[Serological relations of types 1 and 2 of Herpesvirus hominis to Herpesvirus simiae].
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Herpesviridae↗
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Inhibitory activity of tannic acid and flavonols on the infectivity of Herpesvirus hominis and Herpesvirus suis.
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Antiviral Agents↗
Resistance of female mice to vaginal infection induced by Herpesvirus hominis type 2: effects of immunization with Mycobacterium bovis, intravenous injection of specific Herpesvirus hominis type 2 antiserum, and a combination of these procedures.
The susceptibility of 4- to 6-week-old female white Swiss mice to intravaginal inoculation with Herpesvirus hominis type 2 (HVH2) and the effect of prior intravenous immunization with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and/or treatment with specific HVH2 antiserum (SAS) were investigated. Mice inoculated intravaginally developed vaginitis, posterior paralysis, encephalitis, and death. Prior immunization with BCG either had no effect or appeared in some cases to enhance the course of the disease, whereas a single 0.5-ml intravenous injection of SAS provided significant protection. However, synergistic interaction of BCG immunization and treatment with SAS produced the greatest degree of protection in mice challenged intravaginally with HVH2.
Age Factors↗
Relation of herpesvirus hominis type II to carcinoma of the cervix. An animal model for the induction of long-term latency of herpesvirus hominis type II.
Proof of latency of herpesvirus hominis type II (HVH-II) following acute vaginocervical infection must be validated if it is to be considered an etiologic factor in carcinoma of the cervix. An animal model is presented which demonstrates acute HVH-II vaginocervical infection. Following the primary acute infection, animals maintained for an equivalent of 60 human years display persistance of the herpesvirus in the pelvic sensory ganglia. Evidence of the specificity of HVH-II as the infectious agent is presented.
Acute Disease↗
Acute respiratory disease of university students with special reference to the etiologic role of Herpesvirus hominis.
Infections with Herpesvirus hominis type 1 were associated with 11.5% of acute respiratory illnesses of university students who were admitted to the student infirmary over a 6-year period. Over three-quarters of these infections were detected in students with pharyngitis or tonsillitis; 42% had ulcerated lesions on tonsils or posterior pharynx but only 11% had lesions in the anterior portion of the mouth or lips. Almost all of the H. hominis infections were accompanied by significant rises in neutralizing antibodies and few students had detectable antibodies in the initial serum collected during the acute phase of illness. Special studies revealed herpes-specific IgM antibodies in the early convalescent sera of some of these patients. The data demonstrate that 80% of the infections detected were primary infections with H. hominis. Only 30% of university students possessed neutralizing antibodies to H. hominis and about 10% of those without antibodies acquired antibodies each year. These data suggest that the majority of persons from middle income families reach young adulthood without acquiring infections of H. hominis and the spread of the virus requires close and intimate contact.
Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Synergistic effects of antiviral agents and humoral antibodies in experimental Herpesvirus hominis encephalitis.
Experimental Herpesvirus hominis encephalitis in 3-week-old Swiss mice was utilized to evaluate the antiviral effects of adenine arabinoside (ara-A), phosphonacetic acid (PAA), and humoral antibodies to H. hominis (HIG). Administration of ara-A, PAA, or HIG during the early phase of infection reduced the mortality rate of H. hominis encephalitis in mice. Combined administration of humoral antibodies with an antiviral agent (ara-A or PAA) resulted in an enhanced protection, accompanied by a decreased virus concentration in the brain tissues and a diminished tissue injury. The generality of this enhancing effect of humoral antibodies on the action of antiviral agents and its possible use in therapy of viral infections warrant further investigation.
Animals↗
Neonatal risk following late gestational genital herpesvirus hominis infection.
Five women developed genital herpesvirus hominis (herpes simplex virus) infection beyond 32 week's gestation. Two of the women had fresh vesicular lesions at parturition. The five infants were delivered per vaginum at term and escaped subsequent overt herpesvirus hominis infection, although a scalp lesion in one infant was dismissed as inconsequential and disappeared without virologic study. Examination of the infants two months to four years after birth failed to detect sequelae of possible subclinical infection.
