Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “HERPES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Orofacial herpes and other localizations (genital herpes and neonatal herpes excluded)].

BACKGROUND: Herpes is a pandemic infection in the human species. The purpose of this work was to conduct a critical analysis of the literature devoted to the pathophysiology and treatment of orofacial herpes an other localizations (genital herpes and neonatal herpes excluded). METHODS: We searched for articles in English and French devoted to orofacial herpes and other herpetic localizations indexed in Medline (1980-July 001), EmBase, and the Cochrane Library (1995-July 2001). Critical analysis was based on level of proof using the ANAES methodology. RESULTS: More than 700 articles were identified. One hundred four were selected for this report. Primary HSV1 infection usually occurred before adulthood and involved acute gingivo-stomatitis in the majority of the cases. Several primary HIV1 infections were asymptomatic or aspecific and non-recognized. After the primary infection, the virus remains in the ganglion of the trigeminal nerve in a latent state and can be reactivated sporadically. Reactivation is associated with viral excretion and can be symptomatic (herpetic recrudescence) or not (recurrence). Recrudescence of orofacial herpes is typically labial. No currently available vaccine can prevent acquisition of HSV1. Treatment of acute gingivostomatitis has been standardized and is based on aciclovir. Inversely, the effectiveness of aciclovir and other nucleoside analogs with anti-herpes activity has not been clearly established for prevention or cure of recrudescence of orofacial herpes. Other localizations (hand, anus, diffuse skin localizations in contact sports, Kaposi-Juliusberg syndrome) are much more exceptional. Treatment has not been standardized. DISCUSSION: Despite the abundance of the literature on orofacial herpes, consistent quality is lacking, particularly concerning therapeutic studies. The quality of these reports is generally inferior to those devoted to genital herpes. There has however been a general trend towards improved methodology over the last years. Very little has been reported on exceptional localizations of orofacial herpes.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1997

Routine detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus by polymerase chain reaction reveals that initial herpes zoster is frequently misdiagnosed as herpes simplex.

The differential diagnosis of herpes simplex and zoster may require virological confirmation, yet virus typing is not regarded as necessary in routine dermatological assessment. In an attempt to evaluate the clinical benefits of the routine detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), we analysed skin swabs from 110 patients who were diagnosed at the first clinical visit as having herpes simplex (n = 45) or zoster (n = 65). Viruses were typed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the general primer pair GPHV-RU. PCR analysis showed that at the initial clinical presentation, herpes simplex in these patients was not mistaken for zoster but that zoster was incorrectly diagnosed as herpes simplex in nine cases. Thus these results suggest that initial zoster often mimics herpes simplex, hence routine PCR diagnosis of HSV and VZV or alternative rapid diagnostic approaches may be beneficial in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Signification and limitations of virology diagnostic tools in herpes facialis, herpes genitalis, herpes gestationis and in neonates at risk].

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneomucous herpes is frequent in humans. Laboratory confirmation of clinical diagnosis is important, as there are atypical presentations in genital herpes. METHODS: The review of the French and English literature on virological diagnosis of herpes simplex, indexed in Medline (1990-2001), Embase and Cochran Library (1995-2001) was carried out. RESULTS: 172 publications were selected, and 125 of them were used for this work. The current methods to diagnose herpes in cutaneous lesions are detection of antigens by immunofluorescence or ELISA, culture and PCR. The sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnostic methods are directly linked to the quality of the sampling. Antigen detection is a rapid method, but lacks sensitivity. Culture (the gold standard) is sensitive but sometimes the detection of the virus requires several days. Most of the PCR procedures developed are individual non standardized "in house methods. However, the rapidity and sensitivity of this latter technic make it very useful. Serology allows determination of the immune status of the patients. The development of type specific serology had lead to numerous seroepidemiological studies demonstrating that genital herpes due to HSV2 has increased in most of the countries. CONCLUSION: Rapid and sensitive methods are available for the diagnosis of cutaneous herpes in virological laboratories. However, questions remain for the acceptance of PCR and type specific serology in routine diagnosis. These two technics still have to be standardised before being widely used.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Cell-mediated immune responses in patients with recurrent Herpes Simplex infections. II. Infection-associated deficiency of lymphokine production in patients with recurrent herpes labialis or herpes progenitalis.

