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Results for “Higher Nervous Activity”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electroencephalographic characteristics in animals with different typologic characteristics of their higher nervous activity].

Manifestation of typological characteristics of higher nervous activity in EEG energo-(amplitude-) frequency parameters were studied in chronic experiments on cats in a state of rest. EEG Of the animals of a strong nervous system type were characterized by a comparatively steady prevalence of alpha-activity and a stable relationship between the summary energy parameters of the basic frequencies. The brain electrical activity of cats with a weak type of higher nervous activity was in some cases characterized by instability of the general pattern: the summary parameter of each rhythm often changed, while at different intervals of time any of them could be recorded as predominant; in other cases slow waves were steadily prominent, and the summary energy of alpha-activity was low.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The contribution of Academician L. A. Orbeli to the theory of higher nervous activity].

In the paper are discussed the main directions of the investigation of the higher nervous activity, fruitfully developed by academician L. A. Orbeli and his school. These directions are the following: the evolutionary approach, the study of the influence of the sympathetic nervous and endocrine systems, of the role of the extracortical brain structures, especially the hypothalamus and the cerebellum, and the significance of pain and efferent systems for the higher nervous activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of different anamnesis during ontogeny on higher nervous activity in rats.

The consequences of malnutrition, experimental experience and sensory deprivation during early postnatal life were investigated in adult rats. The higher nervous activity of experimental animals was evaluated by means of a battery of tests (exploratory activity, avoidance reaction, preference of a small chamber and a water maze). Rats were divided into 5 groups, i. e. control, trained (with previous experimental experience), light deprived, malnourished naive (12-14 animals in the litter) and malnourished trained. From experimental data obtained it may be concluded that the level of nutrition as well as sensory deprivation or additional stimulation during development are important factors the influence of which persists and modifies the somatic development and the higher nervous activity in adult animals. Light deprived and malnourished rats showed retarded somatic development and worse parameters of higher nervous activity. The difference between groups could be altered by augmented stimulation. Previous experimental experience and intensive handling seems to be an important factor which influences the higher nervous activity of experimental animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The comparative action of relanium and oxytocin on higher nervous activity in lower monkeys].

Effects of relanium and oxytocin on higher nervous activity was studied in four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and two baboons (Papio hamadryas). During observation of the animals in enclosure tranquilizing effect was seen only after relanium administration. Under the same conditions oxytocin practically did not change the general behaviour pattern of monkeys. However, steady behavioural transformations were observed under the conditions of competitive food-procuring behaviour and during the operant goal-directed reaction. Decreasing aggressiveness of dominants oxytocin in contrast to relanium had no negative effect upon their general motor activity and sensory perception. Differences in effects of the tranquilizer and the peptide were seen also at the unit activity level of the neurons. The first drug lowered the unit activity level and the degree of the functional connections in neuronal populations in a number of cortical structures. Administration of the second one led to selective shifts of the unit activity mainly in the frontal cortex of the monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Feedback and the typological characteristics of higher nervous activity].

Apparatus of the theory of automatic regulation and control systems is applied for explanation of typological characteristics of the higher nervous activity. On the basis of the analysis of activity of four types of automatic control systems a hypothesis is suggested that these characteristics are connected with organization of the feedback in the functional system, and analogies drawn between the types of the higher nervous activity and types of automatic systems.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative pathology of higher nervous activity].

In experiments with defensive behaviour, using multiparametric recording of indices, studies have been made on the origin and development of pathological disturbances in the higher nervous activity of insectivores, carnivores and primates during presentation of difficult conditioned reflex problems or extreme stimulation. It was found that elaboration of absolute differentiation retarded conditioned reactions with a delay of 25 s in insectivores is a difficult task which results in pathological changes in the higher nervous activity. In hedgehogs, neurotic changes are immediate, all the investigated indices being affected. In carnivores, especially in primates, the onset of evident pathological changes is preceded by a long preneurotic period, i.e. a stage of self-regulation. In pathological process, more corticalized forms of the nervous activity are initially involved. Common features and differences in the development of pathological changes in the higher nervous activity among mammals are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex in rats during learning and in disorders of higher nervous activity].

The results are outlined of a complex study of the ultrastructure of the rat cerebral cortex after learning and higher nervous activity disturbance. In the case of learning with preliminary stimulation with al-amphetamine or without it, the subcortical processes in the motor and auditory analysers of the cerebral cortex are characterized by sharp structural-functional activation of the apparatus of energy supply, of protein synthesis and of the synaptic zones. The length of the synaptic active zones increases, and extensive development of spine apparatuses is recorded in the postsynaptic area in the form of intricate membrane complexes. Quite the contrary, in cases of higher nervous activity disturbances, destruction of the organelles and desintegration of spine apparatuses is clearly pronounced. The question of the role of the latter in the memory processes is discussed.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of higher nervous activity in young children, cholesterol metabolism and state of the adrenal cortex].

