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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Physical work capacity and daily physical activities of handicapped and non-handicapped children.

In this study physical work capacity, mechanical efficiency on the bicycle ergometer and daily physical activities were compared between 24 physically handicapped and 24 non-handicapped children. As a measure of mechanical efficiency and physical work capacity, the oxygen uptake per kg body weight at 0.5 watt . kg-1 and oxygen uptake per kg body weight at a heart rate of 150 beats . min-1 were used. The daily physical activities were recorded during a 24-h period by means of a scoring list. The load imposed by the daily physical activities was investigated by registration of heart rate. The mean value of the physical work capacity of the group of handicapped children was found to be lower compared with the non-handicapped children. The mechanical efficiency of 7 of the 24 handicapped children was lower when compared with the mechanical efficiency of 23 of the 24 non-handicapped children. A significant correlation between mechanical efficiency and nature of the handicap (spastic hemi-, di-, tetraplegic) was found (p less than 0.05). During light daily physical activities the handicapped children showed the same mean heart rate as the non-handicapped children, but the mean heart rate during heavy daily physical activities was lower for the handicapped group than for the non-handicapped group. The non-handicapped children spent more time in physical activities with relatively high heart rates. From the results obtained of oxygen uptake and heart rate measurements it is to be expected that non-handicapped children are able to maintain a higher state of training by means of their daily physical activities than are handicapped children.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

The self-concept of physically handicapped children and their non-handicapped siblings: an empirical investigation.

Following a brief review of studies devoted specifically to the self-concept of the child with a physical handicap and the non-handicapped sibling, 20 pre-adolescent physically handicapped children attending normal schools and their siblings nearest in age were administered the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale for Children. Their responses were then compared with those of 13 physically handicapped children attending special schools and their siblings, and with 18 non-handicapped children and their siblings. It was found that mean total scores were lower for both groups of physically handicapped children when compared to mean scores for the non-handicapped controls, with similar results amongst the groups of siblings, the mean scores for siblings of handicapped children being generally lower than those of the controls. The same results were found when the handicapped children's groups were pooled and analysed according to diagnosis. It was also found that there were few significant differences between pairs of target children and siblings, irrespective of their groupings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional status and daily physical activity of handicapped students in Tokyo metropolitan schools for deaf, blind, mentally retarded, and physically handicapped individuals.

Heights, weights, and skinfold thicknesses of 2222 handicapped students aged 3-22 y were measured in the 1984 nutritional survey for handicapped students in Tokyo metropolitan schools for deaf, blind, mentally retarded, and physically handicapped individuals. Although delayed growth was most obvious in physically handicapped students, obesity was already prevalent in many different types of handicapped students, especially those who were mentally handicapped. To estimate daily physical activity, 473 males and 329 females wore a pedometer for 24 h. There were considerable differences in the mean pedometer scores among the four groups of students: deaf greater than blind = mentally retarded greater than physically handicapped. In the female students who could walk normally, pedometer scores were negatively related with both body mass index and percent body fat. The nutritional status in the handicapped students is discussed in relation to daily physical activity.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The impossible handicap. Analysis of the concept of handicap in the orientating law of 30 June 1975. 1].

This study focuses on handicap as is meant in the French law of june 30, 1975 for handicapped persons. The method is content analysis applied to the law itself and to directly relevant official texts (Bloch Lainé report of 1967, motives statement of the law, debates in parliament, Cour des Comptes report of 1982, Lasry Gagneux report of 1983). Handicap thus explicited is twice impossible. In the first place the whole field of handicap is built upon a strong relationship between official services and the invalids while at the same time the law gives the committees total freedom to choose and change their definition of handicap. In the second place the fact of giving such a central place to invalidity and to the relationship between official services and invalids tends to deny the very characters of handicap. P.H.N. Wood's concept as published under the authority of World Health Organization, provides a possible definition of handicap in as much as it states its social nature (to be differentiated from invalidity) and it grants equal importance to the three interactions: person-state, state-milieu, and person-milieu.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1992

[Patients with severe multiple handicaps in workshops for the handicapped--a project of the Berlin Workshops for the Handicapped GmbH (BWB) 4 December 1989 to 31 May 1990].