Herpes simplex virus antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) and lymphocyte-derived interferon were studied in normal individuals and patients with recurrent Herpes labialis and Herpes progenitalis. Virus-specific lymphoproliferative responses were regularly detected in patients with recurrent infection irrespective of the clinical stage of infection. In contrast, transient deficiencies in herpes-specific lymphoid production of both LMIF and interferon were regularly documented at the time of and immediately before herpes simplex-induced vesicular eruptions. During the convalescence, pronounced production of these mediators in response to antigenic stimulation with inactivated virus antigen preparations were regularly detected. The biology of these fluctuations in lymphokine production is evaluated and discussed.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Protection of guinea pigs against primary and recurrent genital herpes infections by immunization with live heterologous or homologous Herpes simplex virus: implications for a herpes virus vaccine.

Guinea pigs, inoculated intravaginally with HSV type 2 develop a primary and spontaneously recurring genital herpes with clinical symptoms resembling genital herpes in humans. The effect of a previous infection with either HSV type 1 or HSV type 2 on the clinical course of the intravaginal challenge infection was studied. Prior infection with either subtype of HSV moderated considerably the acute disease induced by intravaginal HSV type 2 challenge. No effect was, however, observed on the development of the chronic phase of the challenge infection. The significance of these studies for the possibility of vaccination against recurrent herpes infections is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A prospective study of the relationship between genital herpes and carcinoma of the uterine cervix. I. Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in women with a previous history of clinically diagnosed genital herpes.

The development of a simple, sensitive and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the exact titration of herpes simplex virus type 1 -- and type 2 -- specific antibodies in human serum has made it possible to perform large serological HSV type-specific diagnosis of clinical cases of post and present genital HSV infections. The distribution of HSV type-specific IgG antibody in 473 sera from women with a first episode of symptomatic genital herpes (group A), 602 sera from women with a previous history of symptomatic genital herpes (group B) and 945 sera from non-selected adult Danes (controls, group C) gave the following results: 34 percent of the women in group B had antibodies only to HSV type compared to 6 and 4 percent in group A and C respectively. 64 percent of women in group A were sero-negative, while only 9 and 18 percent sero-negative were found in group B and C respectively. A majority of the sero-negative in group A seroconverted. One third developed antibodies to HSV type 1 and two thirds to HSV type 2.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1993

The herpes-specific immune response of individuals with herpes-associated erythema multiforme compared with that of individuals with recurrent herpes labialis.

Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common precipitating factor in the development of erythema multiforme (EM). It is not known why only a few of the many individuals who experience recurrent HSV infection also develop herpes-associated EM (HAEM), although a difference in the HSV-specific immune response has been postulated. The purpose of this study was to compare the HSV-specific immune response of individuals with HSV infection alone with that of individuals with HAEM. There were 21 patients in each of the two groups. Four parameters of the HSV-specific immune response were examined: (1) anti-HSV IgG titers were measured by ELISA; (2) antibody neutralization was assessed using a plaque assay; and (3) antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity, and (4) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were investigated using a previously described in vitro HSV-specific cytotoxicity assay. No statistically significant differences were detected between the two patient groups. Thus, a difference in these HSV-specific immune mechanisms does not explain the development of HAEM in some individuals with recurrent HSV infection.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanisms for the therapeutic effect of herpes polyvaccines in chronic ophthalmic herpes and genital herpes].

Commercial inactivated culture polyvaccine against herpes simplex viruses (types 1 and 2) developed at D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology promoted cessation of viremia. During the first vaccination viremia coincided with appearance of a focal allergic test on the retina, which is proposed for the diagnosis of herpetic involvement of the posterior compartment of the eye. T-cellular immunity normalized after a course of vaccination. Experimental immunization of rats and vaccination of patients with chronic ophthalmic and genital herpes demonstrated the therapeutic activity of inactivated herpetic polyvaccine in suppositoria.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Passive transfer of anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies protect against herpes simplex virus type 1-induced but not herpes simplex virus type 2-induced stromal keratitis.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether passive transfer of antibodies to viral glycoproteins would protect against herpes simplex virus type 2-induced stromal keratitis. METHODS: Balb/c mice were infected on the scarified cornea with herpes simplex virus types 1 or 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively), and monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies were administered intraperitoneally 24 hr later. Eyes were monitored for corneal opacity. Flow cytometry was used to examine the expression of glycoproteins on the surface of HSV-infected cells. RESULTS: Passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies to viral glycoproteins gB, gD, or gE or anti-HSV-2 hyperimmune serum were all highly effective (P < 0.005) at preventing blinding disease induced by HSV-1. In contrast, none of the antibody preparations could prevent stromal keratitis when the animals were challenged with various HSV-2 strains. However, antibody treatment could prevent the development of fatal encephalitis in the majority of HSV-2 infected hosts. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that gD and gB expression on the membranes of HSV-2 infected corneal epithelial cells isolated from excised corneas was substantially less (P < 0.005) than that detected on HSV-1 infected cells at both 24 and 48 hours postinfection. This antigenic difference was not due to the failure of HSV-2 to replicate in corneal epithelial cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased levels of membrane glycoprotein antigen expression may be one factor contributing to the refractiveness of HSV-2-induced ocular disease to humoral immunotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genital herpes with special emphasis on perinatal herpes simplex virus infection].