Child, Preschool↗
Herpesvirus hominis type II infections in asymptomatic pregnant women.
This study was designed to determine the incidence of previous and current herpesvirus hominis Type II infections in asymptomatic pregnant women. Sera were obtained from 985 patients for detection of Type I and II herpesvirus hominis antibodies. In addition 770 cervical and 211 amniotic fluid cultures for herpesvirus hominis Type II were performed. Identification of previous herpesvirus hominis infection was determined in 352 patients (35.7%) by calculation of a Type II/I antibody index of 85 or greater. Type II herpesvirus hominis was isolated from five cervical cultures for a 0.65% antepartum incidence of infection. None of the amniotic fluid cultures demonstrated virus. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Adolescent↗
Natural genital herpesvirus hominis infection in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes and Pan paniscus).
Type 2 Herpesvirus hominis was isolated from pustulovesicular lesions on the external genitalia of two chimpanzees. Histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens from both animals revealed typical herpetic changes which included necrosis, superficial ulceration acute inflammatory cell infiltration, multinucleated syncytial giant cells, and intranuclear inclusions. Large numbers of herpes-type viruses were demonstrated by electron microscopy in biopsy specimens from both animals. Serologic studies also demonstrated infection of these animals with Herpesvirus hominis.
Animals↗
Observed relationship between herpetic lesions and antigenic type of Herpesvirus hominis.
Of 171 available strains of Herpesvirus hominis isolated in this laboratory during the period 1950 to 1975, 166 could be readily typed as HV-1 or HV-2 by indirect immunofluorescence, while 5 have so far been untypable. Of 72 typable isolates from genitalia and nearby skin, all were HV-2. Of 81 typable isolates from mouth, eye or skin above the waist, 68(84%) were HV-1 and 13(16%) were HV-2. Of isolates from the eye only, 46 of 54(87%) were HV-1, 7(13%) were HV-2, and 1 could not be typed. When sera were available for herpesvirus antibody titrations, the pattern of antibody response tended to match the type of isolate. Clinical findings of 5 of the individuals with ocular herpes caused by HV-2 have been reviewed. The HV-2 infections appeared to be severe, typical herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, sometimes with deep infiltrates and stromal involvement.
Animals↗
Simultaneous isolation of herpesvirus hominis type 2 and cytomegalovirus from the genital tract of a woman.
Herpesvirus hominis and cytomegalovirus are closely related deoxyribonucleic acid viruses which have been isolated from the genital tract. This report describes the simultaneous isolation of Herpesvirus hominis type 2 and cytomegalovirus from the genital tract of a woman preceded by the isolation of cytomegalovirus from the semen and a probable herpetic penile infection in her sexual partner.
Adolescent↗
Isolation and characterisation of two strains of Herpesvirus hominis type 1 from fallopian tubes.
Herpesvirus hominis type 1 (HSV-1) was isolated from fallopian-tube biopsies of two women who were using an intra-uterine contraceptive device; the strains were isolated on different dates and at different hospitals. Both the isolates were shown to be HSV-1 by restriction-enzyme analysis, polypeptide profiles and indirect immuno fluorescence; the two isolates could not be distinguished by these tests, but the tests distinguished them from HSV-1 strain 71-15 and HSV-2 strain 333. The viruses were again isolated from samples of fallopian-tube tissue stored in liquid nitrogen, and their polypeptide and restriction-enzyme profiles were the same as those in the initial isolates. Virus was not isolated from fallopian-tube samples obtained from other IUD patients undergoing surgery at the same two hospitals at the same time.
Biopsy↗
Herpesvirus hominis: isolation from human trigeminal ganglion.
