Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Habituation, Psychophysiologic”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Electrodermal reactivity in schizophrenic women with so-called basic symptoms].

Studies on electrodermal reactivity in a psychophysiological habituation experiment with schizophrenic patients often show a high number of "non" - or "hypo-responsiveness". There is not enough evidence to explain non-response as anticholinergic drug effect of antipsychotic medication; results in the literature suggest that hyporesponsiveness can be regarded more as a psychopathological phenomenon of a distinct subgroup of subsigns of schizophrenia which are called negative symptoms or basic disturbances. For the measurements of so-called basic symptoms we used two German self-report questionnaires, the "Frankfurter Befindlichkeitsskala für schizophren Erkrankte (FBS)" by Süllwold and Herrlich (1987) and the "Günzburger Selbstbeurteilungsskala für Basissymptome bei Schizophrenen (GSBS)" by Schüttler and co-workers (Blumenthal et al., 1989). The FBS includes two factors, a so-called "hyper" - and a "hypo"-syndrome; the GSBS consists of three categories which are named "Potential-reduktion", "kognitive Denkstörungen" and "kognitive Wahrnehmungsstörungen". We expected a relationship between "non" - oder "hypo-responsiveness" of the electrodermal reactivity in a habituation experiment with acoustic stimuli and higher values in the "FBS hypo-syndrome" respectively the "GSBS Potentialreduktion" (reduction of energy, drive, apathy, depressive mood etc.). 40 female inpatients, mean age 35.5 years with the ICD-9 diagnoses 295.x (n = 34) and 397.0 (n = 6) were investigated in this study. All the inpatients were treated with antipsychotic medication at the time of the study (usually the third week of inpatient stay in a closed acute treatment ward for females after reduction of acute psychopathology).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Depression and electrodermal response measures in a habituation experiment. Results from over 400 depressed inpatients].

Depressed inpatients of the Weissenau Depression Treatment Unit take part in an over ten years unchanged psychophysiological habituation experiment with auditive stimuli to study their electrodermal reactivity. An overview on EDA-results of about 400 inpatients (ICD-9: 296.1/300.4/309.1, without delusional depression and without bipolar affective psychosis) is given. Women compared to men and also endogenous (ICD-9: 296.1) compared to psychogenic depression (ICD-9: 300.4/309.1) show significantly more non- and hypo-response.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Anxiety trait modulates psychophysiological reactions, but not habituation processes related to affective auditory stimuli.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that there are specific peripheral activation patterns associated with the emotional valence of sounds. However, it is unclear how these effects adapt over time. The personality traits influencing these processes are also not clear. Anxiety disorders influence the autonomic activation related to emotional processing. However, personality anxiety traits have never been studied in the context of affective auditory stimuli. METHODS: Heart rate, skin conductance, zygomatic muscle activity and subjective rating of emotional valence and arousal were recorded in healthy subjects during the presentation of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral sounds. Recordings were repeated 1 week later to examine possible time-dependent changes related to habituation and sensitization processes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was not a generalized habituation or sensitization process related to the repeated presentation of affective sounds, but rather, specific adaptation processes for each physiological measure. These observations are consistent with previous studies performed with affective pictures and simple tones. Thus, the measures of skin conductance activity showed the strongest changes over time, including habituation during the first presentation session and sensitization at the end of the second presentation session, whereas the facial electromyographic activity habituated only for the neutral stimuli and the heart rate did not habituate at all. Finally, we showed that the measure of personality trait anxiety influenced the orienting reaction to affective sounds, but not the adaptation processes related to the repeated presentation of these sounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prediction and evaluation criteria in perazine therapy of acute schizophrenics. Methodological considerations, sample population, and research variables.

In an open study of schizophrenic patients treated with perazine (Taxilan), a multidimensional approach comprising the following three areas was chosen: 1. psychopathology (AMDP, BPRS); 2. psychophysiology (habituation of skin resistance reaction, pulse rate); 3. pharmacokinetics (perazine-desmethylperazine plasma levels). Looking beyond the known global effect of the neuroleptic drug, interactions between these three areas were studied. Furthermore, methodological questions concerning possible predictor variables for treatment outcome were examined. Finally, an improved method for analyzing psychopathological data was employed. The methodological framework of the study, the examination techniques, and patient population are presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Psychophysiological effects of habitual caffeine consumption.

