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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Apocrine cystadenoma, apocrine hidrocystoma, and eccrine hidrocystoma: three distinct tumors defined by expression of keratins and human milk fat globulin 1.

Eccrine hidrocystomas and apocrine cystadenomas are morphologically related cystic sweat gland tumors. To elucidate their cellular differentiation we examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of keratins and of human milk fat globulin 1 in 12 of each of these tumors, diagnosed using established conventional histological criteria. All tumors diagnosed as apocrine cystadenomas by these criteria were characterized by a keratin pattern of secretory type. In addition, they expressed human milk fat globulin 1. Tumors diagnosed as eccrine hidrocystomas expressed a keratin pattern of excretory type. A part of the tumors with an excretory keratin pattern expressed human milk fat globulin, while others did not. Some presumed eccrine hidrocystomas expressed the very same antigens as apocrine cystadenomas. Thus, our study reveals three distinct types of tumors, in contrast to the conventional distinction of only eccrine hidrocystomas and apocrine cystadenomas. Apocrine cystadenomas differentiate towards the secretory coil of apocrine sweat glands. Presumed eccrine hidrocystomas may represent cystic tumors of the eccrine sweat duct, or they may represent cystic tumors of the apocrine duct. Thus, the name hidrocystoma should be used without further specification of an eccrine or apocrine nature, unless certainty is reached by immunohistochemical characterization. Also, hidrocystomas often prove to be histologically misdiagnosed apocrine cystadenomas because of a flattened cyst wall secondary to increased intraluminal pressure.

Apocrine Glands↗
PubMed2003

Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas: a new therapeutic option with botulinum toxin.

BACKGROUND: Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic lesions that are associated with a chronic course and seasonal variability. Even though in the literature it is presented as a very infrequent pathology, we think this is more a lack of knowledge of the existence of said pathology and the fact that patients confuse it with comedo. OBJECTIVE: To treat multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of the face. RESULTS: We present a case of multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of the face in a cook man. Hidrocystoma is a benign cystic tumor of the sweat glands eccrine or apocrine. Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic lesions that are associated with a chronic course and seasonal variability. They appear like multiple shining small papule. Although a solitary eccrine hidrocystoma can be treated easily with surgical excision, the elimination of multiple lesions is problematic because of their number and location. CONCLUSION: The benefits of BTX-A treatment for multiple eccrine hidrocystomas include ease of application, no risk of scarring, and a good postoperative course. Because of the blockage produced by BTX-A on cholinergic terminals of the parasympathetic system that governs sweat glands secretion, it is suggested that periodic doses of BTX-A are injected in the superficial epidermis in order to treat multiple eccrine hidrocystomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

S-100 protein-positive cells in hidrocystomas.

The histogenesis of hidrocystomas was examined by the use of immunostaining for S-100 protein. In normal sweat glands, S-100 protein was found exclusively in the secretory cells of eccrine glands, whereas this protein was not present in the other parts of eccrine glands or at any levels of the structure of apocrine glands. On the bases of this immunostaining pattern in normal sweat glands, we attempted to correlate the origin of 8 cases of hidrocystoma to the presence of S-100 protein-positive cells. S-100 protein was detected in the cells of one solitary eccrine hidrocystoma, but not in those of 2 cases of "classic", multiple-lesion type of eccrine hidrocystoma. This indicated that the former arose from the secretory portion of the eccrine gland and the latter from the eccrine ductal cells. Two of the 5 cases of apocrine hidrocystoma showed positive staining in a part of the lining cells of the cyst wall, while the other 3 cases were negative to this protein. This finding suggests that some of the tumors diagnosed morphologically as apocrine hidrocystoma differentiate in the direction of eccrine secretory cells. In addition to S-100 protein, we also surveyed for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and all cases examined were consistently positive to this substance. The detection of S-100 protein was considered to be more helpful in classifying hidrocystomas than that of CEA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Chondroid syringoma associated with hidrocystoma-like changes. Possible differentiation into eccrine gland. A histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

