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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a patient-completed versus health professional-conducted medication history.

Medication histories are considered an essential component of clinical pharmacy practice, but they are time-consuming. A study was undertaken to determine how reliable and time-saving a patient-completed medication history form alone could prove to be compared with the amount of information recorded in the medical chart and with a pharmacist-patient form review. Within 24 hours of admission, the patient was given the form to fill out. The pharmacist returned 24 hours later and reviewed the form with the patient. Of 13 questions asked, the form was significantly superior in obtaining information to the chart in 11 and to the review in 6 (p less than 0.05 per question). The review rated better than the chart on all questions (p less than 0.05 per question). The amount of time required to hand out and review the form (mean 7.35 min) was not significantly different from the time required of a pharmacist to conduct a conventional medication history, according to the Canada Workload Measurement Study statistics. It can therefore be concluded that the patient-completed form is not an effective or time-saving method of conducting a medication history.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of the medical history.

Medical and dental interdisciplinary cooperation is critical in appropriate assessment of the medical history and the subsequent management of the medically compromised dental patient. This interdisciplinary, rather than multidisciplinary, cooperation must extend beyond the physician and include the patient, family, caregivers, therapists, and anyone else involved in the life of the particular individual. This article has discussed numerous medically compromising conditions that require cooperative efforts between dental health professionals and other health care professionals. Specific recommendations were made regarding certain medical problems that affect dental care. The patient with a medical condition has a significant disability affecting many facets of life, essentially no different than a person with a physical or mental disability. The critical activity on the part of the dentist in managing the medically compromised dental patient is the cognitive skill ability. Cognitive skills permit appropriate use of the proper technique and behavioral skills. Proper oral health care can contribute significantly to a person's quantity and quality of life. The concept of optimum dental treatment planning differs from ideal dental treatment planning but should not be considered compromised dental treatment planning. Finally, an evaluation tool, the DRAPE Scale, is a means to aid dental treatment planning for the medically compromised dental patient. Remember that optimum care may not be ideal and is influenced by patient-specific and situation-specific circumstances. When this approach to treatment is followed in the appropriate interdisciplinary fashion, the patient benefits, and an individual's quantity and quality of life should benefit. Dental care for the patient with medically compromising conditions can be difficult and infinitely challenging but ultimately rewarding.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1996

[Sixty years of society of medical history, Chinese Medical Association].

Being the earliest special Society under the CMA, the Society of Medical History was founded in 1935. The history of the 60 years since its establishment can be divided into 4 stages: the stage of foundation (1935-1952) in which solid works on academic exchanges, publications of monographs and Journal of Medical History, founding of museum and library, laid down the foundation for the later stages; the stage of continuous development (1952-1965) saw the moving of th Society office from Shanghai to Peking. The works in the 2 branch Societies in Peking and Shanghai were very active, with only little activity carried out at the national level; the third stage (1966-1979) was a stage of stagnation; the last stage (1979-1995) is a stage of rejuvenation and development. During this last stage, 8 national conferences, 1 international congress were sponsored, 16 local branches established, 500 members were included. Under the Society, there is a Head Group, under which there are 3 academic titles, viz. Society of Medical History, CMA, Group Membership of Chinese Association for History of Science and Technology, and Socieity of History of Chinese Medicine under the China Association of Traditional Chinese and Pharmacy.

China↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Previous medical history and medications as risk factors for hairy cell leukaemia.