The relationship was established between cholesterol metabolism, adrenocortical function and the typological features of the higher nervous activity in children. Cholesterol metabolism was found to correlate with the type of the higher nervous activity. The children with deficient force and mobility of the nervous processes showed a decrease of glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex, proneness to an elevation of the cholesterol level in blood serum and delay of its excretion with feces. This dictates the necessity of developing special diets for the group of children under consideration.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The type of higher nervous activity in twins].

Exmination of twelve pairs of monozygote (MT) and dizygote (DT) twins and their control groups revealed an identity of the higher nervous activity type and a high positive intrapair and group correlation of typological parameters in MT (0.42); a predominantly different typological classification and a lower correlation in DT (0.33); a low correlation in the control group No. 1 and mere traces of general positive correlation in group No. 2 (0.07) and No. 3. The data point to the considerable genetic dependence of the higher nervous activity type; they also serve as a verification of the method used.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Patterns in the ontogenetic development of certain forms of higher nervous activity in rhesus macaques].

Studies have been made on ontogenetic development of simple and complex behavioural forms, realization of certain sequence of motor feeding conditioned reflexes, visual differentiation of signals, short-term memory and probability prediction in rhesus monkeys. Evolutionary features of ontogenetic development of some of the forms of the higher nervous activity were revealed. Both similarities and differences were noted in animals from three age groups. In ontogenesis of lower monkeys, the development of the main nervous processes of the higher nervous activity (learning, memory, etc.) takes place gradually depending on the age of a baby and the level of integrative activity of the brain.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of hormone-induced stress and high altitude on the higher nervous activity of rats].

The hormonally induced stresses have been studied for their effect on higher nervous activity (HNA) of rats under conditions of low-(1760 m above the sea level) and highland (3200 m above the sea level). Hydrocortisone-induced stress (HIS) in mountains decreases to an optimal degree the latent period (LP) of conditioned reflex of active avoidance (CRAA) and strengthens differentiating inhibition (DI). In mountains and on plain it impedes appearance of extinctive inhibition (EI). DOCA-induced stress (DIS) has the same effect though in the emergency period of adaptation it sharply (unlike GIS) increases the number of cases of CRAA amnesia manifestation and prolongs their LP. ACTH-induced stress (AIS) makes the appearance of amnesia cases more frequent and prolongs LP of realized CRAA, unlike DIS, over all the periods of Alpine adaptation. However, DI strengthens, while EI is hindered irrespective of the altitude level. Injection stress in mountains occurs with deviations of HNA; the number of cases of the CRAA amnesia increases as well as differentiation disinhibition. DI fails rapidly being tested for strength. Adaptation of intact rats to highland occurs faithfully without essential changes of LP but with impeded development of EI.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1988

[Arterial hypertension in dogs in a state of experimental informational pathology of higher nervous activity].

A stable arterial hypertension was obtained in dogs by means of experimental pathology of higher nervous activity (behavior) produced with a prolonged work of the brain in conditions of unfavourably combined triad of factors: large volume of information to be processed and assimilated, the factor of time set for such brain work, and a high level of behavioral motivation. Three types of arterial hypertension were revealed to correlate with the changes in behaviour. One form of this behaviour is the self-regulatory activity reflecting the defense mechanisms of the brain. A high degree of self-regulatory behaviour was found to increase the stability of the organism in arterial hypertension, whereas weakening of the behavioral self-regulation favoured the occurrence and development of the hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of streptomycin sulfate on the process of higher nervous activity recovery in dogs in the postanesthesia period].

The effect of streptomycin on recovery of the higher nervous activity during the postanesthesia period was studied on 3 dogs with the method of the conditioned reflexes. It was found that streptomycin sulphate administered in a dose of 25 mg per 1 kg body weight induced no changes in the conditioned reflexes of the non-anesthetized animals. After ether anesthesia disorders in the conditioned and unconditioned reflexes, as well as differentiation was observed during the postanesthesia period. On an average they normalized in 7, 6 and 2 days respectively from the moment of anesthesia. When streptomycin sulphate was used during the post anesthesia period, both the strength and the character of the disorders in the conditioned reflexes changed. In this case recovery of the conditioned and unconditioned reflexes was registered in 2 days, while that of the differential inhibition was registered in 3--7 days from the moment of anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Higher nervous activity of rats at early periods after the end of flight in the biosatellite "Cosmos-605"].

Functional changes of higher nervous activity were found in the rats after a 22-day flight in the biosatellite "Cosmos-605". The ability to retain and restore the habit of searching food in the maze deteriorated. The number of refusals to go through the maze increased with an enhancement of the functional load on the central nervous system. This resulted not only from reduced alimentary excitability or muscular weakness developed during the flight, but also from a weakening of the basic nervous processes in the higher parts of the central nervous system.

Animals↗