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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hematological testing.

Hematological testing is a routine aspect of health care. It is invaluable for determining the physiological status of a patient, screening for indicators of systemic disease, determining a differential diagnosis, monitoring the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs, and justifying the management plans of both ocular and systemic conditions. Since doctors of optometry continue to provide a greater spectrum of medical care to patients, it is imperative that appropriate use be made of this important clinical adjunct to the practice of primary care. This paper reviews the use of hematological testing within optometry by discussing the various elements of the complete blood count and by describing selected diseases of the eye and visual system that are associated with hematological disorders.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed2003

Temporal approach to hematological test usage in a major teaching hospital.

In the era of slowly increasing laboratory budgets, identifying usage patterns can be an important first step in decreasing unnecessary laboratory testing. From January 1, 1998, through December 27, 2002, we studied inpatient laboratory utilization at the University of Alberta Hospital, a large Canadian teaching hospital (665 inpatient beds with an almost 100% continuous occupancy rate). The daily numbers of complete blood cell count (CBC), CBC with differential (CBCD), international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, vitamin B12, and red cell folate (FOL) tests were correlated with regularly occurring hospital events, such as weekends, statutory holidays, and resident changeover dates. Testing for hematological monitoring (CBC, CBCD) at our institution has been increasing at an average of 2% to 6% per year with a recent (2001 onward) rate of increase in hematological diagnostic testing (vitamin B12 and FOL) of close to 10%. As expected, laboratory usage was statistically significantly higher on weekdays compared with weekends. During the weekdays, ordering frequencies on Monday and Friday were shown to be statistically significantly higher than on the other days. A nadir occurred on Thursday and on the weekend. This finding was postulated to be due to a combination of attending physician unfamiliarity and defensive testing. Resident changeovers did not contribute to an increase in Monday laboratory testing, as was initially thought, nor did holidays. We believe that we can use our findings to decrease laboratory use. First, weekend or midweek use might become the appropriate standard for frequency of testing. Second, we must alert attending physicians (and residents who are soon to be attending physicians) about their subliminal need to increase testing during changeovers.

Hematologic Tests↗
PubMed1977

Bovine leukemia virus specific antibodies among French cattle. I. Comparison of complement fixation and hematological tests.

Complement fixation (CF) and hematological studies were performed on 517 cows living in normal conditions in different geographical areas of France. The animals belonged to three different categories: (1) multiple or single case herds, in which lymphosarcomas had been detected in the past five years. (2) Leukemia free herds of high risk regions. (3) Leukemia free and apparently unexposed herds. Positive animals were found with both methods in the first two categories but not in the third. Persistent lymphocytosis and CF antibodies were more frequent in leukemia than in exposed but leukemia free herds. Approximately 2 times more animals were found positive by serologic than by hematologic tests. The mean geometrical titer of CF antibodies was higher in lymphocytotic than in normal animals and highest in lymphosarcomatous cows. Persistent lymphocytosis was first detected in 3-years-old animals whereas 22% of younger cows were positive in the CF test.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Hematology testing in the doctor's office laboratory.

Physicians are performing a greater variety of hematology tests in their offices. Changes in reimbursement by third-party payers have been one factor in this move. Manufacturers are now actively marketing new, smaller, and simpler desktop analyzers to meet this need. This article discusses the requirements for performing hematology tests and the available instrumentation for the doctor's office setting.

Bleeding Time↗
PubMed1987

Desirable standards for hematology tests: a proposal.

Few analytic goals have been proposed for hematology tests, and these are based upon subjective clinical opinions. It is proposed that the current consensus strategies for delineating analytic goals in clinical chemistry can be validly used in the other disciplines of clinical pathology. Goals for imprecision are best based upon average intraindividual biologic variation; such goals are more stringent than those previously published. There are many cogent reasons that justify the goal for inaccuracy of no bias. In consequence, goals for imprecision should be viewed as goals for total laboratory error. Further experimental work on biologic variation is required to develop a wider range of goals for hematology and coagulation tests, if these strategies are considered worthy of adoption.

Goals↗
PubMed1989

Simple hematological tests for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Simple hematological tests, TLC, DLC, mESR, platelet count, were performed in 128 neonates of which 50 were controls and 78 were cases of suspected septicemia. Thirty three had positive blood cultures and were taken as 'proved' and remaining as 'probable' sepsis. A band cell neutrophil (B/N) ratio of greater than 0.2 was most sensitive index (92%) followed by raised mESR of greater than 8 mm for 1st hour, whereas leukopenia of greater than 5 x 10(3)/mm3 was most specific index (88%) for the diagnosis of sepsis. Thrombocytopenia of less than 1.5 x 10(5)/cu mm was also taken as positive test for sepsis. A combination of three positive tests had highest positive predictive accuracy (94%) for early diagnosis of sepsis, when compared to single test or two positive test combinations. The best combination of tests was B/N ratio, leukopenia and mESR which can be easily done in a side laboratory.

Blood Sedimentation↗
PubMed2002

Hematology tests of blood anticoagulated with magnesium sulphate.