Herpesvirus hominis was isolated from the trigeminal ganglion obtained at autopsy from 1 of 22 patients with no clinical evidence of active herpetic disease, and from one patient with malignant lymphoma who died with herpes zoster on the abdomen, pulmonary cytomegalic inclusion disease, and possible oral herpes simplex. Virus was isolated by cocultivation of explants of ganglion with monolayers of Vero green monkey kidney cells and required 3 weeks of culture before viral cytopathic effects were evident. These observations support the concept that latent infection of sensory ganglia may be the source of virus in recurrent herpetic disease in man.
Adolescent↗
Thymidine kinase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with Herpesvirus hominis encephalitis.
The rabbit model of Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) encephalitis was utilized to determine whether thymidine (TdR) kinase (EC. 2.7.1.2.1), AN EARLY ENZYME IN THe HVH replicative cycle, is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits with HVH encephalitis. The mean TdR kinase activity in CSF from infected rabbits was 2.30 plus or minus 1.69 pmol product/120 min/100 mul CSF, while the mean TdR kinase activity of uninfected CSF was 0.34 plus or minus 0.25. The enzyme appeared to be cell associated since the TdR kinase activity in the sedimented cell suspension was 5.08 plus or minus 2.93 (seven values) while the supernatant activity was 0.14 plus or minus 0.31 (seven values). To allow a comparison of TdR kinase from infected rabbit CSF with HVH and rabbit mononuclear cell TdR kinase, the mean ratio of TdR kinase activity at pH 6.0/pH 8.0, for infected rabbit CSF is intermediate between the ratio for HVH TdR kinase (P less than 0.001) and rabbit mononuclear cell TdR kinase (P less than 0.05).
Animals↗
Immunofluorescent staining for the measurement of antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis.
Frozen sections of Herpesvirus hominis-inoculated mouse brain provide excellent antigens for indirect immunofluorescent staining of antibodies to H. hominis in serum. Indirect immunofluorescent staining is a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible method for the measurement of antibodies to H. hominis. The method can be applied to the clinical and epidemiological studies of H. hominis infections.
Animals↗
Herpesvirus hominis hepatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Occurrence in an adult with pemphigus vulgaris.
Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) hepatitis, a rarely recognized manifestation of HVH infection in adults, occurred in a 36-year-old woman who had received prednisone therapy for pemphigus vulgaris continuously for seven years. After an acute terminal illness that was characterized by fulminant hepatic failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), postmortem examination disclosed massive hepatic necrosis. Herpesvirus hominis (type 1) was isolated from the liver. The association of disseminated HVH infection with impaired immunologic defenses, as well as the occurrence of DIC in association with acute hepatic failure, are discussed. Greater awareness of the clinical manifestations of HVH hepatitis should lead to early diagnosis, although sucessful modes of therapy await development.
Adolescent↗
Herpesvirus hominis type 2 meningoencephalitis following renal transplantation.
Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) type 2 meningoencephalitis, confirmed by isolation of the virus from cerebrospinal fluid and brain biopsy specimens, is described in a 44 year old man following renal transplantation. An HVH type 2 genital infection developed two weeks after renal transplantation, which was followed by meningoencephalitis 10 days later. Subsequently an intracerebral hemorrhage developed with evidence of diffuse vasculitis on arteriography. In a second transplant patient a similar clinical syndrome also developed after an HVH type 2 genital infection, but viral studies were not made to confirm the etiology of the meningoencephalitis. HVH has been recognized as a cause ot mucocutaneous diseases in recipients of renal transplants, but involvement of the central nervous system has not been reported.
Adult↗
Herpesvirus hominis (type 1) proctitis.
Herpes proctitis from Herpesvirus hominis type 1 is probably an underrecognized cause of rectal pain and inflammation. Extreme anal pain and a purulent rectal discharge in a heterosexual man led to the appropriate diagnosis. Clinicians should be more aware of herpes as a cause of proctitis.
Herpes Simplex↗