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of genital herpes is increasing worldwide and at present herpes simplex virus type 2 is the most common cause of genital ulceration all over the world. CLASSIFICATION: The International Herpes Management Forum (IHMF) was established in 1993, suggesting a new classification of genital herpes: primary genital herpes, non-primary genital herpes, recurrent genital herpes, first episode genital herpes, atypical genital herpes and asymptomatic HSV (herpes simplex virus) infection. DIAGNOSIS: Clinical diagnosis of genital herpes should be confirmed by laboratory techniques, whereas a positive HSV culture is the best test for confirming the clinical diagnosis. Serological testing, including Western blot assay, is not the method of choice for diagnosis genital herpes. THERAPY: Management of patients with genital herpes must include various antiviral drugs (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famiclovir), but also must take into consideration the patients' clinical and emotional issues. Patients with few recurrences are best managed with episodic antiviral therapy, but those with more frequent recurrences may find a long term suppressive therapy more beneficial. Herpes simplex virus is acquired during labor in about 90% of neonatal herpes virus cases with direct contact with infected maternal genital secretions, in 5% of cases in utero (ascending infection or transplacentary) and in another 5% of cases HSV is acquired post partum. Herpes simplex virus infection includes skin infection, eye and mouth manifestations, CNS diseases and disseminated disease with multiorgan involvement. CONCLUSION: In order to reduce the risk of HSV transmission to the infant IHMF has suggested management of pregnant women with primary genital herpes: delivery by Caesarean section between 34th week and term. Acyclovir treatment may reduce the viral load at delivery, but before this can generally be recommended, more data are still required.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Mapping of a herpes simplex virus type 2-encoded function that affects the susceptibility of herpes simplex virus-infected target cells to lysis by herpes simplex virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

A function(s) involved in the altered susceptibility of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-infected cells to specific lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes was mapped in the S component of HSV-2 DNA by using HSV-1 X HSV-2 intertypic recombinants (RH1G44, RS1G25, R50BG10, A7D, and C4D) and HSV-1 MP. Target cells infected with R50BG10, A7D, and C4D exhibited reduced levels of cytolysis, as did HSV-2-infected cells, whereas RH1G44 and RS1G25 recombinant-infected and HSV-1 MP-infected cells showed levels of lysis equal to that of HSV-1 KOS-infected cells. The intertypic recombinants R50BG10, RS1G25, RH1G44, and HSV-1 MP induced cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Coinfection of cells with HSV-1 KOS and either HSV-2 186 or R50BG10 recombinant also resulted in a decrease in the level of specific lysis by anti-HSV cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

High prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in acute retinal necrosis syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus in Japan.

PURPOSE: To determine the type of herpes simplex virus in acute retinal necrosis syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus. METHODS: Herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus were examined by polymerase chain reaction in intraocular specimens from 16 patients with acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 and anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 type-specific antibodies in serum from the patients were detected by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Of 16 patients with acute retinal necrosis syndrome, seven were polymerase chain reaction positive for herpes simplex virus type 2 and nine were positive for varicella-zoster virus. Anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody was positive and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 antibody was negative in the sera of the seven patients with herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA-positive acute retinal necrosis syndrome. In contrast, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody was absent in all nine varicella-zoster virus DNA-positive acute retinal necrosis syndrome patients. CONCLUSION: Herpes simplex virus type 2 has been demonstrated to be the major causative agent in acute retinal necrosis syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus by molecular biological and serological methods. Negative preexisting anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 antibody may play an important role in acute retinal necrosis syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus type 2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Herpes zoster and recurrent herpes simplex.

