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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Metabolic imaging in hemianopsia using positron emission tomography with 18F-deoxyfluoroglucose.

To evaluate the usefulness of metabolic mapping by positron emission tomography using 18F-deoxyfluoroglucose as a tracer in the diagnosis of hemianopsia, we examined eight patients who had had cerebrovascular accident, and four controls. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination disclosed hemianopsia in five and incomplete hemianopsia in three patients; computed tomography showed low-density areas in four patients; and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a prolonged T2 area in five patients. The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose without visual stimulation in the visual cortex was 7.4 +/- 1.0 mg/min/100 g of brain without interhemispheric asymmetry. Light stimulation increased cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in the visual cortex of the nonaffected hemisphere and decreased it in the affected hemisphere. Asymmetry in the metabolic rate in the posterior medial occipital cortex in complete hemianopsia was 22% 12% (P less than .01).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Surgical and botulinum toxin treatment in two cases of abnormal retinal correspondence-exotropia with congenital homonymous hemianopsia].

We report 2 unusual cases of congenital occipital hemianopsia associated with abnormal retinal correspondence (ARC)-exotropia. Two Japanese males, 25 and 28 years of age, visited our hospital for surgical correction of manifest exotropia with dissociated vertical deviation and overaction of the superior oblique muscle. Visual field examination demonstrated homonymous hemianopsia with approximately 5 to 10 degrees of macular sparing. Visually evoked potential examination showed small amplitude similar to dissociated vertical deviation patients in all half-field stimulation. Electrooculogram examination demonstrated defective pursuit to the ipsilateral side. Some investigators have speculated that progressive exotropia compensates for homonymous hemianopsia and is a rare contraindication for strabismus surgery. To confirm the deterioration of motor and visual functions before surgery in these patients, we tried injections of botulinum A type toxin into the lateral rectus muscle ipsilateral to the hemianopsia. Contrary to the hypothesis, our patients had no change in their binocular visual fields and visual function. Finally, we performed recession of the lateral rectus muscle, so that both patients were satisfied with their ocular alignment, with no marked change of visual behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Bitemporal hemianopsia after skull base fracture].

We report a case of bitemporal hemianopsia after skullbase fracture. An 18-year-old male presented with frontal head hit due to a traffic accident. Consciousness level on admission was JCS 10. Initial CT scan revealed traumatic SAH and pneumocephalus. We treated him conservatively. Ten hours after the accident, consciousness level went down, and CT imaging disclosed bilateral frontal hemorrhage. The three dimensional CT (3D-CT) imaging showed two fracture lines from the roof of the ethmoid sinus to the planum sphenoidale. Although his consciousness improved gradually, he complained of rhinorrhea, anosmia and double vision. On preoperative visual field examination, bitemporal hemianopsia was noticed. Repair operation for CSF rhinorrhea was performed. Operative findings revealed two fracture lines corresponding to the 3D-CT scan. The optic chiasm was compressed by the tuberculum sellae. We could not find obvious tearings or stretchings of the chiasm. Reports on operative findings of traumatic chiasmal syndrome are rare, and most of the reports presume that bitemporal hemianopsia results from tearing or stretching of the chiasm. We could confirm that, in some cases, bitemporal hemianopsia could result from direct pressure of the tuberculum sellae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Hemianopsia in dementia with Lewy bodies.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the pathologic changes that caused a left homonymous hemianopsia in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies. DESIGN: Report of a case and postmortem studies. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: A 66-year-old woman experienced parkinsonism and left homonymous hemianopsia early in the course of a rapidly progressive dementia that culminated in death only 21 months after the onset of her symptoms. Postmortem examination revealed pathologic features consistent with the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. The only apparent explanation for her visual field deficit was a disproportionately large number of neurofibrillary tangles in the right striate, peristriate, and inferotemporal cortices. CONCLUSION: A clinically obvious homonymous hemianopsia can result from the occipital and inferotemporal cortical degeneration in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Entoptic [corrected] phenomena in pregeniculate and postgeniculate hemianopsia with splitting of macula by perimetry.

With splitting of macula by perimetry, the entopic phenomena (the perception of one's own foveal xanthophilic pigment and macular vessel leukocytes) were utilized to study the character of macular sparing or splitting in patients with pregeniculate or postgeniculate hemianopsia. In the pregeniculate group, 11 of 14 eyes perceived the Haidinger brushes figure as a half circle corresponding to the perimetric macular splitting, whereas flying corpuscles were not perceived at all or were less numerous on the hemianoptic side than on the normal field side. In contrast, six of seven patients with postgeniculate lesions perceived the Haidinger brushes figure as a complete circle, four of six perceived fewer flying corpuscles on the hemianoptic side than on the normal field side, and two patients reported perceiving an equal number in all quadrants. This study indicated that in pregeniculate hemianopsia there is usually a true splitting of the macula, whereas in postgeniculate hemianopsia, there is some macular sparing even when perimetry shows macular splitting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Neuro-imaging and positron emission tomography of congenital homonymous hemianopsia.

Congenital homonymous hemianopsia is an uncommon asymptomatic visual field defect discovered typically in young adult life that is caused by a diverse group of insults to the retrochiasmal afferent visual system occurring prenatally, at birth, or during early childhood. We treated eight patients with congenital homonymous hemianopsia; seven with damage involving the optic radiations and one with an abnormality of the optic tract. We performed positron emission tomography using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose on two patients with dense homonymous hemianopsias, lesions of the contralateral optic radiations, and largely intact occipital cortex. These studies showed minimal abnormalities in resting visual cortex glucose metabolism of the affected visual cortex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Hemianopsias in cortical and subcortical lesions of the visual system: what is the difference?].

