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Results for “HEPATITIS, INFECTIONS”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

HDL-cholesterol--a sensitive parameter of hepatic function in infective hepatitis.

HDL-cholesterol was estimated along with other biochemical parameters of hepatic function in infective hepatitis. Infective hepatitis was characterized by significantly decreased levels of HDL-cholesterol. Follow up studies indicated a good correlation of changes in HDL-cholesterol to severity of disease in all the cases whereas standard liver function tests showed equivocal changes in some cases. HDL-cholesterol may serve as a sensitive indicator of hepatic function in infective hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

HIV Infection, hepatitis C infection, and HAART: hard clinical choices.

Abnormalities in hepatic function have become one of the most common complications occurring among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and liver disease has become an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. We present a case of a patient with HIV infection and hepatotoxicity that exemplifies the complications currently observed during the treatment of such patients. Hepatotoxicity can be a result of several factors, including a direct effect of HAART, substance abuse, and coinfection with either hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus. Imaging studies may be helpful in determining the etiology; however, a liver biopsy is often necessary to be able to more accurately determine the relative contributions of different processes. Although coinfection with HCV and HIV has become a common clinical problem, optimal treatment of such patients remains to be defined and must be individualized to maximize benefit and tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Chronic hepatitis infected with hepatitis GB virus type C/hepatitis G virus presenting as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

A 68-year-old man with moderate liver dysfunction diagnosed with atypical pneumonia showed serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels which revealed a sustained abnormality over six months. Hepatitis GB virus type C/hepatitis G virus demonstrated in his serum by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Liver histology showed steatohepatitis typically observed in alcoholic hepatitis without a remarkable drinking history. This case suggests that hepatitis GB virus type C/hepatitis G virus may induce chronic hepatitis and that there may be cases with chronic hepatitis induced by this virus in patients who have been diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease, even in cases with typical histology of alcoholic hepatitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of office-based intervention to improve prevention counseling for patients at risk for sexually acquired hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B-WARE Study Group.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of tools to identify and counsel patients at risk for sexually transmitted hepatitis B virus infection. Physicians were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group was provided with materials intended to encourage patients to return for counseling and to guide counseling concerning prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Baseline data on 457 patients at risk for hepatitis B virus infection showed that 7% had received prevention counseling and 2% had begun hepatitis B vaccination. Counseling was least likely to occur in obstetric-gynecologic practices, among uninsured patients, and among patients whose only risk factor was a diagnosis of a sexually transmitted disease. After a 6-month intervention period 26% of the intervention group patients and 7% of the control group patients had been counseled (P <.01). Vaccination was more likely among intervention group patients (8% vs <1%; P <.001). The use of tools to identify and counsel patients at risk for sexually transmitted hepatitis B virus infection resulted in increased office-based prevention activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Clinical features related to antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with chronic viral infections (hepatitis C virus/HIV infection): description of 82 cases.

We analyzed the spectrum of clinical features related to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients with chronic viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We selected patients from the HISPAMEC registry who repeatedly tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and who had features of APS, and we searched the MEDLINE database for additional cases. A total of 82 patients were included (45 had chronic HCV infection, 32 had HIV infection, and 5 had HCV-HIV coinfection). The main features of APS were avascular bone necrosis (20 patients), peripheral thrombosis (17), thrombocytopenia (15), neurologic features (13), cardiac manifestations (12), pulmonary embolism (9), gastrointestinal manifestations (8), and cutaneous manifestations (8). The main APS-related features in HCV-infected patients were intraabdominal thrombosis and myocardial infarction, whereas, in HIV-infected patients, the main features were avascular bone and cutaneous necrosis. These viruses might act in some patients as chronic triggering agents that induce a heterogeneous, atypical presentation of APS.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Virus-host relations in hepatitis infections].