Caffeine is the most widely consumed pharmacologically active substance in the world, and a key issue concerning its possible implications for human health is whether it has persistent (i.e., chronic) physiological effects on habitual consumers. This study examined blood pressure, heart rate (HR), electromyogram (EMG), and skin conductance level (SCL) in 36 healthy men and women exposed to a pattern of moderate intake. A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design with counterbalancing was used in which all subjects participated in four experimental conditions involving the ingestion of placebo or caffeine three times daily for 6 days followed by a seventh ("challenge") day of placebo or caffeine ingestion. Results confirmed that caffeine has significant pressor effects, and these were found to he additive to the pressor action of a laboratory stressor. Following habitual consumption of the drug. pressor effects were diminished (indicative of tolerance) but not eliminated. Effects of caffeine on other parameters were either modest (HR and EMG) or negligible (SCL). Considering (he near-universal use of caffeine. the persistent pressor effects observed in this study have important implications for clinical practice and public health.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychophysiological response patterns of migraine patients in two habituation tests.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the habituation response pattern of patients with migraine to a simple standard stressor and to a more complex performance-dependent (achievement) stressor in three peripheral systems (electrodermal, vasomotor, and cardiovascular). We hypothesized that the migraine patients would show abnormal habituation in these peripheral systems, especially in response to achievement stimuli. BACKGROUND: Abnormal central habituation to repetitive stimuli has been reported frequently in patients with migraine. But little is known about habituation of the peripheral autonomic nervous system to stressors in these patients. METHODS: A total of 30 female migraineurs and 30 physically and mentally healthy women matched for age and social status participated in a simple habituation test (auditory stimuli) and an achievement habituation test (mental arithmetic). RESULTS: Habituation was impaired in the electrodermal (skin conductance response), vasomotor (pulse volume amplitude), and cardiovascular (heart rate response) systems during the mental arithmetic test (achievement stimuli) in the migraineurs as compared to the healthy controls. With the simple stressor (auditory stimuli), however, habituation was impaired in the vasomotor system only. Consistent with these findings were the participants' verbal reports, which indicated significantly more subjective tension in the migraine group than in the control group during the calculation test. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the mental arithmetic (achievement) habituation paradigm is an important tool for demonstrating reduced habituation in several specific components of the autonomic nervous system. Further research is needed to target the covariance of central and autonomic nervous system habituation phenomena in migraine.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Perceived coping ability mediates the relationship between PTSD severity and heart rate recovery in veterans.

Most psychophysiological studies of PTSD have not assessed physiological recovery, correlational relationships between PTSD severity and physiological measures within clinical populations, or mediation by cognitive appraisal. Relationships of PTSD severity to psychophysiological reactivity (to acoustic startle), habituation, and recovery were assessed in 29 combat veterans, and mediation by cognitive appraisal (perceived threat and coping ability) was assessed in a subset (n = 16) of participants. Heart rate (HR) recovery was linearly related to PTSD severity. Perceived ability to cope with the lab task, but not perceived threat inherent in the task, mediated the HR recovery-PTSD association. Potential implications of delayed HR recovery for functioning, treatment outcome, and health-risk in PTSD are presented. Cognitive appraisal may represent an important target for treatments.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1987

Electrodermally differentiated subgroups of anxiety patients. I. Automatic and vigilance characteristics.

A total of 32 anxiety patients (agoraphobia, panic syndrome, generalized anxiety syndrome) selected according to the DSM-III criteria were compared with 16 controls to determine distinguishing features of autonomic response patterns to a sequence of verbal and acoustic stimuli. In addition sensorimotor tasks were performed. The anxiety patients were classified into electrodermally stabile and labile subgroups on the basis of two reliably measurable psychophysiological parameters: the rate of electrodermal habituation to neutral stimuli and non-specific electrodermal activity. The electrodermally labile anxiety group was characterized by a high degree of variability in respiratory and pulse rate during the autonomic activation procedure. Within the control group the electrodermally labile subjects were characterized by a significantly higher pulse rate during the entire autonomic activation procedure. The reduced habituation capacity of the labile subgroup of anxiety patients compared to the controls was reflected in both retarded habituation and long durations of electrodermal responses to all verbal stimuli. This group also tolerated monotony; their performance did not drop during the 256 sensorimotor reaction time tasks and even exceeded the performance of the control group by the end of the test. The stabile anxiety subgroup had a significantly longer reaction time in all reaction time tasks than the labile subgroup of anxiety patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Criteria of heart rate response measurements in psychosomatic diagnosis].