A case of chondroid syringoma associated with hidrocystoma-like changes was investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Chondroid syringoma was histologically compatible with apocrine mixed tumor, and hidrocystoma-like changes did not fulfill diagnostic criteria of either eccrine hidrocystoma or apocrine hidrocystoma. However, epithelial cellular elements composing both chondroid syringoma and hidrocystoma-like changes suggested, immunohistochemically and electron microscopically, differentiation into eccrine gland. The lesions of both had an apparent transition of ductal structures of chondroid syringoma into hidrocystoma-like changes. Therefore, chondroid syringoma and hidrocystoma-like changes in this case may be organized as a peculiar type of cutaneous appendage tumor differentiating toward eccrine gland.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗
PubMed2001

Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of the face.

BACKGROUND: Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of the face are a rare facial dermatosis for which no recent large series of cases has been reported. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinicopathologic features of five cases of multiple eccrine hidrocystoma and to emphasize their similar characteristics. METHODS: The clinical and histologic features of five women with multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of the face are described. RESULTS: All cases were middle-aged women with numerous, asymptomatic, skin-colored to bluish, papulonodular skin lesions, ranging from 2 to 5 mm in diameter, and mainly centrifacial in distribution. Histopathologically, all cases showed unilocular cysts in the dermis lined by two layers of cuboidal cells. Staining for S-100 protein was negative in the cyst wall in all cases. One case was treated with topical 1% atropine for 3 weeks with no significant improvement. No systemic side-effects were observed during this treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas are a rare condition which might be confused clinically and histopathologically with apocrine hidrocystomas. To date, no effective treatment has been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The efficacy of electrosurgery and excision in treating patients with multiple apocrine hidrocystomas.

BACKGROUND: Apocrine hidrocystomas are adenomatous cystic proliferations of the apocrine glands. They typically occur as solitary lesions, though rarely may occur as multiple lesions. Management of multiple hidrocystomas can be difficult, particularly if they are large. Surgical modalities may be required for effective therapy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of electrosurgery and excision in treating multiple apocrine hidrocystomas. METHODS: A 50-year-old man presented with multiple apocrine hidrocystomas ranging in size from 1 to 12 mm. The lesions were located over the periorbital skin, cheeks, and pinnae. Excision and electrodessication were utilized for therapy. At a 1-year follow-up, the patient was evaluated for recurrences and cosmetic result. RESULTS: There were no recurrences until 1 year after surgery. In the areas treated with electrodessication, no visible scars were identified. In the areas treated with excision, localized scars were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Both electrodessiation and excision are effective therapies for multiple apocrine hidrocystomas. We suggest that tumors less than 1 cm be treated with electrodessication and lesions greater than 1 cm with excision.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗
PubMed1995

Multiple hidrocystoma of the face: three cases.

Multiple hidrocystomas of the face (Robinson type) is an uncommon variant of hidrocystoma consisting of multiple cysts of the face of middle-aged women with exacerbation in hot temperatures. Controversy about the eccrine or apocrine nature of these lesions has appeared in the literature almost since their original description in 1893. Immunohistochemistry is not helpful in distinguishing between eccrine and apocrine differentiation in these lesions and enzyme histochemical studies have not been conclusive. We report three patients with this rare variant of hidrocystoma. In our opinion, multiple hidrocystomas of the face are apocrine hidrocystomas in which characteristic 'decapitation' secretion has been effaced by the pressure of cyst contents against the lining epithelium; only after serial sections is it possible to identify some areas of the cyst lining showing apocrine secretion in the luminal border of columnar cells.

Facial Dermatoses↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin expression in multiple eccrine hidrocystoma.