87 patients with the clinical diagnosis of herpes zoster were seen during a one-year period in 8 general practices in Glasgow, the rate per 1 000 practice population being approximately 2.4. Of these, 78 (90%) had serological evidence of active infection with herpes zoster. A history of recurrent herpes simplex was obtained in 25 (32%) of the 78 patients with confirmed herpes zoster; 63 (81%) of these 78 had complement-fixing (CF) antibodies to herpes simplex. Thus, latent herpes simplex infection did not prevent herpes zoster nor modify the severity of herpes zoster. In most of the patients CF antibodt to varicella-zoster was not detected within 5 days from appearance of the rash. After the acute phase of the illness CF antibody titres fell fairly rapidly, the geometric mean titre being 189 at 2-4 weeks after the rash, 27 from 3-6 months, and 8 from 12-18 months. The rapid rise and decline in CF antibody after herpes zoster infection compared with the unchanging CF titres associated with recurrent herpes simplex infection suggest that varicella-zoster and herpes simplex virus differ in their mechanism of latency.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An appraisal of screening for maternal type-specific herpes simplex virus antibodies to prevent neonatal herpes.

Almost all neonatal herpes simplex virus infections occur as a result of first-episode maternal infection during late pregnancy when delivery occurs before the development of protective maternal antibodies. Screening of pregnant women for the presence of type-specific herpes simplex virus antibodies has therefore been suggested as a means of identifying women vulnerable to herpes simplex virus acquisition and subsequent transmission of herpes simplex virus to their neonates. Couples in whom herpes simplex virus serotype discordance is identified could be counseled regarding sexual behavior modification to avoid maternal herpes simplex virus infection. However, the ramifications of routine screening for herpes simplex virus susceptibility during pregnancy could be profound in terms of costs, prenatal care delivery, and even social duress. The recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of type-specific herpes simplex virus antibody assays for clinical use lends temporal urgency to the need for a critical examination of the relevant data. After we performed such an evaluation and created a decision analysis model to assess the potential cost-effectiveness of herpes simplex virus antibody screening, we concluded that screening for maternal type-specific herpes simplex virus antibodies cannot be recommended to prevent neonatal herpes.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1995

[Incidence of herpes zoster in pediatricians and history of reexposure to varicella-zoster virus in patients with herpes zoster].

We found that pediatricians have enhanced specific cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) compared with the general population, which may be due to reexposure to VZV from children with chickenpox. There have been some reported that the varicella vaccine enhance the specific cellular immunity. To estimate the efficacy of varicella vaccine for protection against herpes zoster in the elderly, we investigated the incidence of herpes zoster in 500 pediatricians and family practitioners with their fifties and sixties, and history of reexposure to VZV in 61 patients with herpes zoster by questionnaires retrospectively. Thirty-four of 352 pediatricians had a past history of herpes zoster. The incidence per 100,000 person-years of herpes zoster was 65.2 in those in their fifties and 158.2 in those in their sixties, which are 1/2 to 1/8 of other reports regarding the general population. Among 61 immunocompetent patients with herpes zoster, only 4 patients (6.6%) had the chance for reexpose to VZV before their herpes zoster. Only 7 (17.5%) of the 40 patients older than 50 years of age lived with their children less than 14 years of age. Twenty-three (57.5%) of them lived without their children and grandchildren. They are thought to be less chance to reexpose to VZV through children. We may think that the booster effect by reexposure to VZV plays an important role to prevent herpes zoster. Therefore, we can speculate that the varicella vaccine may protect against herpes zoster in the elderly by the enhanced specific cellular immunity due to the booster effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Asymptomatic reactivation of herpes simplex virus in women after the first episode of genital herpes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency, anatomic site, and host factors associated with asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus after initial episodes of genital herpes. DESIGN: Cohort study with follow-up for a median of 63 weeks. SETTING: Referral clinic. PATIENTS: Women (306) with first episode of herpes; 43 had primary herpes simplex virus type 1, and 227 and 36 had primary and nonprimary herpes simplex virus type 2, respectively. MEASUREMENTS: Cultures were obtained for herpes simplex virus every 4 to 6 weeks at times in which genital lesions and symptoms were not present. MAIN RESULTS: Asymptomatic shedding was detected among 11.9%, 18.3%, and 22.9% of women with primary herpes simplex virus type 1, primary HSV type 2, and nonprimary HSV type 2, respectively. Among patients with type 2 infection, previous type 1 antibody was associated with a lower rate of asymptomatic vulvar shedding. Asymptomatic cervical shedding was 3 times more frequent during the first three months after resolution of primary type 2 disease than during later time periods. In contrast, the rate of symptomatic recurrent herpes did not change over time. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic genital herpes simplex type 2 is more common than type 1. Asymptomatic genital shedding occurs more often during the first 3 months after acquisition of primary type 2 disease than during later periods. Patients with HSV type 2 should be advised of this high early rate of asymptomatic shedding and of potential transmission to sexual partners.

Adult↗