To investigate the possible role of previous medical history and previous medications as risk factors for hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) we performed a population based case-control study on 121 male HCL patients and 484 controls. The data were collected through a self-administered mailed questionnaire. Elevated odds ratios (OR) were found for a history of appendicitis [OR 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-4.2] and pneumonia (OR 2.9; CI 0.9-9.6). We found a reduced risk for HCL associated with a history of myocardial infarction (OR 0.3; CI 0.4-2.5), hypertension (OR 0.6; CI 0.3-1.2) and thromboembolic disease (OR 0.6; CI 0.1-2.7). Reduced OR was also associated to a history of diabetes mellitus (OR 0.6; CI 0.1-2.9) and a diagnosis of hyperlipidemia (OR 0.8; CI 0.2-3.6). HCL is an indolent disease with a clinical course of many years and it can not be excluded that the disease leads to metabolic changes, resulting in a changed risk for these diagnoses. When the role of previous medications were investigated, increased OR was found for NSAID (OR 3.4; CI 1.1-10.2). Decreased OR was found for the anti-coagulative agent warfarin (OR 0.4; CI 0.1-1.5). A history of a previous malignancy preceeding the diagnosis of HCL as reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry yielded an increased OR of 3.2 (CI 1.2-8.5). All results must be interpreted with caution, as there is a possibility of misclassification. Medications is difficults to remember, particularly several years after consumption. As many comparisons were made, there is always a possibility of correlations occuring by chance.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed2000

The completeness of medication histories in hospital medical records of patients admitted to general internal medicine wards.

AIMS: Accurate recording of medication histories in hospital medical records (HMR) is important when patients are admitted to the hospital. Lack of registration of drugs can lead to unintended discontinuation of drugs and failure to detect drug related problems. We investigated the comprehensiveness of medication histories in HMR with regard to prescription drugs by comparing the registration of drugs in HMR with computerized pharmacy records obtained from the community pharmacy. METHODS: Patients admitted to the general ward of two acute care hospitals were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. We conducted an interview on drugs used just prior to hospitalization and extracted the medication history from the HMR. Pharmacy records were collected from the community pharmacists over a 1 year period before the admission. Drugs in the pharmacy records were defined as possibly used (PU-drugs) when they were dispensed before the admission date and had a theoretical enddate of 7 days before the admission date or later. If any PU-drug was not recorded in the HMR, we asked the patient whether they were using that drug or not. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 304 patients who had an average age of 71 (range 40-92) years. The total number of drugs according to the HMR was 1239, 43 of which were not used. When compared with the pharmacy records we found an extra 518 drugs that were not recorded in the HMR but were possibly in use. After verification with the patients, 410 of these were indeed in use bringing the total number of drugs in use to 1606. The type of drugs in use but not recorded in the HMR covered a broad spectrum and included many drugs considered to be important such as cardiovascular drugs (n = 67) and NSAIDs (n = 31). The percentages of patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-11 drugs not recorded in the HMR were 39, 28, 16, 8, 3.6 and 5.5, respectively. Of the 1606 drugs in use according to information from all sources, only 38 (2.4%) were not retrievable in the pharmacy records when the complete year prior to hospitalization was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The medication history in the hospital medical record is often incomplete, as 25% of the prescription drugs in use is not recorded and 61% of all patients has one of more drugs not registered. Pharmacy records from the community pharmacist can be used to obtain more complete information on the medication history of patients admitted to the hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of surrogate with self-respondents regarding medical history and prior medication use.