The histologic diagnosis as eccrine hidrocystoma may contain some other cysts which do not originate from the eccrine sweat glands. Some authors have suggested that true eccrine hidrocystoma does not exist. However, multiple eccrine hidrocystoma (Robinson type) is a distinct clinical entity which is characterized by multiple translucent papules around the eyelids which appear in warm weather. Cytokeratin expression in 8 cases of multiple type of unequivocal eccrine hidrocystoma was analyzed immunohistochemically. Immunoreactivities in our cases were similar to those of eccrine dermal ducts. Therefore, we confirmed that these tumors were derived from the eccrine dermal duct, not from the other appendages, and that true eccrine hidrocystoma exists.

Eccrine Glands↗
PubMed2001

Multiple apocrine hidrocystomas: treatment with carbon dioxide laser vaporization.

BACKGROUND: Apocrine hidrocystoma is a benign cystic tumour with apocrine differentiation. Although most cases are solitary tumours, multiple tumours may occur. Surgical removal is the usual treatment for apocrine hidrocystoma, but it may be troublesome and disfiguring in cases with multiple tumours. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and cosmetic outcome of carbon dioxide laser vaporization in the treatment of multiple apocrine hidrocystomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 11 lesions in three adult patients were treated with carbon dioxide laser vaporization using a continuous and defocused mode, with a power density of 5 J/cm(2). The lesions were localized lateral to the outer canthus, on the free edge of the eyelids, and on the ear. Only a single session of treatment was performed for each lesion. Photographic controls were taken before and after treatment. RESULTS: The lesions cleared after laser treatment without residual changes, and a successful cosmetic result was obtained. CONCLUSION: Carbon dioxide laser is an efficient method of the treatment for multiple apocrine hidrocystomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Apocrine hidrocystoma--a report of five cases and review of the Japanese literature.

Five cases of apocrine hidrocystoma are reported. One is multiple and the others are solitary lesions. There are more than 60 cases reported in the Japanese literature. Apocrine hidrocystomas usually occur as a solitary lesion. Only two cases of multiple apocrine hidrocystoma have been described so far in Japan. We reviewed the literature and discussed the clinicopathologic nature of this tumor. Apocrine hidrocystomas are usually composed of a cystic cavity lined by columnar epithelium, showing apocrine type secretion. Peripheral to this, myoepithelial cells are usually seen; however, they were absent from all of the present cases. Change in hue of the tumor is another characteristic feature. About half of the reported Japanese cases exhibited distinctive coloration, variously light brown, red-brown, or bluish. In contrast, non-Japanese cases tended to have darker coloration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of multiple apocrine hidrocystomas with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser.

The apocrine hidrocystoma tends to occur as a solitary facial cystic lesion. We report an unusual patient in whom there were multiple apocrine hidrocystomas scattered over the periorbital region and ears. Although solitary apocrine hidrocystomas are easily treated with excision, we had good results employing carbon dioxide laser vaporization in the treatment of numerous hidrocystomas.

Apocrine Glands↗
PubMed1989

[Eccrine hidrocystoma].

Most eccrine hidrocystomas are solitary, asymptomatic lesions. Multiple hidrocystomas are very rare and are probably caused by dilatation of eccrine ducts. Immunohistochemical investigations are helpful in distinguishing whether a solitary or multiple form is present. An isolated hidrocystoma can be treated by surgery or electrocautery. Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas are more difficult to treat. Topical atropine may be successful for multiple lesions. We observed a patient with more than 100 lesions associated with significant hyperhidrosis. Although several systemic drugs were used, no relief of the hyperhidrosis could be achieved. During topical administration of atropine some shrinkage of cysts was seen.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Eccrine hidrocystoma of the external ear canal: a case report.

Eccrine hidrocystomas are essentially sweat gland retention cysts located in the dermis. Clinically, an eccrine hidrocystoma presents as a small, translucent cystic swelling (often having a bluish hue), and measuring from 1 to 3 mm in diameter. The clinical and histopathological features of an eccrine hidrocystoma of the external auditory canal are presented, and the morphologic differences between an eccrine and an apocrine hidrocystoma are discussed.

Ear Canal↗
PubMed2006

[Atypical giant hidrocystoma of the eyelid].