A project had been carried out at Berliner Werkstätten für Behinderte GmbH (BWB) aimed at integrating cerebral palsied persons with very severe, multiple disability in a workshop for the disabled. Client workshop readiness had been determined on the criteria of social capacity, extraordinary care need at the workplace, and economic viability of work. The project, planned to last 6 months, had to be discontinued because the 9 disabled persons included in this programme refused to cooperate after a short period of time.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

[Is self disclosure by a physically handicapped proband reciprocated by the interaction partner? An experimental study of the effect of physical handicap on interaction behavior with non-handicapped interaction partners].

An experimental study tested whether an able-bodied person's positive disposition toward a disabled interaction partner was effective in the amount of reciprocation given to the disabled partner's self-disclosure. Sixty female subjects were confronted with either a disabled or nondisabled conversation partner who showed either a high or a low amount of self-disclosure. We anticipated that a "sympathy" effect of disablement in the amount of the subjects' self-disclosure would result from the nondisabled partner's overcompensation. This arises from an effort to compensate the negative, stereotyped attitudes to the disabled in actual behavior toward a single, disabled person by more strongly reciprocating the self-disclosure of a disabled interaction partner compared to a nondisabled one. Results showed that, contrary to expectations, self-disclosure was equally reciprocated with both a disabled and a nondisabled partner. However, a "sympathy" effect was found in the impression judgments on the disabled partner who had shown a high amount of self-disclosure in the previous conversation. The lack of a "sympathy" effect in the amount of self-disclosure was possibly the result of (1) the reciprocation of self-disclosure not being exclusively determined by intentional control processes; and/or (2) the evaluative significance of the amount of self-disclosure not being clear to the subjects in the interaction studied. It is concluded that the efforts of the nondisabled to show an unprejudiced attitude toward a disabled interaction partner are mostly effective in other aspects of behavior than the amount of self-disclosure.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Defining fragility of the elderly severely mentally handicapped according to mortality risk, morbidity, motor handicaps and social functioning.

The main aim of this study was to find a cut-off point in the age-distribution at which the physical fragility of the severe mentally handicapped residents increases. The following criteria for age-related fragility were used: mortality risk, morbidity rates of chronic diseases, motor problems and social functioning. The age-specific mortality risks were computed by means of data of the National Case register in the period 1978-1983. The morbidity-rates, rates of motor handicaps and handicaps of social functioning were calculated from a random sample of 550 severe mentally handicapped in 100 institutions and sheltered homes. The results of this cross-sectional study showed a high prevalence of diseases and handicaps, and a high mortality-rate until the age of 30, mainly determined by pre- and perinatal birth defects. The most healthy residents were found according to our criteria in the 30-50 year age group. A significant increase in health problems of 'the elderly' were observed only after the age of about 50 years, as indicated by a high prevalence of diseases and sensory handicaps, mortality risk, motor problems and problems with basis personal skills. The linguistic skills of elderly persons were significantly better in comparison with the younger residents.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

Recognition of the familiar words of nursery rhymes by handicapped and non-handicapped infants.

Nine infants with Down's syndrome (mean MA, 9.1 months), seven non-handicapped infants (mean MA, 9.6 months) and one severely handicapped infant (MA, 9.5 months) were given the choice of listening to familiar nursery rhymes or to the same rhymes with each word reversed such that the rhythms, intonation and stress patterns were kept intact but the words were nonsense. Six infants with Down's syndrome, five non-handicapped infants and the severely handicapped infant had significant preferences for the familiar rhymes, and the strength of this preference increased with increasing mental age. The results suggest that both handicapped and non-handicapped infants are beginning to recognise familial words of nursery rhymes at this age. The relevance of the results for early intervention procedures is discussed.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1978

Dental care for handicapped children reexamined: I. Dental training and treatment of the handicapped.

1) Training experience is closely related to whether or not handicapped children are treated. If practitioners attended a postgraduate pedodontic training program, or received classroom education or clinical training in the treatment of handicapped children, they are much more likely to treat such patients. (Worth noting is the fact that one fourth of the pedodontists treating handicapped children had not received postgraduate pedodontic training and 20-30 percent reported no training on the treatment of such patients at all.) 2) Slightly less than half of the general practitioners and 96 percent of the pedodontists surveyed report that they currently treat the dental problems of handicapped children. 3) Practitioners currently treating handicapped children report treating more such patients during their dental training and are more likely to feel that they received sufficient exposure to these patients during their training. (Twenty percent of the general practitioners and 53 percent of the pedodontists felt they had sufficient exposure.) 4) Dentists treating handicapped children were more likely to report both classroom education and clinical training about the use of multidisciplinary health manpower in the treatment of their patients, and to report using such personnel as consultants in their dental practice.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Teachers' expectations for handicapped and non-handicapped children in mainstreamed physical education classes.