The neuronal correlate of perception in the visual area remains unimpaired in lesions of the optic tracts or the radiatio optica. Hemianopsias due to lesions of these pathways are perceived immediately. On the contrary, hemianopsias due to a lesion of the visual cortex are not perceived or are only indirectly realized. It has not been established if a lesion of the primary visual area alone is sufficient to make the patient unaware of a hemianopsia or if additional impairments of the peristriate visual areas are required. Data processing within the cortical visual projection chain makes it likely, however, that a lesion of the striate cortex is enough. Under physiological conditions an uniformly illuminated field is represented in the neuronal activity by the borders of the field. Neurons within the field are not activated. The higher visual cortical areas can so not discriminate if an input missing from V1 is a result of the physiological processing or of a lesion. Scotomas are therefore not perceived. By analogy this argument should also hold for a hemianopic "scotoma".

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1991

Altitudinal hemianopsia: a case report and mini-review.

Altitudinal hemianopsia is a relatively rare visual field defect. A case report is presented describing a patient suffering from sudden-onset traumatic altitudinal hemianopsia. Other conditions which may produce sudden or gradual onset altitudinal hemianopsias are discussed. The importance of the optometrist being aware of the possibility of an altitudinal visual field defect in conditions of trauma to the face after motor vehicle accidents is stressed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

[Bilateral homonymous hemianopsia with atrial fibrillation].

We encountered an 80-year-old man with sudden bilateral visual disturbance. When he was admitted to the hospital, his blood pressure was 138/70 mmHg, and an ECG revealed atrial fibrillation. Neurological examination showed only bilateral homonymous hemianopsia with no nystagmus or impairment of eye movement. He did not have paralysis cerebellar ataxia, or speech disturbance. Therefore, there was no evidence of obstruction of the thalamogeniculate or thalamoperforating artery. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed cerebral infarctions in both occipital lobes. Perimetry showed bilateral homonymous hemianopsia; the left side of the macula was spared. The lack of neurological deficit other than bilateral homonymous hemianopsia indicates that only the right and left cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery were occluded.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of pituitary adenoma presenting binasal inferior quadrants hemianopsia].

Visual field defect due to pituitary adenoma ordinarily shows bitemporal hemianopsia. But we experienced a case presenting binasal inferior quadrants hemianopsia. A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of headache and blurred vision. At ophthalmologic examination, the visual acuity on the right was 0.02 and on the left 0.3. Visual field showed a loss of bilateral inferior nasal quadrants. There was neither pallor nor edema of either of the optic disks. A computerized tomography (CT) scan showed an enhancing mass in the intra- and suprasellar region. But despite remarkable suprasellar expansion of the tumor, the straight view of bilateral carotid angiograms revealed no elevation of the first part of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA). On the lateral view, the terminal portion of the precommunicating part of the left ACA showed rather marked anteroinferior displacement. 2 mm thin sliced CT scans at the suprasellar region revealed that the left internal carotid artery had been touching the lateral portion of the tumor and the ACA had been displaced anteriorly by the tumor. Two weeks after admission, transsphenoidal tumor resection was carried out. Total removal was achieved and histological examination showed that the tumor was nonfunctioning chromophobe adenoma. The postoperative course was uneventful except for transient diabetes insipidus. The patient's visual acuity rapidly improved to 0.8 on the right and 0.5 on the left two weeks after operation. Although there was still a tendency for left inferior nasal field defect, remarkable improvement was obtained subjectively and objectively. According to the findings of CT scans and cerebral angiograms, binasal hemianopsia may have been produced by the mechanism as follows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1996

[A case of central homonymous hemianopsia due to cerebral infarction of the occipital tip].

A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of the restriction of the right visual field. Goldmann's visual field test revealed the right central hemianopsia. MRI showed the infarction of the left occipital lobe tip. Cerebral angiography showed the occlusion of the left calcarine artery but no abnormality in the branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The occipital lobe tip receives the projection from the macular area and is supplied by both calcarine artery and a branch of MCA. Therefore, cases of central homonymous hemianopsia due to vascular disorders have been relatively rare and the macular vision is usually spared. In contrast to the above knowledge, only one artery occlusion resulted in the central hemianopsia in our case. Poor anastomosis between PCA and MCA in the occipital tip of our patient may explain occurrence of the infarction of that area.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1976

[Homonymous hemianopsia due to chiasmal compression by intracranial aneurysm (author's transl)].

Eight cases of homonymous hemianopsia due to chiasmal compression by intracranial aneurysms have been reported in the literatures. Two similar cases were experienced in our clinic and reported. Of the total 10 cases, 8 were giant aneurysms--over 2 cm in diameter--and 9 cases were aneurysm developing medially from the internal carotid artery. Visual disturbances in all the 10 cases were incongruous homonymous hemianopsia without macula sparing. It should be noted that the existence of aneurysm is possible, in patients with homonymous hemianopsia, even when there is no other clinical evidence of mass lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plaque causing homonymous hemianopsia in multiple sclerosis identified by computed tomography.

Three patients with multiple sclerosis (women 20, 24, and 30 years old) had demyelinative plaques that produced homonymous hemianopsia. These lesions were identified by computed tomography which showed the plaques as hypodense areas. All patients with homonymous hemianopsia should undergo computed tomography; if a hypodense or enhancing lesion is identified, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Functional monocular temporal hemianopsia.

Four patients, two men 25 and 43 years old and two women 20 and 40 years old, had complete monocular temporal hemianopsias, suggesting that it may be a more common functional deficit than has been recognized. The initial symptoms were visual loss and headache, and eye pain also occurred. Correct diagnosis is possible if the absence of a relative afferent pupillary defect and the persistence of a hemianopsia on binocular testing are demonstrated.

Adult↗