The hepatitis infections can rather be characterized by an intensive pathogenetic contribution of the most than by a lytic effect of the causative organism, as it is the case for instance in the lymphocytic choriomeningitis of the mouse and perhaps in the chronic polyarthritis.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1997

Hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis B vaccine, and hepatitis B immune globulin.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem in the United States; in 1995, approximately 128,000 cases occurred. Transmission of HBV occurs primarily by blood exchange (eg, by shared needles during injection drug use) and by sexual contact. Persons infected early in life are much more likely to become chronically infected than those infected during adulthood: as many as 90% of infants infected perinatally develop chronic infection and up to 25% will die of HBV-related chronic liver disease as adults. Clinical signs of acute hepatitis occur in about 50% of infected adults but in only 5% of infected preschool-aged children. In the United States, hepatitis B vaccine is currently made by recombinant DNA technology using baker's yeast. Preexposure vaccination results in protective antibody levels in almost all infants and children (> 95%) and healthy adults younger than 40 years of age (> 90%). The most common adverse event following administration of hepatitis B vaccine is pain at the injection site, which occurs in 13% to 29% of adult and 3% to 9% of children. A comprehensive hepatitis B vaccination policy is now recommended that includes (1) routine infant vaccination; (2) catch-up vaccination of 11- to 12-year-olds who were not previously vaccinated; (3) catch-up vaccination of young children at high risk for infection; (4) vaccination of adolescents and adults based on lifestyle or environmental, medical, and occupational situations that place them at risk; and (5) prevention of perinatal HBV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Parvovirus B19 infection, hepatitis C virus infection, and mixed cryoglobulinaemia.

BACKGROUND: Infection with human parvovirus B19 (B19) has been reported in a few patients with various vasculitis syndromes. Mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC), a model of small vessel size vasculitis, may result from numerous infectious diseases, particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. AIM: To assess the prevalence of seric B19 infection markers in a large series of patients with MC, with or without HCV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients were studied: essential MC (EMC, n = 19), MC associated with non-infectious diseases (non-essential MC, n = 9), and patients with HCV infection with (HCV-MC, n = 18) or without MC (HCV-no-MC, n = 18). Patients were considered to have MC if two successive determinations of their serum cryoglobulin concentration were above 0.05 g/l. Serum samples were analysed for specific IgG and IgM antibodies to B19 by enzyme immunoassay. B19 DNA detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction using a set of primers located in the VP1 gene, separately in serum and in cryoprecipitates to investigate a possible capture of B19 DNA in cryoprecipitate. The study also looked for a possible enrichment for of IgG antibodies to B19 in MC. RESULTS: The presence of specific IgG antibodies to B19 was found in 68% EMC, 56% non-essential MC, 78% HCV-MC, and 78% HCV-no-MC. No patient of either group had specific IgM antibodies to B19, or B19 DNA in serum or in cryoprecipitate. Overall, IgG antibodies to B19 were found in 46 of 64 (72%) serum samples, a prevalence quite similar to the prevalence in general adult population (> 60%). A specific enrichment of IgG antibodies to B19 in the MC was not found. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that B19 infection is neither an aetiological factor of EMC, nor a cofactor that may lead to MC production in patients with chronic HCV infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, and sexual behaviour of women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic.

During the six months immediately after a public information campaign about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome 1115 women who attended a genitourinary medicine clinic in west London were tested for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Three women (0.27%) were positive, and all three were regular sexual partners of men with high risk lifestyles--two intravenous drug users and one bisexual. A consecutive series of 647 women from the cohort was tested for antibodies for hepatitis B core antigen: 27 were positive, of whom six had been born in the United Kingdom and were not known to have been at risk. The two women who were seropositive for HIV who completed a questionnaire on their sexual behaviour before they were tested reported both anal and oral receipt of semen and were in the upper fifth percentile for lifetime sexual partners. More than half (53%) of 424 women who reported that they had non-regular sexual partners never used a condom. It is concluded that heterosexual women in London are at a low risk of becoming infected with HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

[Risks associated with hepatitis infection in patients with hepatitis C and opportunities for prophylaxis].

Patients with chronic hepatitis C remain at risk of acquiring hepatitis A infection and additional liver injury. The estimated risk of HAV infection in HCV patients is similar to that in general population but may be higher in anti-HCV positive drug users. Despite some controversies available data indicate that hepatitis A infection is associated with much higher incidence of hepatitis fulminans and mortality rate in individuals with pre-existing liver disease. In Poland about 60% of all HCV-infected adults have natural immunity to HAV, however majority of those under 35 years majority remains unprotected. Currently available inactivated HAV vaccine proved to be highly immunogenic and safe in patients with hepatitis C. The vaccination should be administered in each unprotected patient upon diagnosis of HCV infection.

Adult↗