BACKGROUND: The self-report of medical history and medication use is a common feature of epidemiological research. METHODS: In a unique re-interview study, we evaluated the concordance of medical conditions and past medication use reported in two similar interviews 5 years apart. RESULTS: In 196 re-interviews with the subjects themselves, and in 107 with next-of-kin of subjects who died after the first interview, agreement was good or excellent (kappa > or =0.40) for 90% (9/10) of the conditions asked about in the personal medical history for both next-of-kin and self-respondents. Agreement was excellent (kappa >0.75) for two conditions, high blood pressure and hysterectomy, among self-respondents. Self- and surrogate respondents also showed similar reproducibility for prescription medications, but next-of-kin respondents tended to have poor agreement (kappa <0.40) for over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as antacids, antihistamines, and analgesics. Next-of-kin also less reliably reported a family history of cancer. When analyses were stratified by type of surrogate respondent, concordance between the two interviews was generally higher for spouses than for other surrogate respondents. CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrates that personal medical history and prescription medication use may be as reliably reported by next-of-kin as self-respondents, but suggests that additional information may be needed to validate measures of OTC medication use and family history of cancer for next-of-kin respondents, possibly through the review of hospital records.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Epidemiology of aplastic anemia in France: a case-control study. I. Medical history and medication use. The French Cooperative Group for Epidemiological Study of Aplastic Anemia.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare, severe disease of mainly unknown origin. Numerous case history reports have incriminated drugs in the etiology of this disease. Because those reports were questionable, a case-control study was conducted in France between 1985 and 1988. Cases selected from the national register were eligible for inclusion when at least two blood lineages were depressed (hemoglobin < or = 10 g/100 mL and reticulocytes < or = 50 x 10(9)/L, granulocytes < or = 1.5 x 10(9)/L, platelets < or = 100 x 10(9)/L) and when the bone marrow biopsy was compatible with the disease. Using a standardized questionnaire, trained investigators interviewed one AA patient and two groups of controls (two hospitalized patients and one neighbor of the AA patient) matched for age, sex, and interviewer. One hundred forty-seven AA patients, 287 hospitalized controls, and 108 neighbors were interviewed. The occurrence of AA was analyzed by matched design with relation to medical history and drug use during the last 5 years, and specifically during the last year. Three times as many AA patients reported having suffered from clinical hepatitis during the last 6 months than either type of control. Similarly, a higher proportion of AA patients reported a history of chronic immune disorder, mainly rheumatoid arthritis (odds ratio of 6.8), and a previous use of gold salts and D-penicillamine in the 5 previous years (odds ratio of 4.9 for each drug). An excess of colchicine and allo/thiopurinol intake in the 5 previous years was observed among the AA patients (odds ratio equal to 4.1 and 3.6, respectively). These results for gold salts, D-penicillamine, and colchicine were confirmed when looking for drug use within the last year. A moderate risk was associated with acetaminophen or salicylate intake during the 5 previous years or during the last year (odds ratio between 1.8 and 2.0). The frequent use of salicylates within the last year was associated with a high risk of AA (odds ratio of 5.0). A high risk was also associated with indolic derivative intake but only when comparing AA patients to neighbor controls. No association could be evidenced with diclofenac intake, whatever the control group. Differences observed with recently published studies suggest that targeted studies on each category of drugs according to the treated pathologies should be initiated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Pilot medical history and medications found in post mortem specimens from aviation accidents.

INTRODUCTION: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations require pilots to report all medications and medical conditions for review and consideration as to the overall suitability of the pilot for flight activities. METHODS: Specimens were collected by local pathologists from aviation accidents and sent to the Bioaeronautical Sciences Research Laboratory for analysis. The results of such tests were entered into the Forensic Case Management System. This database was searched to identify all pilots found positive for medications used to treat cardiovascular, psychological, or neurological conditions over the period January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2003. RESULTS: Toxicological evaluations were performed on 4143 pilots. Psychotropic drugs were found in 223 pilots. Cardiovascular medications were found in 149 pilots. Neurological medications were found in 15 pilots. Pilots reported psychological conditions in 14 of the 223 pilots found positive for psychotropic drugs. Only 1 of the 14 pilots reporting a psychological condition to the FAA reported the psychotropic medication found after the accident. Cardiovascular disease was reported by 69 of the pilots found with cardiovascular drugs in their system. Cardiovascular medications found in the pilots were reported by 29 of the 69 pilots reporting a cardiovascular condition. Only 1 of the 15 pilots reported having a neurological condition to the FAA; none of the pilots found with neurological medications reported the medication. CONCLUSIONS: Toxicology successfully identified 93% of the medications reported by the pilots. Pilots involved in fatal accidents taking psychotropic or neurological medications rarely reported the medication or their underlying medical condition to the FAA.

Accidents, Aviation↗