Hidrocystoma belongs to benign tumors of sweat glands. It varies in size from a few millimeters to 1,5cm in rare cases. We report an atypical case of giant hidrocystoma of the eyelid. A 27-year-old woman consulted for a gradually progressing tumor of the right upper eyelid, with ptosis. The tumor was excised, and the histopathological exam revealed a giant hidrocystoma. The originality of this case lies in its atypical size and functional complications in a young patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Argon laser therapy of multiple eccrine cysts of sweat gland efferent ducts (eccrine hidrocystomas)].

BACKGROUND: Eccrine hidrocystomas are usually benign, solitary cystic tumors which are mainly treated by surgical measures. Treatment of the rare multiple lesions gets into difficulties because of complications. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 74-year-old woman showed multiple bilateral lesions on the eyelids. Histology revealed eccrine hidrocystomas. The lesions were treated by Argon laser. Laser parameters were as follows: 600-1000 microns spot size, 500-600 mW power, 0.1-0.2 s time. RESULTS: After 6 months follow up no recurrence of any of the tumors was observed. CONCLUSION: Argon laser proved to be successful to treat multiple eccrine hidrocystomas.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Treatment of multiple apocrine hidrocystomas with trichloroacetic acid.

The apocrine hidrocystoma is a benign adenomatous cystic proliferation derived from apocrine glands, which frequently occurs in periocular tissues. These cystadenomas may occur bilaterally, in multiple disfiguring confluent groups on both the upper and lower lids. Although these lesions have been treated successfully with meticulous surgical extirpation and electrosurgery, this report describes the successful treatment of two patients, each with multiple large (>7 mm) periocular apocrine hidrocystomas by either chemical ablation of the cystic epithelium with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or surgical excision. Examination of the cysts at 1, 3, and 6 months after TCA treatment revealed well-healed lesions without cyst recurrence. Most of the TCA-treated cysts resolved completely, without leaving any trace to clinical examination. Treatment of cysts with TCA was technically simpler and much less time-consuming than surgical excision. The treatment of large apocrine hidrocystomas with TCA is an effective and expeditious method of treating these disfiguring and recalcitrant lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

High-frequency ultrasound imaging of periocular hidrocystomas.

BACKGROUND: High-frequency ultrasound has improved our ability to manage and diagnose anterior segment tumors. Hidrocystomas are unusual cystic tumors that can affect the conjunctiva and eyelid. When they appear pigmented and rapid in onset, it is important to differentiate them from malignant tumors, such as melanoma. CASE REPORTS: Three patients were referred to The New York Eye Cancer Center for evaluation of pigmented lesions on their eyes. The tumors affected the conjunctiva or eyelid and were of recent onset ranging from 1 week to 6 months. The hidrocystomas displayed hypoechoic high-frequency ultrasound patterns, which corresponded to the cystic nature revealed through histopathological analysis. Differential diagnoses are discussed and include benign and malignant tumors. CONCLUSION: Cystic tumors are a common finding of the eye; however, pigmented hidrocystoma is an uncommon diagnosis. Although histopathological study is often required for definitive diagnosis of these lesions, much information can be gained through pre-surgical evaluation, particularly high-frequency ultrasound. Intra-lesional cyst formation was characteristic in these three tumors. Further study of the high-frequency ultrasound characteristics of pigmented eyelid and conjunctival tumors will help determine if these ultrasound characteristics are diagnostic.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The nature of pigment in pigmented apocrine hidrocystoma.

Apocrine hidrocystomas are often pigmented clinically. The cause of this pigmentation is not known. A case of pigmented apocrine hidrocystoma is presented with evidence of melanin as the underlying mechanism of the pigmentation. Review of an additional 150 cases suggests that this is rare. The Tyndall effect, analogous to that seen in blue dome cysts of fibrocystic disease of the breast may be the likely explanation of the pigmentation seen clinically in most cases of apocrine hidrocystomas.

Aged↗