The purpose of this study was to describe the differences of 27 handicapped and 27 non-handicapped youngsters in terms of the teachers' expectation for their physical performance, social relations, cooperative behavior and ability to reason during physical education instruction. Matched pairs of handicapped and non-handicapped elementary school-aged children were taught by three elementary physical education specialists in mainstreamed physical education classes. At the beginning of the fall term, teachers were asked to rate their students according to how they expected them to perform in terms of the four expectancy variables. All three teachers had significantly lower expectations for the handicapped students' social relations with peers than the non-handicapped. Non-significant differences were found for the remaining expectancy variables.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Physical work capacity and classroom attention of handicapped and non-handicapped children.

The relationship between Physical Work Capacity (PWC) and 'attention in the classroom' was examined using a differential design, with 15 handicapped (age range 94-167 months) and 20 non-handicapped children (age range 91-141 months). The PWC was measured with the aid of a bicycle ergometer and the childrens' attention by means of an observation instrument developed for the purpose. On both variables the non-handicapped children differed significantly from the handicapped children. A low, non-significant relationship was found between scores obtained from the observaton instrument and a teachers' questionnaire for classroom attentional behaviour. The correlation between PWC and 'attention in the classroom' within the two groups was found to be non-significant but different in sign. This suggested relationship betwen PWC and attention merits further study. Suggestions are made with respect to physical training programmes for handicapped children.

Attention↗
PubMed1985

[Social representation of the physically handicapped person. "Overcoming one's handicap": effects of family situation and of income].

Continuing the study of social representation of the physically handicapped, the authors of this article study the influence of income and family situation on the evaluation of a fictive handicapped person. In creating twelve portraits by crossing the modalities of these variables, they arrive at a factorial plan which allows them to prove the effect of income and family situation as well on the positive adjectives marked on a list of personality traits as on the evaluations given by means of a scale ranging from "has overcome his handicap very poorly" to "has overcome his handicap very well". Although the evaluations are in general favorable and in spite of the fact that only little information was given to the subjects, the responses are significantly different. In addition, the relation between the number of positive adjectives attributed and the values received on the scale make it evident that the notion of having well or poorly "overcome one's handicap" is socially evaluated. Finally, the interaction observed between the two studied variables shows that the fact of having a professional occupation is clearly more important if the described person is unmarried than if he is married.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Horticultural therapy--aspects of land use for the mentally handicapped. A system of planning for the requirements of the mentally handicapped gardener.

An increasing number of facilities for the mentally handicapped use horticulture, agriculture and gardening in their training programmes. This paper contains a review of: (1) some aspects of land use as a medium for leisure, rehabilitation, therapy and training for the mentally handicapped, (2) employment, both sheltered and open, in land use as reflected in a recent survey, (3) the variety of knowledge available through the medium of land use. The main emphasis of the paper deals with: (1) the need for planning, (2) a suggested planning system that assists the instructor in understanding the requirements of the mentally handicapped gardener when he approaches a given job, (3) some problems peculiar to land use work with the mentally handicapped. In conclusion the authors briefly examine: (1) the need for assessment, (2) the need to distinguish between production and training, (3) suggestions towards an expansion of the planning system to take in other areas of the horticultural unit than were originally described, (4) social activities connected with the horticultural activities described, (5) the hierarchy identified through the use of a particular planning system.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1979

Visual handicaps of mentally handicapped people.

Recent literature concerning visual handicaps of mentally handicapped people was reviewed. Topic areas considered were etiology and epidemiology, visual acuity, color vision, and educational techniques. The material considered indicated that a large proportion of mentally handicapped people are affected by some form of visual handicap and the extent to which further specialization of care and training techniques is required in order to limit the extra disadvantages imposed by such defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Classification of handicaps in 6-7-year-old mentally retarded children. Usefulness and inter-observer agreement of a child adapted handicap code of WHO's ICIDH.

This paper reports on the clinical use of a classification of handicaps in 6-7-year-old mentally retarded children. A child-adapted handicap code of WHO's ICIDH was used. It was easy to manage and added valuable information to the child's medical status and psychosocial evaluation. The inter-observer agreement was most satisfactory. The handicap dimension of 'social integration' ought to be regarded as 'social interaction' and needs to be specified further.

Child↗