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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Hydrolytic endonucleolytic ribozyme (HYER): Systematic identification, characterization and potential application in nucleic acid manipulation.

Group II introns are transposable elements that can propagate in host genomes through the "copy and paste" mechanism. They usually comprise RNA and protein components for effective propagation. Recently, we found that some bacterial GII-C introns without protein components had multiple copies in their resident genomes, implicating their potential transposition activity. We demonstrated that some of these systems are active for hydrolytic DNA cleavage and proved their DNA manipulation capability in bacterial or mammalian cells. These introns are therefore named HYdrolytic Endonucleolytic Ribozymes (HYERs). Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the systematic identification and characterization of HYERs and present our perspectives on its potential application in nucleic acid manipulation.

RNA, Catalytic↗
PubMed1991

Lidocaine diffusion in five tissue expanders: an in vitro and in vivo study.

Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that tissue expanders are permeable to lidocaine. In this two-part study, we assessed the in vitro lidocaine diffusion in the following five common tissue expanders: Dow Corning, McGhan, Cox-Uphoff, Hyer-Schulte (Mentor), and Surgitek. In part 1, we demonstrated that wall thickness appeared to be the major determinant for diffusion. Part 2 reports an in vivo study of lidocaine diffusion from tissue expanders used for breast reconstruction. We initially determined that there is incomplete mixing between the valve and connecting tubing and the contents of the expanders, over the period of 1 week. We subsequently examined the lidocaine diffusion from seven tissue expanders placed in a submuscular position for breast reconstruction. The rate of lidocaine diffusion was highly variable, but on average was about 3% per day.

Diffusion↗
PubMed1975

The phase II urokinase-streptokinase pulmonary embolism trial: a national cooperative study.

The controlled clinical trials of thrombolytic agents in the United States have been carried out in two phases, under the auspices of the National Heart and Lung Institute. Phase I was devoted to the comparison of 12-hour Urokinase (12h-UK) followed by heparin (H) with heparin alone in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (Walsh et al. 1969). The results showed that pateints treated with UK had more rapid and gretaer resolution of pulmonary thromboemboli in the first twenty-four hours of therapy than patients treated with H alone, as assessed by serial pulmonary angiography, hemodynamics and lung scanning (The Urokinase Pulmonary Embolism Trial, 1970, 1973; Hyers et al. 1970). Because of the ralatively small size of the Trial and the low mor tality of treated pulmonary embolism, mortality differences were not sought-nor was one found. Although there was early difference in amount of clot resolution, patients treated with H alone showed similar improvement by two weeks. The phase II Urokinase-Streptokinase Pulmonary Embolism Trial (USPET) was begun to assess the comparative results of UK and Streptokinase (SK) therapy. Because of favorable results obtained with SK in other countries, it was deemed necessary to make this comparison (Browse and James, 1964; Hirsh et al. 1968; Miller et al. 1969, 1971; Chesterman et al. 1969). A third group, 12-hour UK, was added to relate this study (24-hour UK and SK) with the Phase I results which employed only a 12-hour infusion of UK. This Phase II Trial represents the first controlled, randomized study of UK and SK in thromboembolic disorders.

Angiography↗
PubMed1996

Effects of Outward Bound Experience as an adjunct to inpatient PTSD treatment of war veterans.

There is a paucity of studies on Outward Bound Experiences (OBE) with adult psychiatric populations and, more notably, with trauma victims. This study evaluates the efficacy of OBE as an adjunct to specialized inpatient PTSD treatment with survivors of chronic combat-related PTSD (N = 219) at two Veterans Administration Medical Centers. On several measures of PTSD and general adaptation, results showed that the five-day OBE did not differ from standard treatment of PTSD survivors. Two other issues were addressed: identification of successful and non-successful subjects as a result of OBE, and exploration of objective versus subjective measures among this chronic group. Finally, as a post-study analysis, inferred curative components of the OBE were discussed as each appeared to impact on the participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of length of hospitalization and readmission.

The present study investigated demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients in relation to the two criterion variables of length of hospitalization and readmission within 3 months of discharge. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified five variables as the optimal set of predictors for length of hospitalization: age, history of commitment, number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, recent employment history, and past history of suicidal behavior (R = .451). Regression analysis also identified six variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 3 months of discharge: type of discharge, number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, race, suicide attempt within 1 month prior to admission, subjective report of depression upon admission, and occupational level (R = .452). Implications of the findings for identifying short-term treatment candidates and factors related to readmission are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of readmission: a one-year follow-up.

Follows up an earlier investigation in which demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients were used to predict readmission within 3 months of discharge. In the initial study, stepwise multiple regression analysis identified six variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 3 months of discharge: type of discharge, number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, race, suicide attempt within 1 month of admission, subjective report of depression upon admission, and occupational level (R = .452). In the present study the same sample was followed up at 1 year after discharge, and demographic and clinical variables were used to predict readmission within 1 year of discharge. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified three variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 1 year of discharge: past history of suicidal behavior, subjective report of depression upon admission, and number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations. Changes in predictors as a function of length of follow-up period are considered, and implications of the findings for identifying high-risk readmission candidates are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Community adjustment of older schizophrenics.