The central function of the cardiovascular system in the internal homeostasis of the human organism and in the externally directed adaptive and transformative processes explains the importance of this system in psychophysiological investigations. At the same time it is apparent, that the functional complexity leads to methodological difficulties in the analysis of stimulus-response relationships. Using heart-rate-response to acoustical stimuli a variety of factors influencing form and extent of cardiovascular responses are discussed as there permit an explanation of varying results in psychophysiological studies on this topic. Two habituation experiments with a total of 100 subjects were used to analyse the depending of heart-rate upon type and intensity of stimuli and associated systemic variations with varying states of activation. An alternative method of measurement is presented which consideres the timing of heart-rate reaction, thus avoiding to undue the temporal coherence of the components of heart-rate response. This method offers the possibility for a real-time-comparison between different autonomic functions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

Skin conductance activity after intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopa in rats.

Absence of skin conductance response (SCR) and failure of its habituation are psychophysiological signs observed in most schizophrenics. In the present experiments, skin conductance activity was studied in rats before and after intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHdopa), a neurotoxin that selectively destroys noradrenaline nerve terminals and induces denervation supersensitivity at the synapse. All intact rats studied (n = 32) showed SCR and its habituation to repeated auditory stimuli (500 Hz, 90 dB, 1 sec, 20 times). They also showed some spontaneous fluctuation (SF) of the skin conductance. In the early stage following the 6-OHdopa (100 micrograms) administration (n = 16), it was noted that the SCR disappeared and the SF were markedly reduced in frequency (p less than 0.001). From the third day to the fourth week after this treatment, there was some recovery of the SF rate, and the SCR tended to reappear with a marked slowing down of its habituation. Eight weeks after the treatment, the majority (11/16) of the 6-OHdopa rats showed habituation failure of the SCR (p less than 0.005); vehicle-treated rats (n = 16) did not show these alterations. Estimation of catecholamine concentration after the experiment confirmed the selective depletion of brain noradrenaline. These results suggest that destruction of the noradrenergic fibers after the 6-OHdopa treatment and denervation supersensitivity which developed later are the cause of the nonresponding and nonhabituating changes of SCR, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Functional influence of the central noradrenergic system on the skin conductance activity in rats.

Pharmacological studies on neuroleptics and amphetamine strongly suggest that some dysfunction of the central catecholamine system may play a key role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our previous studies have demonstrated that intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a selective neurotoxin of the catecholamine neuron, can reproduce schizophrenia-like abnormalities in the skin conductance activity. In the present experiments, effects of pharmacological modulation of the central noradrenergic activity were studied in rats. Stimulation of the central noradrenergic activity by yohimbine (0.6 mg/kg, i.m.) slowed down the habituation of the skin conductance response (SCR) and increase the spontaneous fluctuation of the skin conductance (SF), while inhibition of the activity by clonidine (0.06 mg/kg, i.m.) accelerated or obliterated the SCR and decreased the SF frequency. If the functional significance of the central noradrenergic system lies in vigilance control, the present results are consistent with classical theory in psychophysiology: the habituation rate of SCR and the frequency of SF are correlated well with each other and both indices reflect arousal level. The disorder of the system should produce not only these psychophysiological abnormalities but also psychological disturbances; i.e., overarousal and underarousal syndromes. Therefore, the dysfunction of the noradrenergic system might constitute an essential aspect of schizophrenic disorder.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1975

Facilitation of somatosensory average-evoked potentials in hysterical anesthesia and pain.

Psychophysiological inhibition theories of hysterical anesthesia were not supported in a study of habituation of scalp somatosensory average-evoked responses. Facilitation, rather than habituation, was found in responses contralaterial to the affected side with strong tactile stimuli in patients with hysterical heminesthesia or hemihypoesthesia, regional pain, and weakness. We suggest that the increase in response amplitude is related to the unusual congnitive set in these patients. Corticufugal influences on tactile sensory input might be mediated through increasing-excitation in a spinal-gating system.

Accidents, Occupational↗