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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Plasma prolactin levels in patients with essential hypertension, malignant hypertension and secondary hypertension.

Plasma prolactin level and plasma renin activity were determined in normal subjects and patients with low and normal renin essential hypertension, renal hypertension, renovascular hypertension, primary aldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma and malignant hypertension. In both normal subjects and the normal renin essential hypertensives, plasma prolactin was significantly higher in females than in males. Plasma prolactin was also significantly higher in the normal renin essential hypertensives than in normal subjects of both sexes, while no significant difference was found between the low renin group and normal subjects of either sex. A significantly positive correlation was observed between plasma renin activity and the plasma prolactin level in male essential hypertensives, but not in females. Although no significant difference in plasma prolactin level could be detected between patients with secondary hypertension and normal subjects, this level was significantly higher in malignant hypertensives than in normotensives. From these results, it was shown that significant differences of plasma prolactin levels exist between normal renin essential hypertensives, and low renin essential hypertensives or normal subjects, and that these differences may partly depend on renin status which might be related to the central dopaminergic activity. In malignant hypertensives, the high level of plasma prolactin may be caused by diminished renal function, but the suppression of central dopaminergic activity cannot be excluded in the mechanism of plasma prolactin increment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ventricular function by radionuclide ventriculography in malignant hypertension.

Malignant hypertension is a unique and natural model for the study of abnormalities of left ventricular function due to arterial hypertension, because the development and regression of these abnormalities can be observed in a short period. Studies of ventricular function by radionuclide ventriculography, either before or after therapy, have not been previously reported in malignant hypertensive patients. We used this methodology to study left ventricular function in 17 malignant/accelerated hypertensive patients at the time of admission to the hospital and 3, 6, and 9 months after discharge. Seventy percent of patients (12 of 17) had symptoms of congestive heart failure at admission. We compared these data with those obtained in 12 normotensive subjects and 13 mild-to-moderate untreated hypertensive patients. Blood pressure of malignant hypertensive patients was 213 +/- 26/140 +/- 17 mm Hg at admission and 165 +/- 23/101 +/- 15 after 9 months of therapy. Radionuclide ventriculography at admission showed that peak filling rates of malignant hypertensive patients (2.13 +/- 0.21 end-diastolic volume [counts] [EDV]/sec) were significantly lower than those in normotensive subjects (2.40 +/- 0.41) and in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients (2.46 +/- 0.21). In contrast, peak ejection rates were significantly higher in malignant hypertensive patients (3.44 +/- 0.38 EDV/sec) than in the two control groups (3.01 +/- 0.32 and 3.10 +/- 0.43, respectively). Ejection fractions were similar in the three groups of patients. After 9 months of therapy, peak filling rates of malignant hypertensive patients increased to 2.38 +/- 0.35 EDV/sec, whereas peak ejection rates decreased to 2.89 +/- 0.43 EDV/sec, both not significantly different from data in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Ophthalmoscopic findings in malignant hypertension.

Malignant hypertension may present with retinopathy, choroidopathy, and optic neuropathy. Flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages, an early finding, are due to smooth muscle necrosis and bleeding along the nerve fiber layer. Cotton-wool spots, or cytoid bodies, are not exudates, but rather are retinal infarcts. Hypertensive optic neuropathy is a late finding. Optical coherence tomography is a relatively new imaging technique for evaluating retinal thickness and the location of pathology in patients with malignant hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Oral converting enzyme inhibitor in malignant hypertension.

Malignant hypertension, which developed in a 9-year-old boy after an episode of haemolytic uraemic syndrome, could not be controlled with antihypertensive agents. However, treatment with oral converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) was effective in controlling the blood pressure and it averted bilateral nephrectomy. No adverse effects from the drug were noted.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1978

Malignant hypertension.

Malignant or accelerated hypertension is a life-threatening disease whose complications may be prevented by rapid reduction of the blood pressure. Diazoxide is presently regarded as the preferred therapeutic agent, but drugs such as trimethaphan, sodium nitroprusside, phenoxybenzamine and hydralazine may be useful in particular situations. Treatment is best carried out in an intensive care unit, where appropriate monitoring and study of the patient can be done. Since the introduction of antihypertensive agents the life expectancy of these patients, even those with renal insufficiency, has increased.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2001

Hemodynamic and metabolic profile in offspring of malignant hypertensive parents.