Community adjustment among older schizophrenics is a virtually unresearched area. This study addressed two questions related to this problem: Does the community adjustment of older schizophrenics differ from that of younger schizophrenics?, and Do "older" old schizophrenics differ from "younger" old schizophrenics? Patients from 79 psychiatric wards across the country completed a self-rating adjustment scale within 5 days of admission to the hospital and again 3 months after discharge. Significant others rated these patients for adjustment also. For the first analysis two groups were selected: Those patients diagnosed schizophrenic and at least 55 years of age and those below the age of 55. A second analysis divided patients into "younger" old (between 55 and 60) and "older" old (greater than 60). Results show that older schizophrenics adjust about as well as those younger on self-ratings, but less well when rated by others. Also, "older" old schizophrenics adjust better than the "younger" old in both self- and significant other ratings. These findings are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Community adjustment among older depressives.

Depression is the most common emotional disorder of later life, yet there is much confusion and clinical speculation about it. Adjustment of later-life depressives after psychiatric treatment is virtually an unknown area, as is the phenomenon of depression itself with this population. This study addressed these two issues. Community adjustment of younger and older clinically depressed patients after treatment was monitored. Also, adjustment differences in self and other ratings were compared between the two age groups. Results show that there are no significant differences in posttreatment adjustment ratings between the age groups. In addition, it was found that older depressives with a longer history of depression adjust less well than expected. Lastly, older depressives (relative to younger ones), particularly neurotic ones, show the following pattern of adjustment: Less alienation, less vigor, less confidence in skills, poorer work history, less abuse of alcohol or drugs, more social constriction, more agitation, and fewer household management skills.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Older age research non-responders: an inpatient "profile".

Examined the differences between older research non-responders and older completers and between older research non-responders and younger ones. As part of a large cooperative Veterans Administration study, a sample of 619 older non-responders were compared to 964 older completers and also to 4,731 younger non-responders on basic demographic and treatment factors, as well as on self-rated adjustment dimensions. Among other factors, results show that older non-responders tend to be substance abusers, to be "loners," but have equal or better adjustment ratings than older completers; and among other variables, older non-responders tend to be "first timers" in psychiatric hospitals, to have greater treatment expectations, and to rate themselves with better adjustment in many areas relative to younger non-responders.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Older alcoholics: profile of decline.

Administered to 235 chronic alcoholics in an inpatient setting a standard psychological test battery 2 weeks after admission. Two analyses were calculated: A correlational analysis between age and the test variables and a comparison analysis between a younger (less than 50) and an older group. Results suggest that visual-spatial and constructional tasks, newer learning tasks, and secondary memory (and memory delay) show a more pronounced decline than do verbal or "left hemisphere" tasks. A sub-analysis of 30 younger and 30 older psychiatric patients further revealed that alcohol asserts a significant influence on decline in complex abstract tasks and on visual-spatial tasks (age is also a significant factor on visual-spatial tasks). This study re-validated previous findings using a more chronic alcohol population with standard psychological tests in a clinical setting.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Treatment characteristics of psychiatric programs that correlate with patient community adjustment.

This large Veterans Administration cooperative study sought to identify the ward milieu characteristics of effective psychiatric programs. It was developed as a multivariable, correlational study that involved systematic observations of program characteristics and outcome effectiveness of wards as they operated in their usual manner. Seventy-nine wards in 18 hospitals provided 11,283 patients eligible for follow-up. Eleven treatment characteristics were found to be correlated to patients' community adjustment 3 months after discharge. These characteristics were classified into five general categories: Patient-staff interaction, patient activities, medication practices, ward physical environment, and nursing staff rotation. The major conclusions are: wards do differ in their effectiveness as measured by ratings of patient posthospital adjustment; and treatment characteristics make a difference in program effectiveness as measured by patients' posthospital adjustment.

Aggression↗
PubMed1986

Older age treatment expectations.

The relationship between age and treatment expectation (TE) has been virtually ignored. This study assessed the TE and posthospital adjustment of 5,347 psychiatric patients, 4,361 younger (less than 55) and 986 older (greater than 55). Patients were evaluated on admission with self- and other rating adjustment scales and again at 3-months postdischarge. One factor in the self-rating scale included TE. Outcome measures involved posthospital adjustment (self- and other rated), both corrected and noncorrected for initial adjustment levels. Results show that TE rises with age. There is also some indication that higher TE leads to better adjustment. Older age and higher TE in combination, however, do not translate into better community adjustment. Also, differences between younger and older patients in TE are most pronounced in psychotics and in older patients not fully or currently employed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Treatment expectancy among psychiatric inpatients.