Venous blood treated with magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) at blood collection was used for hematology tests. Complete blood counts and automated leukocyte differentials were obtained using a hematology analyzer, and the results obtained for blood treated with MgSO4 were similar to those for blood treated with dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA K2). Coagulation tests such as activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet factor 3 availability and prothrombin time were dose-dependently affected by the use of MgSO4. Thrombin time was prolonged by addition of MgSO4, and fibrin concentrations determined by coagulometry tended to decrease with addition of MgSO4, although fibrin concentrations determined by the weighing method were unaffected by MgSO4. MgSO, was thus found to potently inhibit blood coagulation and can be used as an anticoagulant for hematology tests.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2006

Venous stasis and routine hematologic testing.

Prolonged venous stasis, as generated by a long tourniquet placement, produces spurious variations in several measurable analytes. To verify to what extent venous stasis influences routine hematologic testing, we assessed routine hematologic parameters, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count (RBC), main cell hemoglobin (MHC), main cell volume (MCV), platelet count (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), white blood cell count (WBC) and WBC differential on the Advia 120 automated hematology analyzer in 30 healthy volunteers, either without venous stasis (no stasis) or after application of a 60 mmHg standardized external pressure by a sphygmomanometer, for 1 (1-min stasis) and 3 min (3-min stasis). Although the overall correlation between measures was globally acceptable, the mean values for paired samples were significantly different in all parameters tested, except MCV, MHC, PLT, MPV, eosinophils, basophils and large unstained cells after 1-min stasis and all parameters except MCV, MHC, MPV and basophils after 3-min venous stasis. As expected RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit displayed a significant trend towards increase, whereas WBC and the WBC subpopulations were decreased. Difference between measurements by Bland and Altman plots exceeded the current analytical quality specifications for desirable bias for WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes and monocytes in samples collected after either 1- and 3-min stasis. These results provide clear evidence that venous stasis during venipuncture might produce spurious and clinically meaningful biases in the measurement of several hematologic parameters, prompting further considerations on the usefulness of adopting appropriate preventive measures for minimizing such influences.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The influence of the tourniquet time on hematological testing for antidoping purposes.

Hematological manipulation to optimize aerobic performances is a serious problem in elite and professional sports and the approach to identify blood doping is as yet challenging. In most cases, the current strategy contemplates a first stage of analysis, based on the application of arbitrary threshold for hemoglobin or hematocrit, followed by second-generation blood tests, or the adoption of an individual hematological passport. To establish the influence of preanalytical variables on the athletes' hematological profile, we compared hemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocytes count in 27 male professional cyclists after a mean time of 2.30 +/- 0.12 tourniquet holding. Statistically significant differences were observed for hematocrit (+ 2.4 %; p < 0.001) and hemoglobin measurements (+ 1.4 %; p < 0.001), but not for the reticulocytes count (- 1.9 %; p = 0.170). In 4 out of 27 cases (15 %), the variability of the hematocrit measurement exceeded the 4.1 % desirable analytical quality specification for total error. Results of the present investigation further highlight the risk that unfulfillment of rigorous and standardized procedures for collection of blood specimens might increase the number of false positive testing and might lead to inappropriate sanctioning of a minority of clean athletes with hematocrit or hemoglobin values naturally elevated. Owing to the minor biological variability and the lesser susceptibility to variation of the preanalytical phase, the hemoglobin concentration might be a more suitable parameter than hematocrit for inclusion within laboratory testing to identify blood doping.

Doping in Sports↗
PubMed1993

Iron-deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait differentiated by simple hematological tests and serum iron concentrations.

The diagnostic value of common hematology tests in differentiating between thalassemia trait and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) was assessed. Serum iron concentration was included in a second stage of the diagnostic model and its predictive contribution was determined. After applying discriminant analysis to the data, minimization of Wilks's lambda (lambda) criterion was used to select the best predictive variables. A training sample of 754 subjects previously classified as either IDA (428) or thalassemia trait (326) was used to determine the classification rule. When serum iron concentrations were included, the model showed a higher predictive capacity than that constructed from hematological variables only (D = 2.342 RBC - 0.079 Hb + 3.627 log[Fe] - 6.459, where D = discriminant score). The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficiency associated with this model, as assessed on a control sample of 256 patients (137 thalassemia and 119 IDA), were 94.2%, 91.6%, and 93.0%, respectively. This model, when compared with those of other authors, has the highest diagnostic efficiency.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1985

Biochemical and hematological tests in patients with breast carcinoma: correlations with extent of disease, sites of relapse, and prognosis.

The value of serial biochemical and hematological tests of blood in differentiating stages and in detecting recurrence of breast carcinoma was studied in 500 patients. Patients who had mastectomy and were with no evidence of disease (NED group) had higher hemoglobin, albumin, total protein, and lower LDH than patients with any amount of breast carcinoma. These four tests became more abnormal in patients with metastatic disease (group IV). In addition, peripheral lymphocyte count was significantly decreased, and SGOT, AP, alpha-1 globulin, and CEA significantly increased, when patients developed recurrent or metastatic disease. Patients with disseminated soft tissue or lung metastasis had less abnormality of such blood tests than those with metastasis in bone or other visceras. Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) were not different between early or late stages, nor specific sites of metastatic involvement. Among patients with a greater amount of loco-regional disease (group III) and patients with metastatic disease (group IV), those who had hemoglobin greater than or equal to 12.5 gm%, lymphocyte count of 15-2,500/cmm, albumin greater than or equal to 4 gm%, AP less than or equal to 25 units, or LDH less than or equal to 400 units had significantly better 5-year survival rates.

Actuarial Analysis↗