medicine as compare to wound and it's healing from the modern point of view. On the basis of above said facts an attempt has been made to explore the historical background of and healing in present paper.

History, 16th Century↗