Treatment expectation (TE) is an important variable in treatment outcome. This study addressed two issues: The relationship of TE to treatment outcome and an identification of background and treatment variables most related to TE. As part of a cooperative study at 18 Veterans Administration Medical Centers on 79 general psychiatric wards, psychiatric inpatients were given the Veterans Adjustment Scale (VETS), and a significant other was mailed a Personal Adjustment and Role Skills Scale (PARS) at admission and 3 months after discharge. A Treatment Expectation measure was obtained from the VETS Scale at admission. Background and treatment factors also were obtained. Selected analyses controlled for the effects of patient input characteristics allowing for better outcome measures. Analyses also were cross validated. Results show that TE is related to treatment outcome and that a coterie of background and treatment variables are related to TE. Three factors especially influence TE-age, high vigor, and less alienation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

MMPI scales and subscales: patterns of older, middle-aged, and younger inpatients.

There has been virtually no research on the relationship of age and MMPI subscales, such as the Harris and Lingoes, Wiggins, Subtle/Obvious, and other specialized subscales. One hundred younger (less than or equal to 39), middle-aged (40-49), and older (greater than or equal to 50) psychiatric inpatients were compared on the basic 13 MMPI scales and 77 MMPI subscales. Results showed that, as a whole, older patients tended to respond more conservatively to these scales, to show less pathology, and to endorse fewer subtle/obvious items than the other age groups. They responded, however, lower on Dominance, on Hostility, and on Social Maladjustment. Later-life patients also endorsed differentially many of the Harris and Lingoes 4 and 6 subscales in the less pathological direction than did the other groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

MMPI overreporting by Vietnam combat veterans.

The MMPI-PTSD scale is the only psychometric measure that has been cross-validated on Vietnam veterans for the determination of PTSD. Despite this, there may be problems with this scale related to symptom exaggeration. Three groups of Vietnam inpatients (N = 75) were defined carefully by both clinical and actuarial methods--PTSD combat, Non-PTSD combat, and Non-combat. This study applied symptom exaggeration methods based on the MMPI obvious/subtle items and on the F scale to these groups. Results show that all the items of this scale are either obvious or neutral, that a carefully distinguished PTSD group differentially responds to these obvious and neutral items relative to other inpatient Vietnam groups, and that the F scale is exaggerated by the PTSD group. In addition, a separate analysis on an independent sample of 50 combat and 50 non-combat Vietnam veterans showed that the combat group endorsed the obvious items on selected scales by 20 T score points at higher rates than other groups. Caution in the use of the MMPI-PTSD scale is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Key determinants of the MMPI-PTSD subscale: treatment considerations.

Seventy-five "in country" Vietnam combat psychiatric inpatients were given a battery of measures upon admission to the medical center. These included the MMPI, VETS Adjustment Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, Rotter Locus of Control, Profile of Mood Scale, and a variation of the Figley Stress Scale that measures current stress. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was determined by the MMPI-PTSD subscale. Ten of the battery variables were used as predictors for a multiple regression analysis on the MMPI-PTSD subscale. Results yielded a multiple R of .89 for two predictors, Figley Stress Scale and Rotter Locus of Control (external). Patients with PTSD, therefore, suffer most from perceived and experienced current stressors and a low sense of control. Arguments are made for more present-centered and interpersonal strategies in the treatment of PTSD combat veterans.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

MMPI F-K index among hospitalized Vietnam veterans.

The F-K index of the MMPI has been used as a marker of symptom overreporting. One population for which previous research has shown this pattern is Vietnam in-country veterans with PTSD. This study assessed the F-K index on 515 inpatients: 329 Vietnam in-country and 186 Vietnam-era patients. Normative data on psychiatric inpatients were presented. Also, a special MMPI subscale (MMPI-PTSD), a measure to identify PTSD among these veterans, was used. Results showed that all Vietnam veterans, especially in-country veterans, overreport symptoms to a high degree. The overall mean for in-country vets was 7.3. Also, when the special MMPI-PTSD subscale was used, a vast majority of in-country veterans who were in the PTSD range had high F-K index scores. Dissimulation as a symptom of PTSD was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Treatment outcomes of Vietnam veterans with PTSD and the consistency of the MCMI.

This study addresses two issues: treatment changes on the MCMI of Vietnam veterans with PTSD and test-retest reliability of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). Fifty Vietnam veterans carefully were identified for the diagnosis Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). They were admitted to a Special PTSD Treatment Unit that consisted of an intense 5-week period with focus on the revivified Vietnam experience. They also were given the MCMI at two points in time, treatment inception and 35 days later at discharge. Results show that 17 of 20 scales on the MCMI changed in the negative direction as a result of treatment. Also, the MCMI has adequate test-retest reliability, and the personality scales (with the exception of Borderline) have higher reliability coefficients than do symptom scales. The use of the MCMI is encourged both as a monitor of treatment for these veterans and for its stability.

Combat Disorders↗