Malignant hypertension is a serious form of arterial hypertension in which the physiopathological mechanisms include increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, renin angiotensin system, and endothelium dysfunction. Family history of hypertension is an important predictive factor for hypertension and is associated with metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities. Studies of these abnormalities in malignant hypertensive offspring have not yet been published. Therefore, we studied 42 offspring of malignant hypertensive parents (OMH group: age, 22+/-7 years; 23 male subjects; 27 white) and 35 offspring of normotensive parents (ONT group: age, 21+/-4 years; 23 male subjects; 25 white). All subjects had blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg. We evaluated body mass index; office blood pressure; 24-hour ambulatory and continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring (Finapres); biochemical analysis, including total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; and hormonal analysis, including plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and catecholamines. The subjects were also submitted to cold pressure test and handgrip measurements. The body mass index was significantly higher in the OMH group (24+/-5 kg/m(2)) than in the ONT group (22+/-4 kg/m(2)). The OMH group showed significantly higher blood pressure and heart rate in office and Finapres measurements (P<0.05). In 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, the OMH group presented higher 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate, higher blood pressure during the night, and higher heart rate variability during the day compared with those of the ONT group. They also presented lower HDL cholesterol, higher levels of plasma insulin and norepinephrine, and higher insulin-to-glucose ratio (P<0.05) than the ONT group. There were no differences in the other biochemical parameters measured. In conclusion, OMH subjects show early hemodynamic, neurohumoral, and metabolic alterations that are typical of hypertensive metabolic syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Malignant hypertension in blacks. Malignant intrarenal arterial disease as observed by light and electron microscopy.

Volhard and Fahr recognized that hypertensive intrarenal vascular disease could be divided into two groups corresponding to the clinical states of benign and malignant hypertension. Since that time, numerous papers on malignant hypertension, primarily dealing with European derived populations, have emphasized fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries and arterioles as the lesion of malignant hypertension, although some have also recognized a myxoid intimal lesion as characteristic. Today in the United States, however, a significant proportion of malignant hypertension occurs in blacks. In the present study, patients have lacked fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles and only rarely have had some atypical necrosis of small arteries. The prominent, but not pathognomonic, lesion in this series is a myxoid intimal thickening of small arteries consisting of smooth muscle cells, acid mucopolysaccharides, basement membrane-like materal, collagen, and other amorphous and unidentified material, probably plasma derived.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Increased production of angiotensin II in the adrenal gland of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats with malignant hypertension.

Angiotensin(Ang) contents in the adrenal gland of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRSP) and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats(WKY) were determined using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography combined with a specific radioimmunoassay. In normotensive 5 wk-old SHRSP, the adrenal renin activity was about 3 times higher than that of age-matched WKY while the adrenal Ang I and Ang II concentrations did not differ from those of WKY. In the severely hypertensive 25 wk-old SHRSP, the adrenal Ang II and Ang I, and plasma aldosterone concentrations were about 5-fold, 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively, increased compared with levels in the WKY. In the 25 wk-old SHRSP 24 h after bilateral nephrectomy, the adrenal Ang II and plasma aldosterone levels were not decreased and were 10 and 3 times, respectively, higher than those of nephrectomized control WKY. Thus, the enhanced local generation of Ang II in the adrenal gland may contribute to the increased release of aldosterone in SHRSP with malignant hypertension.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1979

Effects of sodium chloride on early and chronic phases of malignant hypertension in rats.

Malignant hypertension was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a complete aortic ligation above the left renal artery. The effects of saline (0.9% NaCl) administration on the development and course of the malignant hypertensive vascular disease were studied and the treated rats were compared to non-saline-treated animals and to sham-operated controls in the early and chronic phases of the disease. In the early phase, blood pressure, hematocrit, body weight, and hypertensive vascular disease were characteristic of the malignant hypertensive process and were without significant difference in saline- and non-saline-treated animals. In contrast, the sham-operated rats remained normotensive and did not present abnormal histological findings. Plasma renin activity although decreased in the hypertensive saline-treated animals was not suppressed. In the chronic phase, NaCl administration caused an average increase of 40 g body weight during the 1-wk period this solution was given, but did not result in any improvement in blood pressure levels and vascular disease in treated rats compared to non-saline-treated animals.

Acute Disease↗